Slides from the Metropolitan New York Library Council's program, "The Rights of Readers and the Threat of the Kindle," presented on July 27, 2011. http://www.metro.org/en/cev/85 For more information, see: https://readersbillofrights.info/

1. The Rights of Readers and the Threat of the Kindle Matthew Goins Independent Technologist Alycia Sellie Brooklyn College Library Metro Webinar July 27, 2011

3. The Kindle “Swindle”

4. HarperCollins and 26 checkouts

5. http://boycottharpercollins.com

6. The root of the problem: Digital Restrictions Management (DRM)

8. Aesthetic issues

9. Page numbers

10. “Lendling” or short-term sharing between personal collections (via DRM)ONGOING PERFORMANCE BY RACHEL MORRISON: SMELLING THE BOOKS

12. Examining how our rights are preserved—or lost—as books go digital

16. What is DRM? “In essence, DRM treats the information user as attacker on her own computer, blocking uses of information undesired by the provider, regardless of whether the information object is legally owned and whether the use in question is otherwise legally permissable.” —Jason Puckett “Digital Rights Management as Information Access Barrier” “DRM technologies add code to digital content that disables the simple ability to copy or distribute that content—at least without the technical permission of the DRM technology itself.” —Lawrence Lessig, Code 2.0 DRM controls access to digital content and restricts the functionality of devices.

17. DRM restricts content, through secrets that are kept from the end user

18. DRM restricts content, through secrets that are kept from the end user Software that implements DRM uses two forms of secrecy: The encryption key--which allows the decrypting, or accessing/opening of encrypted files--is a secret

19. DRM restricts content, through secrets that are kept from the end user Software that implements DRM uses two forms of secrecy: The encryption key--which allows the decrypting, or accessing/opening of encrypted files--is a secret The proprietary code that the hardware executes--what the computer does to decrypt the files and allow you to read an ebook--is a secret

20. Jailed Devices Devices like the iPadand the Kindle are “jailed,” meaning through the restriction of both hardware and software, the end user does not have full control of their machines. This jailing protects the DRM system from having its secrets discovered by the user.

22. Because of the likelihood that a DRM scheme can be circumvented, DRM relies on the protection of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)

23. The DMCA made it illegal to break, circumvent or reverse engineer DRM

24. Therefore, even the weakest DRM is protected by law

26. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook file ENCRYPTER (DRM’er)

27. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook with DRM (encrypted file) ebook file ENCRYPTER (DRM’er)

28. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook with DRM (encrypted file) ebook file ENCRYPTER (DRM’er) Ebooks with DRM rely on a secret encryption key and proprietary software (Amazon software, Adobe Digital Editions, etc.) to be unlocked–without these, the ebooks stays locked/encrypted & Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook file

29. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook with DRM (encrypted file) ebook file ENCRYPTER (DRM’er) & It’s same content! DRM just takes away your ability to print, copy, etc. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook file

30. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook with DRM (encrypted file) ebook file ENCRYPTER (DRM’er) & DMCA Protection Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook file

31. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. Loremipsum dolor sit amet, consecteturadipisicingelit, sed do eiusmodtemporincididuntutlabore et dolore magna aliqua. Utenim ad minim veniam, quisnostrud exercitation ullamcolaboris nisi utaliquip ex eacommodoconsequat. Duisauteirure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptatevelitessecillumdoloreeufugiatnullapariatur. Excepteursintoccaecatcupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officiadeseruntmollitanim id estlaborum. ebook file Instead of encrypting and decrypting and taking control of our machines, publishers and vendors could simply provide ebooks without DRM! (It’s technologically simpler, and many publishers are already saying no to DRM!)

33. Consumer Protection

34. Privacy

35. Fair Use

37. DRM is at odds with consumer protection via troublesome End User License Agreements (EULAs)

38. DRM restricts fair use

39. DRM threatens our privacy and the freedom to read

40. DRM restricts sharing (and threatens libraries)

41. The two main commercial models for digital books (both rely on DRM)

42. Lending tethered ebook devices in libraries

44. Restrictedprinting

45. Simultaneous readers and “checkedout” ebooks

46. Caged vs. free rangedownloading Adobe Digital Editions = DRM

47. The importance of reading offline

48. Rental vs. Ownership

49. Disappearing books, diminishing budgets, and permanentcollections

50. How ebook models differ from electronic journal subscriptions

51. In summary, our concerns about current libraryebook models: DRM restricts our ability to: Print Download Use Texts with Others and Collaborate Retain and Archive our Purchases Make Information Accessible to our Patrons Or, most importantly, DRM can restrict anything else the vendor/publisher would like

52. What’s the Solution? Back to the Future: The Printed Book. “Books are open code: They hide nothing; they reveal their source—they are their source!” —Lawrence Lessig, Code 2.0

54. Share

55. Change the Contents

57. READERS' BILL OF RIGHTS for DIGITAL BOOKS 1. Ability to retain, archive and transfer purchased materials

58. READERS' BILL OF RIGHTS for DIGITAL BOOKS 1. Ability to retain, archive and transfer purchased materials 2. Ability to create a paper copy of the item in its entirety

59. READERS' BILL OF RIGHTS for DIGITAL BOOKS 1. Ability to retain, archive and transfer purchased materials 2. Ability to create a paper copy of the item in its entirety 3. Digital books should be in an open format (e.g. you could read on a computer, not just a device)

60. READERS' BILL OF RIGHTS for DIGITAL BOOKS 1. Ability to retain, archive and transfer purchased materials 2. Ability to create a paper copy of the item in its entirety 3. Digital books should be in an open format (e.g. you could read on a computer, not just a device) 4. Choice of hardware to access books (e.g. in 3 years when your device has broken, you can still read your book on other hardware)

61. READERS' BILL OF RIGHTS for DIGITAL BOOKS 1. Ability to retain, archive and transfer purchased materials 2. Ability to create a paper copy of the item in its entirety 3. Digital books should be in an open format (e.g. you could read on a computer, not just a device) 4. Choice of hardware to access books (e.g. in 3 years when your device has broken, you can still read your book on other hardware) 5. Reader information will remain private (what, when and how we read will not be stored, sold or marketed)

62. What You Can Do

64. Release your own work without restrictive licensing or DRM

65. Talk with your patrons and colleagues about digital restrictions

66. Let vendorsand publishers know that you oppose digital restrictions

67. Remain aware of the ways that purchases (of items such as Kindles or subscriptions to online ebookcollections) affect readers’ rights

68. Help this project: give us feedback for the next version of the Readers’ Bill of Rights for Digital Books

70. It’s easier than ever to avoid DRM

71. This project could become irrelevant tomorrow!

73. “Freedom to Read Statement” by the American Library Association

74. The Free Software Movement

75. The “Five Laws of Library Science” by S.R. Ranganathan

76. The Free Culture Movement

78. Alycia Sellie asellie @ brooklyn.cuny.edu Matthew Goins me @ matthewgoins.org http://readersbillofrights.info identi.ca & twitter: @readersrights