toxicology is a very important topic for pg entrance.....so all about it has been discussed in detail as required for pg entrance....do make use of it...

1. - DR.AKIF A.B

2. 1) A case of poisoning was brought to the casualty,
a gastric lavage was done, and the lavage turned black
when it was heated after being treated with silver nitrate.
The poisoning is most likely to have been due to which of
the following?
A Tik-20
B Celfos
C Malathion
D Parathion

3. Ans. B Celfos
Aluminium phosphide-
AgNo3 filter paper is turned black by fumes of suspected gastric
aspirate containing Phosphine, due to Aluminium Phosphide.
Gastric Lavage
+
Mixed with AgNO3
Heated Black color

4. -Aluminium phosphide
-3gm of celphos liberates 1 gm of phosphene which inhibits cytochrome
oxidase and causes respiratory depression.
3gm celphos 1gm phosphene Inhibits Cytochrome
Oxidase
Causes Respiratory
depression

6. 2.Q. Haemodialysis is mandatory in which poisoning?
A Copper sulphate poisoning
B Ethanol poisoning
C Amphetamine poisoning
D Organophosphorus poisoning

7. Ans. B Ethanol poisoning

8. B = Barbiturates
L = Lithium
A = Alcohol
S = Salicylates
T = Thiophylline/Thiocyanate

9. HEMODIALYSIS IS C.I
in POISONS
erosene
enzodiaepine
hloroquine/CuSO4
eroin

10. 3.Q. Widmark’s formula is used for measurement of blood levels of:
A Benzodiazepines
B Barbiturates
C Alcohol
D Tranquilizers

11. Ans. ALCOHOL

12. WIDMARK FORMULA
A = P C R
Wt. of
alcohol Body wt.
Conc.of
alcohol
Constant, Males=0.6
Females= 0.5

13. -Best method for alcohol estimation = Gas chromatography
- Amitabh = Alcohol dehydrogenase
-K = Kozelka test
-B = Breath analysis test
-C = Cavett test
Based on Henry’s
Law

14. 4.Q. Which of the following beverages contains the
maximum percentage of alcohol:
A Whisky
B Brandy
C Wine
D Rum

15. Ans. D Rum
Rum = 50-60% alcohol.
Whisky, Gin, Brandy = 40-45%.
Port, Sherry = 20%.
Wine = 10-15%.
Beers = 4-8%.

16. 5.Q. In carbolic acid poisoning, pupils are:
A Constricted and pin-point
B Semi-dilated
C Dilated and not responding to light
D Irregularly shaped

17. Ans. Constricted and Pin- Point Pupil

18. F = Formaldehyde
B = Barbiturates
.
C =Carbolic Acid
O = Organophosphorus
M = Opium

19. 6.Q. Glass-blowers shakes’ are seen in poisoning due to:
A Lead
B Mercury
C Arsenic
D Copper

20. Ans. B Mercury

21. -Donovan solution = Mercury + Arsenic
-MC mercuric salt causing poisoning is = HgCl2
Mu = Minimata Disease
Mmy = Mercuria Lentis
H = Hatter Shake
E = Erethism
A = Acrodynia
D = Danbury Tremors
- Blue-Black line on gums.

22. MINIMATA DISEASE
Minimata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury
poisoning.
Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle
weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to
hearing and speech.

23. MINIMATA DISEASE

24. MERCURIA LENTIS
-deposition of brown pigment on anterior lens capsule without affecting
visual acuity.
- Brown malt reflex.

25. HATTER SHAKE
Tremor (Intentional, coarse, affecting arms, hands, tongue and later legs,
also called hatter's shake/glass blower's shake/danbury tremors)
ERETHISM
Erethism : Psychological disturbance characterised by shyness, timidness,
loss of memory, depression, insomnia.

26. Acrodynia (Pink disease, characterised by pain, paraesthesia, pinkish
discolouration of hands and feets)

27. 1) Lead
2) Mercury
3) Iron
4) copper

28. 7.Q. In chronic lead poisoning, there is increased urinary excretion of:
A Coproporphyrin
B Protoporphyrin
C Prophobilinogen
D Uroporphyrin

29. A) Coproporphyrin

30. LAB PARAMETER VALUES REMARK
1) Coproporphyrin in
Urine
>150mcg/l Exposure to lead
2) Amino Levulinic
Acid in Urine
>5mg/l Indicates lead
absorption
3) Lead in blood >70mcg/100ml Clinical symptoms
appears
4) Lead in urine >0.8mg/l Lead exposure and
absorption
5) Basophilic
stippling of RBCs
Punctate basophilia

31. 8.Q. Hippus is seen in which poisoning:
A Abrus
B Aconite
C Alcohol
D Dhatura

32. Ans. B Aconite
Aconite- late stages Hippus is seen.

33. -Mitha(sweet) Bish / Mitha zeher
-1st Symptom is : Numbness of tongue
-Roots are poisonous
-Queen of all poisons
- Hippus Reaction + : Alternate constriction and dilatation of pupil
Also seen with Barbiturates

34. - Principle : Abrin = similar to Viper’s Venom
Extract from seeds….. Seeds are not poisonous, Only extracts are poisonous
- Used as Animal poison by needle…also k/a Sin Needle

35. -Marking nuts/ bhilawan
-Active principle : Semecarpol
-Juice of seeds produces Artificial Bruise
-Washerman uses it to mark clothes.

36. 9.Q.Antidote in Cyanide poisoning is:
A Sodium thiosulphate
B Silver nitrate
C Sodium calcium edenate
D Sodium bicarbonate

37. Ans. A Sodium thiosulphate
Cyanide/HCNQ- Amyl nitrite inhaled in handkerchief,
Sodium nitrite i.v. and through the same syringe
Sodium thiosulphate i.v., EDTA.

38. HYDROCYANIC ACID
-Also k/a Prussic Acid
-Derived from Linseed Plant
-Bitter almond smell
-Inhibits enzymes of respiratory chain : 1) Carbonic anhydrase
2) superoxide dismutase
3) Cytochrome oxidase
4) Succinate dehydrogenase
-Rx: Amyl Nitrite
+
Vit. B12
+
Na. Thiosulphate
Triple Antidote
Amyl nitrite + CN = Meth-Hb
Vit.B12 + CN = Cyanocobalamine
Na.thiosulphate +CN= Thiocyanate

39. 10) Q. Haematuria occurs from the bite of the:
A Cobra
B Krait
C Sea snake
D Viper

40. Ans. D Viper
Non-poisonous snake- Semi-circular set of bite marks.
Poisonous snake- 1 or 2 deep fang-marks.
Swallow snake venom- harmless- as not absorbed by GIT.
Most common symptom of snake bite- ‘Fright’.
Cobra- Neurotoxic, Cholinesterases; pain & swelling, paralysis,
Drooping eyelids(ptosis), larynx edema, coma, convulsions.
Krait- Neurotoxic, albuminuria, Cholinesterases; No pain & swelling,
drowsiness is more, paralysis, etc, same as for cobra.
Viper- Hemolytic, Hburia, pain & swelling, Hburia, unconsciousness, abd. pain,
No paralysis.
Sea-snakes- Myotoxic, myoglobinuria, pain

41. -found mainly in europian countries.