Amit Payal

1. 12.12.2018
Presentation on Cement Test Certificate of
Wonder Cement (PPC).
Presented By:-
Pawan Dhillon(CSE- Hanumangarh) Krishna Soni(CSE- Jaipur)

2. Test Certificate
• Every cement company is continuously testing the cement
manufactured in their factory. They keep a good record of both
physical and chemical properties of the cement manufactured
applying a batch number.
• Batch number indicates date, month and year. They also issue test
certificate. Every purchaser is eligible to demand test certificate.
• The properties of cements, particularly the strength property is
tested as per the procedures given by BIS.

4. Batch Number on PPC
• Date,Week,Month is Provided on
Side Strip of the Bag of cement.
(A) 10 Denote Day.
(B) 41 Denote Week.
(C) 10 Denote month
• It is mention as Report No. in test
Certificate.

5. PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT
• PORTLAND POZZOLANA CEMENT is a Blended cement which uses
Flyash as its blending material to enhance some Quality.
• Flyash used in the manufacture of fly ash based Portland pozzolana
cement shall conform to IS 3812 (Part 1).
• IS 1489 (Part-1):2015 is Used for Flyash Based Cement.
• This standard covers the manufacture and chemical and physical
requirements of Portland pozzolana cement using fly ash as
pozzolana

6. Properties Of Cement
• As Cement is a popular binding material so it has Chemical as well as
Physical Properties and they are as follows.
Properties of Cement
Physical
Properties
Chemical
Properties
1.Fineness
2.Soundness
3.Setting Time
4.Compressive strength
5.Standard Consistency
6.Drying Shrinkage
1.Insoluble Residue
2.Magnesia
3.Total Sulphur Content
4.Loss of Ignition
5.Chloride Content
6.Alkali Content

7. Physical Properties of Cement
• Different blends of cement used in construction are
characterized by their physical properties.
• Some key parameters control the quality of cement.
• The physical properties of good cement are based on:

8. IS CODES FOR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
IS CODE TITLE
4031 Methods of physical tests for hydraulic cement
(Part 2) : 1999 (Reaff:2013) Determination of fineness by specific surface by Blaine
air permeability method
(Part 3) : 1988(Reaff:2014) Determination of soundness
(Part 5) : 1988 (Reaff:2014) Determination of initial and final setting times
(Part 6) : 1988 (Reaff:2014) Determination of compressive strength of hydraulic
cement
(Part 10) : 1988 (Reaff:2014) Determination of drying shrinkage
(Part 4):1988 (Reaff:2014) Determination of standard consistency

9. 1. Fineness of Cement
• The size of the particles of the cement is its fineness.
• The required fineness of good cement is achieved through grinding the
clinker in the last step of cement production process.
• As per IS 1489(PT-1):2015 the minimum fineness of PPC cement is 300 SQ.M/KG.
• As hydration rate of cement is directly related to the cement particle size,
fineness of cement is very important.
• Finer cement offers a greater surface area for hydration and hence faster the
development of strength.

10. Fineness
• Maximum number of particles in a sample of cement should have a
size less than about 100 microns. The smallest particle may have a
size of about 1.5 microns.
• As in WCL test certificate the Fineness is 349 Sq.m/Kg.
• High Fineness result into increase in Drying Shrinkage so it is
suggested that about 25-30% of particles should of less than 7 micron
size.
• Fineness is tested by two methods
1. Blaine air permeability method. (IS 4031(Pt-2):1999)
2.Dry sieving Fineness test (IS 4031(Pt-1))

11. Tests
Blaines Air Appartus Seive Appartus

12. Blaine Air permeability apparatus
(IS 4031-Part 2:1999).
• This method of test covers the procedure for determining the
fineness of cement as represented by specific surface expressed as
total surface area in sq. cm/gm or m2/kg of cement.
• This appartus can be used for measuring the specific surface of
cement.
• The principle is based on the relation between the flow of air through
the cement bed and the surface area of the particles comprising the
cement bed.

13. 2.Standard Consistency
• The standard consistency of a cement paste is defined as that consistency which
will permit a Vicat plunger having 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length to
penetrate to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top of the mould.
• Used to find out the percentage of water required to produce a cement paste of
standard consistency.
• This is also called normal consistency (CPNC).
• Vicat Appartus is used to find out the percentage of
water required to produce a cement paste of standard
consistency.
• From this Standard Consistency we can Find out other
Properties like soundness,Setting time & strength of
Cement.

14. Vicats Appartus test (IS 4031(Part 4):1988)
• For first trial, take about 500gms of
cement & water of 24%by weight of
cement.
• Fill it in Vicat’s mould with in 3-5min. After
filling, shake the mould to expel air.
• A standard plunger, 10 mm diameter, 50
mm long is attached and brought down to
touch the surface of the paste and quickly
released.
• Note the reading according to depth of
penetration of the plunger.

