Food allergies and intolerances are common among the population and proper management and knowledge is very important.

1. BY: AKANSHA BHATNAGAR

3. A food allergy an adverse health reaction arising from specific
immune mediated response (IgE) that occurs due to
ingestion/exposure to a particular food or nutrient.

4. FOOD INTOLERANCE
 Digestive problem that occur after a certain food is
eaten.
 A visit to a doctor is required after a new reaction to a
particular food if the reaction is moderate or severe.
This helps determine if it’s an intolerance or a
potentially life-threatening food allergy.

5. Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction
or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions
produced by the normal immune system, including
allergies and autoimmunity. They are usually referred
to as an over- reaction of the immune system and
these reactions may be damaging, uncomfortable, or
occasionally fatal. Hypersensitivity reactions require a
pre-sensitized (immune) state of the host.

7. TYPES

8. NON ALLERGIC FOOD HYPERSENSTIVITY/FOOD
INTOLERANCE: LACTOSE INTOLERANCE
 People with lactose intolerance are unable to fully
digest the sugar (lactose) in milk. As a result, they have
diarrhea, gas and bloating after eating or drinking
dairy products. The condition, which is also called
lactose malabsorption, is usually harmless, but its
symptoms can be uncomfortable.
 Too little of an enzyme produced in your small
intestine (lactase) is usually responsible for lactose
intolerance. You can have low levels of lactase and still
be able to digest milk products. But if your levels are
too low you become lactose intolerant, leading to
symptoms after you eat or drink dairy.

9. IMMUNE MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGY
 IgE-mediated food allergies cause your child’s immune system to
react abnormally when exposed to one or more specific foods such as
milk, egg, wheat or nuts. Children with this type of food allergy will
react quickly — within a few minutes to a few hours. Immediate
reactions are caused by an allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE)
antibody that floats around in the blood stream.
 The most common food allergens include:
 Milk
 Egg
 Soy
 Wheat
 Peanut
 Tree nuts
 Fish
 Shellfish
 All of these foods can trigger anaphylaxis (a severe, whole-body
allergic reaction) in patients who are allergic.

11. Anaphylaxis
 Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic
reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of
exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or
bee stings.
 Anaphylaxis causes your immune system to release a flood
of chemicals that can cause you to go into shock — your
blood pressure drops suddenly and your airways narrow,
blocking breathing. Signs and symptoms include a rapid,
weak pulse; a skin rash; and nausea and vomiting.
Common triggers include certain foods, some medications,
insect venom and latex.

13. NON-IMMUNE MEDIATED FOOD ALLERGY: CELIAC
DISEASE
 Celiac disease, sometimes called celiac sprue or gluten-
sensitive enteropathy, is an immune reaction to eating gluten,
a protein found in wheat, barley and rye.
 In celiac disease, eating gluten triggers an immune response
in your small intestine. Over time, this reaction damages your
small intestine's lining and prevents it from absorbing some
nutrients (malabsorption). The intestinal damage often
causes diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, bloating and anemia,
and can lead to serious complications.
 In children, malabsorption can affect growth and
development, besides causing the symptoms seen in adults.
 There's no cure for celiac disease — but for most people,
following a strict gluten-free diet can help manage symptoms
and promote intestinal healing.

14. FOOD ALLERGIES TREATMENT AND
MANAGEMENT The best way to cope with a food allergy is to strictly avoid
the foods that causes a reaction. Mild reactions often will
subside without treatment. For rashes, skin creams might
ease discomfort, while antihistamines will help reduce
itching, congestion, and other symptoms. For serious
reactions, corticosteroids such as prednisone will help to
reduce swelling. In life-threatening situations, an
epinephrine injection immediately begins reversing
symptoms and is the only effective treatment option.
 Use Appropriate medications
 Evaluate for immunotherapy
 Education and follow-ups.

15. Elimination DietAn elimination diet is used to learn whether or not certain
foods may be causing your symptoms or making them
worse. If they are, the diet also can become a way to
treat these symptoms. The steps involved in this are:
1) Planning
2) Challenging
3) Avoiding
4) Creating a new long term diet plan

16. THANK YOU!