Part of Slide deck for Environmental Studies for Under graduate studies.

1. Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel
ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in
Air Pollution-1
Sesion-11:
Environmental Studies & Disaster
Management
Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel
ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in

2. What is Air?
• Nitrogen 78%
• Oxygen 21%
• Argon 0.9%
• Carbon Dioxide 0.04%
• Trace amounts of other gases
• SomeWaterVapour
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3. What is Pollution
• Introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that can cause adverse change.
• Pollution can take the form of
• chemical substances or
• energy, e.g. noise, heat, light
• Particles such as Dust
• Pollutants (the components of pollution)
• foreign substances/energies
• naturally occurring contaminants.
• Pollution is often classed as:
• point source
• nonpoint source pollution.
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4. Major forms of Pollution
• Air Pollution
• Light Pollution
• Noise Pollution
• Plastic Pollution
• Soil Contamination
• Radioactive contamination
• Thermal Contamination
• Visual Pollution
• Waster Pollution
• Littering
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5. What is Air Pollution
• Release of pollutants into air
• Detrimental to human health, bio-diversity and the planet
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6. Air Pollutants
• Energy use and production
• Climate change also increases the production of allergenic air pollutants
• mould (damp conditions caused by extreme weather and increased flooding)
• pollen (due to a longer pollen season and more pollen production).
• Smog
• forms when the weather is warmer and there’s more ultraviolet radiation
• emissions from combusting fossil fuels react with sunlight.
• Soot, or “particulate matter,” is made up of tiny particles
• chemicals, soil, smoke, dust, or allergens, in the form of gas or solids
• Smog and Soot come from
• cars and trucks, factories, power plants, incinerators, engines, burning agricultural by-
products
• Fossil fuels such as coal, gas, or natural gas,”
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7. Impact of Air Pollution
• Carbon dioxide and methane raises the earth’s temperature
• Health Impact
• penetrate the lungs and bloodstream
• worsen bronchitis
• lead to heart attacks
• irritate the eyes, skin and throat
• blood disorders
• cancers
• hasten death.
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8. Hazardous air pollutants
• Deadly or have severe health risks even in small amounts.
• Almost 200 are regulated by law in USA, and ______ in India.
• Common are mercury, lead, dioxins, and benzene.
• Dioxins can: (In small amounts)
• affect the liver
• harm the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems,
• reproductive functions.
• Lead can:
• In large amounts: damage children’s brains and
• in small amounts: children’s IQ and ability to learn.
• Mercury
• central nervous system.
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9. Annual Average PM2.5 concentrations in 2017
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10. Green House Gases (GHG)
• Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases.
• Carbon dioxide (CO2),
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Fluorinated gases
• Water vapor (H2O),
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11. Green House Gases (GHG)
• Each gas's effect on climate change depends on
• How much is in the atmosphere? Concentration, or abundance,
• How long do they stay in the atmosphere?
• How strongly do they impact the atmosphere?
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13. Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector in 2017
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Source: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017.

14. Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Economic Sector in 2017
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Source: Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017.

15. Global Emissions
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16. Total U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 19990-2017
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All emission estimates from the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2017.

17. Trends in Global Emissions
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18. Trends in Global Emissions: Comparison between Global and USA
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19. Thank you
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Prof. Ajay Mohan Goel
ajay.goel@bmu.edu.in