15. • Conduct trials continuously by taking different water cement ratios till the
plunger penetrates for a depth of 33-35mm from top.
• This particular percentage is known as percentage of water required to produce
cement paste of standard consistency.
• This is usually denoted as ‘P’.
o SUITABLE CONDITIONS
• Conducted in a constant temperature of 27+2C.
• Constant Humidity 90%.

16. 3.Setting Time of Cement
• An arbitraty division has been made for the setting time of cement.
1. INITIAL SETTING TIME
• The time elapsed between the moment that the water is added to the
cement, to the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity.
• Normally a minimum of 30min has maintained for mixing & handling
operations.
• It should not be less than 30min.
• In WCL it is 160 min.
• Initial setting time can be tested by using Vicats apparatus.

17. Initial Setting Time by Vicats Appartus
(IS 4031(Part 5) : 1988)
• Take 500 gm. of cement sample and guage it with 0.85 times the water required to produce cement
paste of standard consistency (0.85 P). The paste shall be gauged and filled into the Vicat mould in
specified manner within 3-5 minutes. Start the stop watch
• The temperature of water and that of the test room, at the time of gauging shall be within 27°C ± 2°C.
Lower the needle gently and bring it in contact with the surface of the test block and quickly release.
• Allow it to penetrate into the test block. In the beginning, the needle will completely pierce through
the test block. But after some time when the paste starts losing its plasticity, the needly may
penetrate only to a depth of 33-35 mm from the top.
• The period elapsing between the time when water is added to the cement and the time at which the
needle penetrates the test block to a depth equal to 33-35 mm from the top is taken as initial setting
time.

18. 2. Final setting time
• The time elapsed between the moment the water is added to the
cement, and the time when the paste has completely lost its plasticity
and has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain definite pressure
.
• It should not exceed 600 min. So that it is avoided from least
vulnerable to damages from external activities.
• In WCL it is 215 Min.

19. Final setting time by
Vicats Appartus
(IS 4031(Part 5) : 1988)
• Replace the needle of the Vicat
appartus by a circular attachment
shown in the
• The cement shall be considered as
finally set when, upon, lowering the
attachment gently cover the surface of
the test block, the centre needle makes
an impression.
• while the circular cutting edge of the
attachment fails to do so.
• In other words the paste has attained
such hardness that the centre needle
does not pierce through the paste
more than 0.5 mm.

20. 2.Soundness of Cement
• Soundness of cement is the ability of a hardened paste to retain its volume after
setting. .
• This test is to ensure that the cement does not show any subsequent expansions.
• The unsoundness in cement is due to the presence of excess of lime combined
with acidic oxide at the kiln.
• This is due to high proportion of magnesia & calcium sulphate. Therefore
magnesia content in cement is limited to 6%, Gypsum 3-5%.
• Unsoundness in cement is due to excess of lime,excess of magnesia or excessive
proportion of sulphates.
• A good quality cement, the Soundness should not exceed 10 mm when tested
from Le-chatlier Appartus and 0.8 % from Autoclave Method.
• In WCL PPC it is 1mm & 0.03% as in Test Certificate.

21. Le Chatelier Test
(IS 4031(Part 3) : 1988)
• This method, done by using Le Chatelier
Apparatus, tests the expansion of cement due
to lime. Cement paste (normal consistency) is
taken between glass slides and submerged in
water for 24 hours at 27+5°C.
• It is taken out to measure the distance
between the indicators and then returned
under water, brought to boil in 25-30 mins
and boiled for an hour. After cooling the
device, the distance between indicator points
is measured again. In a good quality cement,
the distance should not exceed 10 mm.
• This method detect unsoundness due to free
lime only not for magnesia.

22. Autoclave Test
• If magnesia content is more than 3% then autoclave method is
used.
• In this test a neat cement specimen 25*25*282 mm is placed
in a standard autoclave and the steam pressure inside the
autoclave is raised in such
• A rate as to bring the gauge pressure of the steam to(2.1+0.1)
MPA to maintain for 1 hour from the time the heat is turned
on.
• This pressure is maintained for 3 hours. The autoclave is
cooled and the length measured again.
• The high steam pressure accelerates the hydration of both
magnesia and lime.

23. Strength of Cement
• This is the most important of all properties of hardened cement.
• Due to excessive shrinkage and cracking the strength tests are not
made on heat cement paste.
• Standard sand is used for finding the strength of cement.
• Strength tests are not carried out on neat cement pastes, because it is
very difficult to form these pastes due to cohesive property of
cement.
• Strength tests are carried out on cement mortar prepared by
standard gradation (1 part cement+3 parts sand+1/2 part water)

24. PROCEDURE (IS 4031(Part 6) : 1988)
• Take 555gms of standard sand. 185gms of cement (i.e., 1:3 ratio of cement
and sand)
• Mix them for 1min, then add water of quantity (P/4)+3.0% of weight of
mortar.
• Mix three ingredients thoroughly until the mixture is of uniform colour.
• The time of mixing should not be 4 min.
• Then the mortar is filled into a cube mould of 7.06cm.
• Compact the mortar using Mechnical Compactor.
• Keep the compacted cube in the mould at a temperature of 27°C ± 2°C and
at least 90 per cent relative humidity for 24 hours.
• After 24 hours the cubes are removed & immerse in water and test the
cube on 3rd,7th,& 28th day and Note reading of strength.

