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Saturday, 06 December
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Saturday, 06 December 2014

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What is Cyber
CCrimre icommmeitte?d u?sin?g a computer and the internet to steal a person's
identity or sell contraband or stalk victims or disrupt operations with
malicious programs..
 Threatening Email, Assuming someone's Identity, Sexual Harassment,
Defamation, Spam and Phishing are some examples where computers
are used to commit crime.
 Viruses, Worms and Industrial Espionage, Software Piracy and Hacking
are examples where computers become target of crime.

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The first recorded cyber crime took place in the year 1820!
In 1820, Joseph-Marie Jacquard, a textile manufacturer in France, produced
loom. This device allowed the repetition of a series of steps in the weaving of
special fabrics. This resulted in a fear amongst Jacquard's employees that their
traditional employment and livelihood were being threatened. They committed
acts of sabotage to discourage Jacquard from further use of the new
technology. This is the first recorded cyber crime!
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• Teen (age group 11-19 etc.)
• Organized hacktivists
• Disgruntled employees
• Professional hackers
• Terrorists
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We can categorize cyber crime in two ways:-
1. The computer as a Target :- using a computer to
attack other computers . e.g. hacking , virus/worm
attacks etc.
2. The computer as a Weapon :- using a computer to
commit real world crimes. e.g. cyber terrorism ,
credit card frauds , pornography etc.
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1. HACKING
2. VIRUS ATTACK
3. CREDIT CARD FRAUD
4. PHISHING
5. CYBER DEFAMATION
6. DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK
7. SOFTWARE PIRACY
8. NET EXTORTION
9. SPOOFING
10. IRC CRIME
11. BLUE BUGGING
12. CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 10

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Hackingis the gaining of access of others computer
and viewing, copying, or creating data without the knowledge of owner
 The person who is consistently engaging in hacking activities, and
has accepted hacking as a lifestyle and philosophy of their choice, is
called a hacker.
Kevin David Mitnick is first hacker
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 A computer virus is a maliciously made program
that is used to destroy data, or hurt the performance of the computer.
 It is loaded onto your computer without your knowledge and runs
against your wishes
 Viruses can replicate themselves. All computer viruses are man-made.
A simple virus that can make a copy of itself over and over again
is relatively easy to produce.
The first virus was made in 1971 by Bob Thomas
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 A Phishing is the act of attempting to acquire
Information such as usernames, passwords,
and credit card details by pretending as
a trustworthy entity in an electronic
communication
 Phishing emails may contain links to
websites that are infected with malware.
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A term used to describe the act of illegally using, copying or
distributing software without purchasing the software or having
the legal rights.
The majority of software purchased today is purchased as a
one-site license, meaning that only one computer may have that
software installed on it at one time.
 Copying that software to multiple computers or sharing it
with your friend without multiple licenses is considered illegal
and is considered software piracy..
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Internet Relay Chat (IRC) is a form of real-time Internet chat. It is
mainly designed for group (many-to-many) communication in discussion forums
called channels, but also allows one-to-one communication via private message.
 Criminal use it for meeting co-conspirators.
 Hackers use it for discussing their exploits / sharing the techniques.
 Paedophiles use chat rooms to allure small children.
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Internet extortion is hacking into and controlling
various industry databases , promising to release control back to
the company if funds are received or some other demand is
satisfied. Similarly, the subject will threaten
tocompromise information about consumers in the
industry database unless funds are received.
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Top Countries in
Cyber Crime
India stands 4th in the ranking for Cyber Crime in the World, constituting
9.5% of the Global Cyber Crime.

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Indian Crime Scene
 The major Cyber Crimes reported, in India, are Denial of Services,
Defacement of Websites, Spam, Computer Virus and Worms,
Pornography, Cyber Squatting, Cyber Stalking and Phishing.
 Given the fact that nearly $ 120 million worth of Mobiles are being lost
or stolen in the country every year.
 Nearly 69 per cent of information theft is carried out by current
and ex-employees and 31 per cent by hackers.

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India is the third-most targeted country for Phishing attacks after the US and the UK,
Social networks as well as ecommerce sites are major targets,
14,348 website defacements in 2013.
6,850 .in and 4,150 .com domains were defaced during 2013,
India is the number 1 country in the world for generating spam.

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The police have recorded 3,038 cases but made only 2,700 arrests in 3 years
(between 2007 and 2010).
India registered only 1,350 cases under the IT Act and IPC in 2010
50% of cybercrimes are not even reported.

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Cost Of Cyber Crime In India
(2013)
 39.9 million people fell victim to cybercrime,
 $5 billion in direct financial losses,
 $3.6 billion in time spent resolving the crime,
 4 in 5 online adults (80%) have been a victim of
Cybercrime,
 17% of adults online have experienced cybercrime on
their mobile phone.
Source: Norton Cybercrime
Report Jan 2014

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Why India???
A rapidly growing online user base
 Adminstration is very bad . No laws are properly followed
 321 Million Internet Users
 105 Million Active Internet Users, up by 58% from 51 million in 2013
 50 Million users shop online on Ecommerce and Online Shopping
Sites
 66+ Million Social Network Users
 546 million mobile users had subscribed to Data Packages.

