Clauses and phrases 4

Clauses & Phrases
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Clauses Phrases
A phrase is a group of
related words that does
not include a subject or
a verb, or both.
A clause is a group of
related words that
contain both a subject
and a verb/predicate.

A phrase cannot
stand alone as a
sentence.
Clauses may be
able to stand
alone as a
sentence
Clauses Phrases

“On this bright and
sunny Monday
morning, we are
going to tell you about
Phrases and Clauses.”
“Nobody really wants to
listen to our presentation,
but we’re making you
anyway!”
Clauses Phrases

Spot the sentences and clauses.
• The woman ate her dinner quickly.
• I cannot move because my back hurts.
• who was running really quickly
• Josie could swim really quickly.
• which was really smelly
Clauses Phrases

• The woman ate her dinner quickly. sentence
• I cannot move because my back hurts.
Clauses Phrases

• I cannot move because my back hurts. sentence
Clauses Phrases

• who was running really quickly. clause
Clauses Phrases

• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
Clauses Phrases

• Josie could swim really quickly. sentence
• which was really happy. clause
Clauses Phrases

Which of the following are phrases and clauses?
1.In my room
2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
4.Quickly walking to the store
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed
3.Until next week
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

1.In my room phrase
2.The cat went under the bed Clause
3.Until next week
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

1.In my room phrase
3.Until next week phrase
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

1.In my room phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried
Clauses Phrases

1.In my room phrase
4.Quickly walking to the store phrase
5.Yet they tried clause
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
.1A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of ______ and
does not contain both a _______ and a _______.
.2A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
.3A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
1. A phrase is a group of related words that is used as a part of speech and
does not contain both a _______ and a _______.
2. A phrase ______ stand alone as a sentence
3. A clause has both a _______ and a _______.
4. A clause _______ stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
does not contain both a subject and a _______.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
does not contain both a subject and a verb.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
2. A phrase cannot stand alone as a sentence
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
3. A clause has both a subject and a _______.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
3. A clause has both a subject and a verb.
Clauses Phrases

Fill in the blanks:
3. A clause has both a subject and a verb.
4. A clause can stand alone as a sentence if it’s an independent clause.
Clauses Phrases

How many types are there?
Clauses Phrases

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

1. Independent
Is a complete sentence that
MUST HAVE a subject and
a verb which agree. It
conveys a complete
thought.
Clauses Phrases

1. Independent
The frustrated,
irritated teachers finally
understood the basic
grammar concepts.
Clauses Phrases

1.
An Independent clause
=
Sentence
Clauses Phrases

2. Subordinate
Dependent
Fragment
these cannot stand by
themselves. They must be
combined with an independent
clause in order to make sense.
Clauses Phrases

2. Subordinate
Dependent
fragment
“We want you to listen to this
presentation, because we
think it will be useful to you.”
Clauses Phrases

2. Independent
“We want you to
listen to this
presentation,
because we think it
will be useful to
you.”
2. Subordinate
Dependent
Fragment
“We want you to listen
to this presentation,
because we think it
will be useful to you.”
Clauses Phrases

How can you
connect
clauses?
Clauses Phrases

Coordinators
COMPOUND
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
Subordinators
COMPLEX
As
Since
Before
While
Because
When
In case
Relative
Pronouns
RELATIVE
Who
Which
That
Whom
whose
Clauses Phrases

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Adverbial
Relative
(Adjectie)
Noun
Clauses Phrases

Relative
Pronouns
Who
Which
That
Whom
whose
Dependent/(fragment)/Subordinate
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Relative
adverbs
When
Where
why
It answers
questions such
as
*which one?
*what kind?
*how many?
Clauses Phrases

Examples:
When we go to the movies, we always
buy popcorn.
Those are the two children who walked
out of the store
………that helped us
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

NonesentialEssential
You need it
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

NonesentialEssential
Laura and her friend
Juliette, who is the oldest of
the two, enjoy spending
time together.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Adjective
Clauses Phrases

Dependent
(fragment)
Subordinate
independent
Adverbial
Relative
Adjective
Noun
Clauses Phrases

John did his homework before he went to bed.
Identify the type of the clause
Independent dependent
Clauses Phrases

If you help me, I will help you!
Clauses Phrases

She is very fit because she goes running every day.
Clauses Phrases

After the movie was over, we went out to eat.
Noun clause Adverb clause
Relative ( adjective) clause
Clauses Phrases

He doesn’t know what he’s going to do now
Clauses Phrases

The kids who started out with the highest scores actually finished near the bottom.
Clauses Phrases

That history test, which was supposed to be so hard, turned out to be quite easy.
Clauses Phrases

I won’t be able to go to college unless I get a good grade in chemistry.
Clauses Phrases

What I did yesterday is none of your business.
Clauses Phrases

Whatever you want to do for your birthday is fine with me.
Clauses Phrases

While the local people were trying to escape, the tsunami washed over their town.
Clauses Phrases

Noun
Verb
Preposition
Appositives
gerund
infinitive
Absolute
Clauses Phrases

1. Noun Phrase
A complete subject with all its modifiers
The frustrated, irritated teachers...
• Noun: teachers
• Modifiers: the, frustrated, irritated
Clauses Phrases

2. Preposition
The frustrated, irritated teachers enrolled
in Mr. Ruff’s “ Grammar for Dummies” class.
• preposition - in
• object of the preposition - class
• modifiers – Mr. Ruff’s, “Grammar for Dummies”
Clauses Phrases

Identify the prepositional phrase & the word it modifies.
1. Students in my class are intelligent, lovely people.
2. My cat with the blue eyes is named Baby.
3. There was only enough room for you.
4. The pants with big pockets look weird.
Clauses Phrases

3. Appositives
A noun phrase that renames the noun it follows.
Brad Ruff, the grammar guru, empowers teachers.
Clauses Phrases

4. Verb phrase
Defined as a verb with all of its modifiers
…would like to improve her grammar skills.
• Verb phrase - would like to improve
Clauses Phrases

Noun VerbPrepositionAppositivesgerundinfinitiveAbsolute
Identify the type of phrase
As a souvenir, Mary bought herself a beautiful, oval-shaped, soft pink pearl.
Clauses Phrases

Once at the beach, they all settled down on lounge chairs.
Clauses Phrases

Patricia would have gone for a walk to explore the surroundings had
others been interested.
Clauses Phrases

Phrase
Not a full
sentence
Not a
complete
thought
Prepositional phrase
Adjective phrase
Adverb phrase
Verb phrase
Can have
a subject
or a verb
or neither
Clause
Has a
subject
Has a
verb
Independent &
Dependent=Subordinate
Can
express a
complete
thought
Clauses Phrases

Clauses Phrases

Clauses and phrases 4

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