Explanation Text about Condensation Trails

1. EXPLANATION TEXT
ABOUT
CONDENSATION TRAILS
By :
1. Alif Dzaki (02)
2. Desi Likman (12)
3. Haidar Ali (16)
4. Rashelia Radela (32)
5. Yusuf Adi (40)

2. WHAT IS
EXPLANATION
TEXT?
Explanation Text is a text which contains the processes associated with
natural phenomena, science, culture and others. An Explanation text is
usually derived from the corresponding author questions 'why' and 'how' of
an existing phenomenon.

3. The Purpose of Studying Explanation
Text
• To explain the processes that
occur in the formation or
activity associated with
natural phenomena, social,
science, culture, and the
others which aims to explain.

4. The Generic Structure of Explanation
Text
1. General Statement
2. Squenced of
Explanation
3. Closing

5. What will we learn?
1. What is Condensation Trails?
2. Condensation Trails Process
3. Condensation Trails impact

7. What is
Condensation
Trails???? …
Condensation Trails is a
natural phenomenon that
occurs when an airplane high in
the sky. Aircraft such as release
the white beam smoke from the
engine and the track or trace a
line forming behind aircraft that
looks quite beautiful on the
surface of the earth.
Many people think that the
smoke trail was deliberately
released by the pilot as a certain
sign. Yet the truth is that it
occurs as a common natural
phenomenon as a result of
chemical-physical processes
between the exhaust gases out
of the engine aircraft with the
surrounding air temperature.

8. HOW
CONDENSATION
TRAILS HAPPEN
????

9. Condensation Trails Happen…

10. Condensation Trails actually is a
compound as a result of chemical-physical
processes between the
aircraft engine exhaust gases with
surrounding air to produce condensed
compounds called condensate
(condensate).
So Condensation Trails is a natural
phenomenon commonly arising as a
result of aircraft exhaust gas reaction
with the surrounding air temperature
is cold. From the results of research
we know that at an altitude of more
than 8000 meters asl (above sea level),
the air temperature is very cold, can
reach temperatures of -40 to -55
degrees Celsius.
On the other hand we also
know that the aircraft engine fuel
compound Hydrocarbon which is
containing a substance consisting
of Hydrogen and Carbon. In the
process of combustion in aircraft
engines, Hydro and Carbon
discarded by the machine. Carbon
combustion to create Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) and Carbon
Monoxide (CO) smoke. While
Hydrogen (H2) reacts with oxygen
(O2) which is not burned in the
engines will come out as water
vapor (H2O in the form of gas)

12. Condesation
Condensation is the changing states
of matter to form denser. Examples of
condensation are substances such as
gaseous (or vapor) into liquid
substances. Condensation occurs
when gas cools so that becomes liquid.
Condensation can also occur when the
gas is compressed (pressure increased)
so that it becomes a liquid, or have a
combination of cooling and
compression which has the condensed
is called condensate (condensate).
So when the rest of the exhaust
gases of combustion engines it out and
react with the surrounding air
temperature is cold, then the gas will
be condensed into condensate and
eventually create a trail or white beam
which resembles an elongated Cirrus
clouds are called Condensation Trails
(contrails).
Condensate can be formed
microscopic granules resembling fine
mist of water ice, but also can take the
form of small ice crystals if the
surrounding air is very cold.
There are Contrails which soon
disappeared, some are able to survive
a little longer imprint in the air. The
imprint was not long survive in the air
is dependent upon the temperature
difference between the aircraft engine
exhaust and the air around it, also
wind conditions. The greater the
difference in temperature and the less
windy, the longer it Contrails survive in
space. Even in certain atmospheric
conditions, Contrails can look up to
many hours.

13. • TYPES OF
CONDENSATION
TRAILS

14. Exhaust Contrails
Exhaust Contrails are formed by the
mixing of the hot humid exhaust of the
engines with cold humid surrounding
air, creating long streamers of clouds.
If the conditions are right then these
can persist and spread. These are the
most common type of contrail
observed.
A typical exhaust contrail. There
are initially four, one for each
engine, and then they mix
together.

15. Aerodynamic
Contrails
Aerodynamic Contrails are formed
by the temporary reduction in
pressure of the air moving over the
surface of the plane, or in the
center of a wake vortex. Reducing
the pressure of the air means it can
hold less water, so condensation
occurs.
An Aerodynamic contrail on a
landing jet – condensation is visible
above the wing surfaces, and in the
center of the vortices coming from
the outside ends of the deployed
flaps, but nothing from the engines.
This type of contrail is seen in high
local humidity, as indicated here by
the misty conditions.

16. THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
BREATHING AND CONTRAILS

18. Although Jakon looks beautiful from the earth's surface, but based on
the results of a study showed that Jakon contribute to Global Warming
(Global Warming). Dr. Ulrike Burkhardt and Dr. Bernd Karcher of the
Institute for Atmospheric Physics at the German Aerospace Center are
two scientists who in his research using computational models to see
how far the Jakon affect the temperature of the earth.
The results of the study reported that the heat radiation generated by
31 miliWatt Jakon for every square meter. However, when compared
with the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) from the aircraft to reach
3% of the amount of annual emissions of all fossil fuel sources, the
radiation of heat from Jakon still have smaller emissions.
SOLUTION
Recommendations were excluded from the study are in the form of the
solution is to lower the height of flying aircraft to avoid happening
Jakon, and development of aircraft engine types the better so as to
reduce the occurrence of Jakon which has been proven to contribute to
accelerating global warming on the earth's surface.

19. CONCLUSION
• Condensation trail (contrails, Condensation Trails) are imprints that make
up the cloud trail behind the aircraft that occurs as a result of the
condensation process by aircraft engine exhaust gases cool in the
surrounding air.
• Contrail commonly occurs at an altitude of 8000 meters asl (above sea
level) to the top and the air temperature is less than -40 degrees Celsius.
The length of stay in the air Contrail highly dependent on the
temperature difference between the aircraft engine exhaust and the air
around it, also wind conditions. The greater the difference in
temperature and the less windy, the longer it Contrail survive in space. In
certain atmospheric conditions, Contrail can even look up to many hours.
• Contrail affect temperatures on Earth that contribute to Global Warming
(Global Warming). The solution to that problem, among others, by
lowering the altitude flying aircraft to avoid Contrail, and development
of aircraft engine types the better so as to reduce the occurrence of
Contrail.