This document discusses and distinguishes between arguments and non-arguments, and outlines key elements of arguments including premises, conclusions, and common argument structures. It defines an argument as a claim defended with reasons, composed of one or more premises and a conclusion. It also discusses deductive arguments, which aim to prove conclusions with logical necessity from premises, and inductive arguments, which claim conclusions that are probable or likely given the premises. Common patterns of deductive reasoning like categorical syllogisms and elimination arguments are described.

1. Analysis: Argumentative Discourse

26. DEDUCTION & INDUCTION

27. Deductive Argument

36. Inductive Argument

42. The Indicator Word Test

45. The Strict Necessity Test

48. Common Patterns in Deductive & Inductive Arguments