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Recent cases
 Pakistan hackers deface 22 Indian
websites and abuse PM Modi on 10
nov
Goa State government website
hacked last week.
Maharaja Agrasen official website
hacked by a teen recently.
NRI transfers 50 lakh in his own
account
Man arrested for posting offensive
pictures on facebook
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Cyber
Laws
in India
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Whoever without permission of the owner of the computer :
 Secures Access;
 Downloads, Copies or extracts
any data, computer database or
any information;
 Introduce or causes to be introduce
any Virus or Contaminant;
 Disrupts or causes disruption;
 Denies or causes denial of access to any person;
 Provides any assistance to any person to facilitate access
 Charges the services availed of by a person to the
account of another person by Tampering with or
Manipulating any Computer, Computer System, or
Computer Network
Shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation
not exceeding one crore rupees to the person so
affected.
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Information Technology
Amendment Act, 2008
 Section – 43,
 Destroys, Deletes or Alters any Information residing in a computer
resource or diminishes its value or utility or affects it injuriously by
any means.
 Steals, conceals, destroys or alters any computer source code
with an intention to cause damage.
“If any person, dishonestly, or fraudulently, does any act referred to
in section 43, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term
which may extend to two three years or with fine which may extend
to five lakh rupees or with both.”

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 S .66A Punishment for sending offensive messages through
communication service, etc
Any electronic mail or electronic mail message for the
purpose of causing annoyance or inconvenience or to
deceive or to mislead the addressee or recipient about the
origin of such messages. Shall be punishable with
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years and
with fine.
 S. 66C - Punishment for identity theft
Whoever, fraudulently or dishonestly make use of the electronic
signature, password or any other unique identification feature of
any other person, shall be punished with imprisonment of either
description for a term which may extend to three years and shall
also be liable to fine which may extend to rupees one lakh.

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 S. 66D - Punishment for cheating by personation
by using computer resource
Whoever, by means of any communication device or
computer resource cheats by personation, shall be punished
with imprisonment of either description for a term which may
extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine which
may extend to one lakh rupees.
 S. 66E - Punishment for violation of privacy.
Whoever, intentionally or knowingly captures,
publishes or transmits the image of a private area of any person
without his or her consent, under circumstances violating the privacy
of that person, shall be punished with imprisonment which may
extend to three years or with fine not exceeding two lakh rupees,
or with both

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 S. 67 A - Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material
containing sexually explicit act, etc. in electronic form
Whoever publishes or transmits or causes to be published
or transmitted in the electronic form any material which
contains sexually explicit act or conduct shall be punished
on first conviction with imprisonment of either description
for a term which may extend to five years and with fine which
may extend to ten lakh rupees.
 S. 67 C - Preservation and Retention of information by
intermediaries.
Intermediary shall preserve and retain such information as may be
specified for such duration and in such manner and format as the
Central Government may prescribe.Any intermediary who
intentionally or knowingly contravenes the provisions of sub section
shall be punished with an imprisonment for a term which
may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine.

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Arrests & Reports Under IT
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Act
 Under the IT Act, 966 cybercrime
cases were filed in 2013
420 in 2012)
 Geographic breakdown of cases
reported:
o 153 from Karnataka,
o 148 from Kerala
o 142 from Maharashtra
o 105 Andhra Pradesh
o 52 Rajasthan
o 52 Punjab
 233 persons were arrested in 2013
 33% of the cases registered were
related to hacking
Source: National Crime Records
Bureau

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The Future of Cyber-Crimes in
India
• Continued Website Hacks and
Defacements
• Data and Information theft
• Increasing phishing attacks on
Ecommerce and Financial Websites
• Cybercriminals targeting Social and
Professional Networks
• Threats directed at the Mobile Platform:
Smartphones and Tablets
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How to Tackle Such activity???
An important question arises that how can these crimes be prevented. A number
of techniques and solutions have been presented but the problems still exists and
are increasing day by day.
 Antivirus And Anti Spyware Software:
Аntivirus software consists of computer programs that attempt to
identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious
software.
Anti spywares are used to restrict backdoor program, trojans and
other spywares to be installed on the computer.
 Firewalls:
Protects a computer network from unauthorized access.
may be hardware devices, software programs, or a combination of the
two. typically guards an internal computer network against malicious
access from outside the network.

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 Education
 Use a firewall
 Click with caution
 Practice safe surfing
 Practice safe shopping
 Use comprehensive security software
and keep your system updated
 Secure your wireless network
 Use strong passwords
 Use common sense
 Be suspicious 35

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As someone rightly said that “bytes are replacing bullets in the crime world”.
The growth of cyber crime in India, as all over the world, is on the rise and to curb its
scope and complexity is the pertinent need today. India’s profile and wealth have
risen enormously in the world due to the constructive use of information technology.
At the same time, India ranks fourth in the world for cyber crime. Even under the IT
Act, investigations in India are not easy. This is mainly due to the lack of what is called
“cyber forensics.” We know that forensic evidence is important in normal criminal
investigations. But the collection and presentation of electronic evidence to prove
cyber crimes have posed a challenge to investigation and prosecution agencies and the
judiciary.
To sum up, India needs a good combination of laws and technology, in
harmony with the laws of other countries and keeping in mind common security
standards. In the era of e-governance and e-commerce, a lack of common security
standards can create havoc for global trade as well as military matters.
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And Keep Browsing

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 The term defamationis used to define the injury that is caused to
the reputation of a person in the eyes of a third person.
 The injury can be done by words oral or written, or by signs or by visible
representations.
 Cyber defamation is publishing of defamatory material against another
person with the help of computers or internet.
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