25. Compressive Strength
Mortar cube Vibrating
Machine
Days Compressive
Strength(IS 1489 Part-
1) (MPA)
Compressive Strength
observed
(MPA)
3rd day Min.16 28.00
7th day Min.22 37
28th day Min.33 Awaited

26. Dry shrinkage:-

27. Dry shrinkage:-
• Just as the hydration of cement is an ever lasting process, the drying
shrinkage is also an ever lasting process when concrete is subjected to
drying conditions.
• Under drying conditions, the gel water is lost progressively over a long
time, as long as the concrete is kept in drying conditions.
• IS 4031-10 (1988): Methods of PHYSICAL TESTS for hydraulic cement,
Part 10: Determination of drying shrinkage.

28. Chemical Properties of Cement
• The raw materials for cement production are limestone (calcium), sand or clay
(silicon), bauxite (aluminum) and iron ore, and may include shells, chalk, marl,
shale, clay, blast furnace slag, slate. Chemical analysis of cement raw materials
provides insight into the chemical properties of cement.
• When tested in accordance with the methods given in IS 4032, Portland
pozzolana cement, shall comply with the chemical requirement such as follows:
1. Insoluble Residue
2. Magnesia
3. Total Sulphur content
4. Loss of Ignition
5. Chloride content
6. Alkali Content

29. Insoluble residue (IS 4032 (1985))
• A material which is not soluble in acid and alkali is known as insoluble residue.
• Insoluble residue is non cementing material which is present in Portland cement.
• It decreases the early strength of cement.
• The limit of insoluble residue should be between Max (X+4.0(100-X)/100), Min 0.6X
Where X- Declared Fly Ash as per IS 1489(Part-1):2015
• It comes from limestone, fly ash, volcanic clay etc
• For PPC it should be between Max (X+4.0(100-X)/100), Min 0.6X
Where X- Declared Fly Ash.
• The Insoluble residue present in Wonder PPC is 31.15%.

30. Magnesia (IS 4032 (1985))
• The manufacturing process of Portland cement uses magnesia as a raw material in
dry process plants.
• An excess amount of magnesia may make the cement unsound and expansive, but a
little amount of it can add strength to the cement.
• Production of MgO-based cement also causes less CO2 emission. All cement is
limited to a content of 6% MgO as per IS 1489(prt-1):2015 & in Wonder PPC it is
found as 1.08%.
• Magnesia can be tested by two method.
1.Gravemetric method
2.EDTA method

31. Loss of Ignition (IS 4032 (1985))
• Heating a cement sample at 900 - 1000°C ( that is, until a
constant weight is obtained) causes weight loss.
• This loss of weight upon heating is calculated as loss of ignition.
• Improper and prolonged storage or adulteration during transport or
transfer may lead to prehydration and carbonation, both of which
might be indicated by increased loss of ignition.
• IS 4032 (1985): Method of chemical analysis of hydraulic cement.
• As per Is 1489 Part-1:2015 the maximum value of LOI is 5%. And in
Wonder PPC it is seen as 1.69%.

32. Chloride Content (IS 4032 (1985))
• Higher chloride content leads to corrosion of steel.
• The origin of chloride is mainly from cement raw material.
• Chloride added to the concrete at the time of mixing.
• This includes calcium chloride accelerating admixtures, contamination
of aggregates and the use of sea water or other saline contaminated water.
• As Per IS 1489(Part-1):2015 the permissible limit of chloride content is 0.1 % and in Wonder
PPC it is 0.01% .

33. Sulphur Content (IS 4032 (1985))
• Sulfur trioxide in excess amount can make cement unsound.
• SO3 is an acidic oxide. It is found in gaseous state and affinity to
combine with water.
• With water it produces sulphuric acid.
• Cement is alkaline in nature, in chemical reaction results in the
formation of water soluble calcium compounds that are leached
away. Sulphuric acid accelerates deterioration.
• As per IS (1489 Part-1:2015) the maximum Sulphur content is 3.5%.
• In WCL it is found to be 2.35% which is good.

34. Alkali Content (IS 4032 (1985))
• Higher presence of alkalis leads to internal expansions and cracking in concrete due to
reaction between silica and alkali.
• The origin of alkali is mainly from cement raw
material and fuels.
• Alkali value of wonder PPC is 0.66%.

35. Effects of Alkali
• Air content increases
• Bleeding decreases
• Heat of hydration increases
• Alkali Silica reaction increases
• Changes in setting time
• Shrinkage decreases
• Early Strength up, late strength downs
• Water requirement increases
• Workability decreases