LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION THEORY

2. LIS-513 : KNOWLEDGE ORGANISATION:
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION THEORY
Done by
Gana. G. S.
Dept.Of Library and
Information Science
University of kerala

3. Zone Analysis

4. Presentation Overview :
o Introduction
o Concept in Idea plan
o Concept in Notational plane
o Zones in Different Facets

5. Introduction
Deals with the examination of Possible number of
Zones of ideas in the structure of knowledge , in
arrays of different orders.
Attempts for the provision of classes in the
notation through Hospitality.
Ranganathan created 4 identical Zones in Idea an
Notational Plane.

6. Concept in Idea Plane
• In each array of Ideas and Isolates
of any order , there are 4 types of
Ideas and Isolates. Therefore 4
types of Zones exist in each order
array. These 4 types of Ideas falls
under
2 major groups of
Ideas Special Isolate IdeasCommon Isolates Ideas

7. Illustration
Enumerated
Common
Isolate
Common Isolate Special Isolate
Non-
Enumerated
Special
Isolate
Isolate ( Ideas )
Non -
Enumerated
Common
Isolate
Enumerated
Special
Isolate

8. Sequence suggested by Ranganathan these
zones in an array :
Zone in Enumerated Enumerated Devised Devised
an Array Common Special Special Common
Isolate Isolate Isolate Isolate

9. Common Isolates Ideas
The isolates likely to arise in many subjects
going with many basic classes ,i.e. which are
common to many subjects.
The isolates derived by the application of a
characteristic special to the immediate universe
classified, i.e. which are special to a class.
Special Isolates Ideas

10. Zones in Idea Plane
• First Zone :
-> Enumerated Common Isolates
-> Isolates are enumerated in their canonical
-> sequence and then specific digits are
-> assigned to them
• Second Zone :
-> Enumerated Special Isolates
-> Derived on the basis of a characteristic special to
the immediate universe classified.

11. • Third Zone :
-> Devised Special Isolate
-> Used devices – Alphabetical
device, Chronological device , device of enumeration.
• Fourth Zone :
-> Devised Common Isolate
-> common isolate & subjects represented by the
traditional Main classes and their subdivisions got by
the Subject Device.

12. Provision in Notational Plane
Zones in an array of 1st order :
Enumerated Common
Isolate
Lower Case Roman
Letters
abcd……
Enumerated Special
Isolate
Arabic Numerals 1234……
Devised Special
Isolate
Roman Capitals ABCD…….
Devised Common
Isolate
Packet Notation ( ) ( )

13. Zones of Main classes
Zone 1 :
The class consist any publication which deals with
several subjects and cannot go into any other single
traditional Main classes.
ex : Generalia class z
Zone 2 :
This holds the recently recognized Main classes
which can’t be accommodated in the traditional Main
classes.
ex : 1 ) Universe of Knowledge
2 ) Library Science
3 ) Book Science
4 ) Journalism

14. Zone 3 :
Holds traditional Main classes from Natural Sciences to Law.
Zone 4 :
Holds the newly emerging methodologies.
ex : (:g) Criticism technique
(p) Conference technique
(r) Administration report technique
(P) Communication theory
(X) Management

15. Zones of classes in 2nd order array :
The 4 zones of the 2nd order array under Main class z
Generalia are discussed below:
Zone 1 :
consists of classes pertaining to the different forms of
exposition of the Generalia class.
ex : za Generalia Bibliography
zk General Encyclopedia
zm General Periodical
zn General Directory, Yearbook
zw General Biography
zx General Miscellaneous collections

16. Zone 2 :
This represent materials of an encyclopedic
nature centering round a geographical area.
ex : z4 Orientalia
z41 Sinology
z42 Nipponology
z44 Indology
z5 Occidentalia
z7 Americana

17. Zone 3 :
This represent materials centering round
any person got by Alphabetical device.
ex : zG Gandhiana
Zone 4 :
This represent materials centering round a
particular subject got by Subject device.
ex : z(Q3) Jainology
z(Q62) Catholicology
z(Q7) Islamology

