structure of atmosphere

1. AKHINA.P
B.ED Geography

2. Atmosphere is a gaseous envelop surrounded
earth from all side
 This atmosphere is present by the
gravitational attraction on the earth
 The life prevails on the earth only because of
the present atmosphere
 If there is no atmosphere the earth became
barren

3. Atmosphere provide all gaseous
Ozone layer act as a protecter to obstruct
ultraviolate rays from the sun
 The ultraviolate rays is very harmful for
human being
 It influence the climatic condition of the
earth

6.  Atmosphere classified into different layers
 This classification mainly based on temperature
 The main layer in the atmosphere,
• TROPOSPHERE
• STRATOSPHERE
• MESOSPHERE
• THERMOSPHERE

7.  This is the lowest layer of the atmosphere or
the atmosphere layer close to the earth
surface is called troposphere
 The ward troposphere’ is derived from the
greek ward tropos which means to turn
According to lattitude and seasons, the
height of the atmosphere is varies

8.  At poles , it is about 8 kilometres, and at
equator it is about 17 kilometre
 All weather changes take place in this layer
 These includes cloud formations, rain, snow,
hailstorm, lightning, thunder etc..
 As we go higher in the troposphere, and
therefore, the temperature drops

9.  The temperature in the troposphere
decreases steadily with increasing height,
that is for every 165 metres of height ,
temperature decreases by 1 degree celsious,
this is called NORMAL LAPSRATE
 The boundary between the troposphere and
the strstosphere is called tropopaus
meaning end or stop

10.  This is the layer that lies above the
troposphere
 It extends up to 50 km from the surface of
the earth
 This is a quiet and safe zone for aircraft to fly
as there are no disturbances due to weather
conditions

11.  In the lower part of stratosphere, the
temperature is constant, but it increases in
the upper part
 For about 30 kilometres from the surface of
the earth, the temperature remains steady.
 The ultraviolte rays from the sun absorb the
oxygen molecules and splite them into
oxygen atoms which aid the formation of
ozone.

12.  As a result the latent heat is released. This
causes rise in temperature in this part.
Ozone layer present at stratosphere. Ozone
layer mainly concentrated 15-80km.
Ozone layer act as cover to obstruct
ultraviolate rays from the sun
Upper most boundary of stratosphere is
called stratopause

13.  This is the middle layer(meso means
middle) above the stratosphere.
 It extend from 50km-80km above the sea
level
 The temperature is decreases with
increasing height

14. Thermosphere extent ,from about 80 km-
400 kms
 Above the earth surface is called ionosphere
Temperature is increases with increasing
height
 It is due to ionization process the
temperature in this part increases
considerably

15.  Ionization occurs more during the day and
the zone is inactive during night.
 The short waves in the electromagnetic
spectrum,like x-rays cause ionization.
 Ionosphere reflects radio waves.
 During day times the ionoshere is well
developed &it reflects radio waves
effectively.

16.  The thermosphere is divided into two layer
IONOSPHERE & EXOSPHERE
 Ionosphere extent between 80-640 km
 Important pecularity , number of
elecrtically charged iron particles are
concentrated in this layer
 That is why layer is called ionosphere

17.  Ionosphere again divided into different layer
 The most important radio waves are
reflected in this layer because of the
concentration of iron particles.

18.  Exosphere is the upper most layer of the
thermosphere.
 It extent above 640 km to open space
 In this layer temperature is increasing with
increasing height.

19.  The earth is unique because it has life
 Life is critically dependent on the presence
of air,water and land
 The atmosphere is the envelope of air
around the earth, held in place because of
the earth’s gravity.
 The atmosphere extent from the surface of
the earth to a height of approximately 1,600
km where it merges into space.