linux

1. A
SEMINAR
ON
“REDHAT LINUX & NIS
SERVER”
PRESENTED TO :
HEAD, DEPTT. OF MCA
 PRESENTED BY :
 Priyanka bhadoriya

2. ABOUT LINUX
Linux was originally built by Linus
Torvalds at the University of Helsinki in
1991.
Linux is a Unix-like, Kernel-based, fully
memory-protected, multitasking operating
system
It runs on a wide range of hardware from
PCs to Macs.

3. FEATURES OF LINUX
 Linux is “OPEN SOURCE".
 Security
 Multi-user facility
 Free of Cost
 Virus-proof
 Choice of user-decided GUI
 Supports multiple copies of the Kernel

4. KERNEL OVERVIEW
 Kernel is the core of the Linux Operating
System. Kernel controls all hardware, enforce
security, and allocate memory.
 Kernel Duties:
Process Management:- scheduling, memory,
security, system
calls.
Hardware:- drivers, networking, file systems,
buffers, cache.

5. LINUX FILE SYSTEM
 /bin :- It contains all binary and executable
files.
 /sbin:- It contains all system executable and
binary files.
 /etc :- It contains all configuration files.
 /lib :- It contains the location for library
files.
 /boot:- It contains linux boot file and linux
kernel.

6.  /dev :- It contents all device files. eg.
CDROM, Harddisk.
 /var :- It contents login files and mails.
 /opt :- It contents typical location of
optional packages.
 /home:- It contents typical location for all users.
 /mnt :- It is a mount directory used to mount
CDROM , Floppy.
 /user/local:-It shows default location for
administrators.
Contd…

7. LINUX SHELL
 SHELL:- Shell is an interface between
the user and the kernel.
 TYPES OF SHELL
 bash
 sh
 nologin
 tcsh
 csh
 ksh

8. USERS,GROUPS AND
PERMISSIONS
 USERS
The concept of user accounts was created to
allow many individuals to share these precious
computing resources.
 TYPES OF USERS
Primary :- root (administrator)
Secondary :- other users

9. Contd….
 GROUPS
Sometimes users need to collaborate. This can
be accomplished by having users assigned to
groups and setting appropriate group
permissions for files or directories.
TYPES
User private group :- For private grouping.
Primary group :- By default.

10. Contd..
 PERMISSIONS
Permissions are used to restrict the files
user, files group and everyone else.
r: permission to read a file.
w: permission to write a file.
x: permission to execute a program or
change into a directory.
-: no permission

11. RAID DEVICE
 RAID (Redundant area of independent disks)
Raid Device are used to store the data in multiple storage
device simultaneously.
 TYPES OF RAID
RAID 0
RAID 1
RAID 5
RAID 6

12. LVM CONCEPT
 LVM (Logical Volume Manager)
It is a concept used by Linux to obtain the
maximum use of memory storage.
L.V.M. collects all the memory unallocated and
combines to form a volume group.
This volume group is Dynamic in size.

13. SNAPSHOT CONCEPT
 It is a new feature added in RHEL5 & RHEL5.2
 Snapshot provides the facility to save the
memory by reducing a big amount of data into a
very smaller memory space making a snap.
 We can only read the data.

14. LINUX
SERVER
CONFIGURATION

15. TYPES OF SERVERS
 NIS SERVER
 NFS SERVER
 DNS SERVER
 FTP SERVER
 DHCP SERVER
 SSH SERVER
 TELNET & XINETD SERVER
 SMTP SERVER
 SAMBA SERVER
 WEB SERVER

16. NIS SERVER
Network Information System(NIS)
NIS Server is Used to manage account &
system information on multiple system from a
central Server.
Software Required :- rpm –q portmap
rpm –q ypserv
Configuration File :- vim /etc/sysconfig/Network
vim /var/yp/Makefile
Service :- service portmap restart
service ypserv restart
service yppasswdd restart

17. SCREENSHOTS

26. NFS SERVER
 Network File Sharing (NFS)
NFS Server is used to share the directories on
the network locally or globally.
Software Required :- rpm –q portmap
rpm –q nfs-utils
Configuration File :- vi /etc/exports
Service :- service portmap start
service nfs start

27. DNS SERVER
DNS(Domain Name System)
 Resolves hostnames into IP addresses
(Forward Lookup).
 Resolves IP addresses into hostnames
(Reverse Lookup).
 Allow machines to be logically grouped by
name domains.
 Provides E-Mail routing information.

