Ch. 2 Real Communication by Dan O'Hair and Mary Wiemann

1. Perceiving the Self and Others
Chapter Two
Real Communication, An Introduction By Dan O’Hair And Mary Wiemann
Wednesday, January 25, 2012

2. Perception...
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3. Perception...
a cognitive process
interpret our experiences
come to our understandings
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4. Communication
Processing
We gather, organize, and evaluate
the information we receive.
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5. Schemas
Mental structures that group
together related information, help
us process new information.
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6. Less Perceptive
✤ Mindlessness results in reduced
cognitive activity.
✤ Selective Perception gives us bias.
✤ Undue Influence gives greater
credibility to something than you
should.
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7. Attributions
✤ Personal characteristics used to explain other
people’s behaviors to understand the cause of the
behavior and justify perception.
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8. Interaction Appearance Theory
✤ As we get to know people better through
positive interactions, we find them more socially
and physically attractive.
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9. Interaction Appearance Theory
✤ As we get to know people better through
positive interactions, we find them more socially
and physically attractive.
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10. Fundamental Attribution Error
✤ We overemphasize the
internal and underestimate
the external causes of
behaviors we see.
✤ “There is something wrong
with that guy. He’s always
late to work.”
✤ “I’m always late because I
have kids.”
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11. Improving Perceptions
✤ Verify your information.
✤ Be thoughtful when
seeking info.
✤ Look beyond the first
impression.
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12. perception
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13. Culture
Understanding how our cultural
differences affect perception.
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14. Understanding
✤ Effective and appropriate
communication involves
understanding and appreciating
people who perceive differently
than us.
✤ Recognizing their uniqueness.
✤ Our background can affect how we
see others.
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15. Cultural Myopia
✤ My culture and language are
appropriate and relevant in all
situations.
✤ Don’t be blind from our own
perceptions.
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16. Stereotyping
✤ The practice of fitting individuals
into existing schemas without
taking into account their
individual differences.
✤ Prejudice
✤ How do you define prejudice?
✤ Do you have any prejudices?
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17. Remove Barriers
✤ Be mindful of others.
✤ People belong to many
co-cultures.
✤ Learn more about others.
✤ Examine our own
schemas.
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18. Self
Understanding who I am in order to
communicate better.
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19. Self-concepts
✤ Awareness of who we are.
✤ Thinking about our own strengths
and weaknesses.
✤ Observing our own behaviors and
reactions to others.
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20. Social Comparison Theory
✤ The practice of comparing our
own self-concepts to what we like
about media figures.
✤ Influences how we think about
ourselves.
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21. Self-esteem
How people think about themselves
can give confidence.
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22. Self-efficacy
✤ The ability to predict one’s
effectiveness in a communication
situation based on self-concept and
self-esteem.
✤ Johnny Carson was one of the best
at reading his audience and
reacting to them.
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23. Self-fulfilling prophecy
✤ A prediction that causes an
individual to alter his or her
behavior in a way that makes the
prediction likely to occur.
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24. Assessments
✤ Self-actualization is a high
assessment.
✤ Self-adequacy is a satisfactory
assessment.
✤ Self-denigration is a negative
assessment.
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25. Identities
How do we manage our identities?
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26. Self-
presentation
How we present ourselves to
others.
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27. Self-monitoring
✤ Observing our environment
and others.
✤ We will know how to present
ourselves in a particular
situation.
✤ High self-monitors-attuned to
other’s behaviors.
✤ Low self-monitors-not
sensitive to the situation and
don’t feel need to adapt.
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28. Self-disclosure
✤ How we reveal ourselves to
others by sharing information.
✤ The information we reveal must
be considered important.
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29. Controlled online
✤ It’s possible to edit, revise
and organize the information
disclosed.
✤ We can hide things since
there is no body language or
other signals.
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