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Economic agents make decisions in particular models. These models do not need to be related to financial contexts, and economics can be used to describe how agents will act in any other field in which humans act. As an example, how would economic principles be applied to the process of a democratic election? Solution Long story short: Preferences orderings are over more abstract outcomes instead of money. It\'s still a story of maximizing expected utility. Agents are usually assumed to have preferences over outcomes. This is assuming something like consequentialism. In financial models, the outcomes are dollar amounts and so there is a natural preference ordering. In something like a political model, outcomes are policies. So, people have indirect preferences over political candidates based on beliefs and seek to influence the outcome by voting. This is probably a bad model of voting, as most people don\'t honestly believe their vote matters I\'m guessing. Beyond voting to influence current decision-making, here is a good paper about voting as communicating: Piketty (2000).

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Economic data is a very broad concept. It can include discrete preference relation data-sets as
well as extensive time series data.
But it is important that theories are tested against data, and the earlier this happens in the
development of an economic model, or of a new economic hypothesis, the more beneficial will
be to the researcher, providing early signals on how good or bad a match with the real world his
theoretical endeavors are. Economics being a Social Science, it is also important to have plentiful
of different data sets, since testing a theory on just one data set does not provide strong enough
evidence of the model's usefulness or uselessness.
So I am posting this question with the hope that it will be gradually enhanced with answers and it
will become a point of reference for Economic data of all sorts for this community.
My offering: The World Bank for example has very useful information on trade lanes. Other
repositories:
-Data links hosted at the Econometrics Journal
-Data archive of the Journal of Applied Econometrics
-Supplemental material for Econometrica
Solution
Be more specific on what you need. Quandl would be a pretty general source which hasn't been
mentioned yet. For macro data the St. Louis Fed is pretty good and thorough. Eurostat for
European data. historicalstatistics.org for historical data.

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Each inhabitant of a remote village always tells the truth or always lies. A villager will only give a `Yes\' or `No\' answer to a question a tourist asks. Suppose you are a tourist visiting this area and come to a fork in the road. One branch leads to the ruins you want to visit; the other branch leads deep into the jungle. A villager is standing at the fork in the road. (a) What one question can you ask the villager to determine which branch to take? Justify your answer. (b) Is it possible to ask a single question and determine both which branch to take and whether the villager always tells the truth? Justify your answer. Solution (a) Point down one road. Ask the villager, \"If someone else were to ask you if this were the road to the ruins, what would you say?\" If it is the road to the ruins, a truthful villager would tell someone else the truth, and they\'d tell you the truth about telling the truth, and say \"yes\". On the other hand, if it is the road to the ruins, a lying villager would lie to someone else, and they\'d lie to you about lying, and say \"yes\". If isn\'t the road to the ruins, a truthful villager would tell someone else the truth, and they\'d tell you the truth about telling the truth, and say \"no\". On the other hand, if isn\'t the road to the ruins, a lying villager would lie to someone else, and they\'d lie to you about lying, and say \"no\". (b) The particular question in my answer to (a) tells you which branch to take, but does not distinguish between the two kinds of villagers. I\'m not sure I can prove there isn\'t a different question that both tells you which branch to take and distinguishes between the two kinds of villagers. However, if you only get one answer (one \"yes\" or \"no\"), I don\'t think you can get two pieces of information from it (both the branch and the type of villager). So I don\'t think it\'s possible, but I\'m not confident my reasoning rises to the level of a rigorous proof..

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