28. Contd..
 Software Required :- rpm –q bind
rpm –q bind-
utils

Configuration File :- vi /etc/named.conf
vi /var/named/*
vi /etc/rndc.*
vi /etc/resolv.conf
 Script : named
 Ports : 53(domain), 953(rndc)

29. DHCP SERVER
 DHCP : Dynamic Host Configuring Protocol,
implemented via dhcpd
 It assigns IP address for its clients.
 In a Network , A computer needs information
like
I.P. address , dns server ,gate way,
subnetmask to
communicate to other computers.
 DHCP automatically give all client computers
on

30. Contd..
Obtaining an initial address
 Client broadcasts DISCOVER to locate theClient broadcasts DISCOVER to locate the
server.server.
 Server reply with its IP.Server reply with its IP.
 Client sends REQUEST for address on theClient sends REQUEST for address on the
received IP.received IP.
 Server commits allocation & returns ACKServer commits allocation & returns ACK
containing IP, Subnet Mask, DNS, Gateway etc.containing IP, Subnet Mask, DNS, Gateway etc.

32. FTP SERVER
 File transfer protocol (FTP) is a common method of
copying files between computer systems.
 TYPES OF FTP
Regular FTP:- This is used primarily to allow specific users
to download files to their systems.
Anonymous FTP:- This is used primarily to allow any
remote user to download files to their systems.

33. Contd..
Software Required :- rpm –q vsftpd
Configuration File :- vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
Service :- service vsftpd start

34. SSH SERVER
 SSH (Secure shell server) is used to access the full
control on the remote machine on network.
Software Required :- rpm –q openssh
rpm –q openssl
rpm –q openssh-server
rpm –q openssh-clients
Configuration File :- vi /etc/ssh/sshd-config
Service :- service sshd start

35. TELNET & XINETD SERVER
 XINETD
Xinetd is a program used to start and stop a variety of
Linux data communication applications. Some of these
applications, such as TELNET, are installed by default in
Red Hat Linux.
Software Required :- rpm –q telnet
rpm –q telnet-server
Configuration File :- vi /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
vi /etc/securetty
Service :- service xinetd start

36. SMTP SERVER

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol(SMTP) is used to send or
retrieve the received mails on the network.
Based on two Services
Pop:- Post Office Protocol
imap:- Internet message acess protocol
Software Required :- rpm –q sendmail
rpm –q sendmail-cf
rpm –q m4
rpm –q make
rpm –q procmail
Configuration File :- vi /etc/mail/sendmail.cf
vi /etc/mail/access
Service :- service sendmail restart

37. SAMBA SERVER
 To share the files and directories of linux with
window or other operating system then we use
samba server.
Software Required :- rpm –q samba
rpm –q samba-common
rpm –q samba-client
Configuration File :- vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

38. Apache Web Server
 Apache is Redhat Standard Web Server
 According to Net craft Web server survey
Apache is the most widely used Web
server.
 More than 50% Web sites are hosted on Apache
Web Server
 Apache is Free.
 Apache is extremely powerful and extendable.
 Easily available with any Linux distribution.

39. Configuration Of Apache
 Packages : httpd
 Default Port Number : 80
 Configuration Directory : /etc/httpd/
 Main Configuration File :
etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
 Service Daemon : httpd

40. THANKS FOR KIND
ATTENTION….

41. QUERIES
???......?