18. Zones in Personality Facet :
• Zone 1 :
ex : Xa Bibliography of Economics
Xk Encyclopedia of Economics
Xm Periodical in Economics
• Zone 2 :
ex : X3 Economics of Communication
X4 Economics of Transport
X5 Economics of Commerce

19. • Zone 3 :
consists of Specials represented by the empty
digit 9 & Systems got by Chronological device.
Specials Systems
X9A Specials in Economics XA Systems of Economics
X9B Small-Scale Industries XB War Economics
X9D Large-Scale Industries XM Cooperative Economics
X9S Private Enterprise XM2 Socialism
X9V Public Utility XN Communism

20. Zones in [M]
• Consist of the attributes of Physical, Chemical or
Biological nature & nature of Value.
• Matter in 1st level refer to Zone 1.
• Matter in 2nd level refer to Zone 2.
Note :
-> The isolates in the zone will be very large.
-> Therefore several number of arrays are
necessary.
-> Such a comprehensive schedule is yet to be
constructed.

21. Illustrative schedule : c Physical properties
c4 Thermal properties
c4283 Specific Heat
e Chemical properties
g Biological / Vital properties
r4 Ethical values
r5 Aesthetic values
s Psychological value
t Educational value
y Social value
Property
attribute
•Physical
•Chemical
•Biological
Value attribute
•Musical
•Literary
•Linguistics
•Ethical
•Aesthetical
•Psychological
•Educational
•Social
Matter Isolates

22. Examples:
Chemical properties of Gold E118;c
Vitamin contents of apple J371;e97
Thermal constants of Gold F118;c4
Zones in [E]
Zone 1 is associated with Enumerated Common Isolate.
Zone 2 is associated with Enumerated Special Isolate.
Zone 4 is associated with Devised Common Isolate.
Note : Only three zones are present. Zone 3 is barren in
some cases.

23. Examples:
Zone 1 : (ECI)
Research in Library Science 2:f
Evaluation in Library Science 2:g
Survey in Library Science 2:u
Zone 2 : (ESI)
Library Classification 2:51
Library Organization 2:2
Library Co-operation 2:4

24. Zone 4 : (DCI)
Statistical study of Libraries
2: (B28)
Psychological study of Libraries
2: (S)
Sociological study of Libraries
2: (Y)
Library Legislation
2: (Z)

25. Zones in [S]
Zone 1 is assigned to Orientation,Economic,Social
and other similar factors.
Zone 2 is assigned to Hemispheres,Oceans,Global
zones.
Zone 3 is assigned by using Chronological device.
Zone 4 is assigned by using Subject device.

26. Zone 1 of [S2]
Pre-first sector : Physiographical features
a Geosphere f Forest j Hydrosphere
e5 Delta g1 Valley p1 River
e6 Island g7 Mountain p6 Lake
r Ocean

27. Zone 3 :
Penultimate sector : Orientation divisions
9A Orientation 9F South-east 9S North
9B East 9G South 9W North-east
9C Near 9L South-west 9X Inside
9D Middle 9M West 9Y Outside
9E Far 9R North-west

28. Zone in [T] :
Two zones are present.
Zone 1 : Featured Time Division (Roman Smalls)
Zone 3 : Public Time Division (Roman Capitals)
Featured Time Divisions :
includes special features such as
daytime, morning, noon, sunset etc…
c Daytime n5 Autumn
d Night n7 Winter
e Twilight p Meteorological period
n Season p1 Dry
n1 Spring p5 Wet
n3 Summer p8 Snow

29. Example :
“Incidence of Asthma in rainy season.”
L44:453’p5
“Adopting controlling measure of the incidence of
asthma at night.”
L44:453:55’d
Public Time Divisions :
It is enumerated order of time in the general schedule.

30. Conclusion
Zone Analysis , provided the possible number
of Zones of Ideas in the structure of knowledge in a
arrays of different orders. Ranganathan identified 4
identical Zones in Idea plane and Notational plane
indirectly. Thus the concept of Zone Analysis
emerged .

31. Reference
1) Colon Classification : Theory and Practice –
Mohinder Singh Sachdeva
2) Library Classification Facets & Analysis :
Shabahath Hussain
3) Colon Classification : Dr.S.R.Ranganathan