Weitere ähnliche Inhalte Kürzlich hochgeladen (20) Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region1. THE MISSION GROUP
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Presentation to the
Regional Transportation Commission of Southern Nevada
Fixed-Guideway Transit
for the Las Vegas Region
Getting from Here to There
Alan Hoffman
alan@missiongrouponline.com
11 June 2009
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 1
3. What Kind of Network
Would Get Us There?
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 3
4. Connectivity:
The Double Challenge
Connect as many places that Place access where it needs
matter in as few years as to be, not “near” where it
possible needs to be
GOAL: GOAL:
Shape regional growth and The system really becomes
solve regional problems useful and convenient
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 4
5. Transit & Land Use:
Weak Strategy
If you haven’t made transit Don’t expect transit to
a convenient means of travel shape urban growth, as the
among key regional centers auto will remain the defining
and destinations… transportation mode.
If transit systems are unable to provide superior connectivity
among a core set of points, they are unlikely to shape
the future growth of that region.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 5
6. Transit & Land Use:
Strong Strategy
If you figure out a way to hook …then transit can begin to
your principle centers together shape urban growth, given the
as directly, rapidly, and usefulness of that system to
frequently as possible… its region.
Cities that develop strategies to connect their component
parts as quickly as possible create truly useful transit
systems—and markets tend to respond to such usefulness.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 6
7. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 7
8. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 8
9. Is All Rail Light Rail?
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 9
10. Light Rail
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 10
11. Heavy Rail
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 11
13. High Speed Rail
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 13
15. Health Line BRT – Cleveland
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 15
16. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 16
17. LRT/Heavy Rail & Most BRT
Especially Effective: Challenges:
Dense Corridors Available Right-of-Way
Extensive Feeders Operating Subsidies
Relatively Short Trips Serving Dispersed Zones
Special Events Serving the Periphery
Well-Located Stations Costs of “Getting Closer”
Redevelopment Zones Getting Residents to Ride
Transit-Dependents Attracting Choice Riders
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 17
18. Commuter Rail
Long-Distance Commutes
Trades Off Frequency for Speed
Often Require Distribution Networks
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 18
19. Streetcar
Supports Linear (Not Nodal) Development
Excellent for Local Distribution & Short Trips
Often Confused with Light Rail
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 19
20. The Great Strategic Choice:
Force or Attract
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 20
21. Calgary:
The Highest Ridership
Light Rail System in the U.S./Canada
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 21
22. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 22
23. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 23
24. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 24
25. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 25
27. Calgary: Forcing Ridership
Some Transit-Adjacent,
Poor integration with but Little True
surrounding land uses Transit-Oriented
Development (TOD)
Little Impact
Requires Extensive
Outside the Downtown:
Feeder System
Challenge to Planners
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 27
28. How Do You Attract
Someone to Transit?
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 28
29. Findings from Market Research
ATLANTA
SAN DIEGO
1/6 2/3 will use transit 1/6 will
prefer if and when it never use
transit meets their needs: transit
“… quickly “…and I
“Get me
and don’t want to feel
from point A
make me good about
to point B…”
wait…” it.”
A B NEXT VEHICLE:
< 10 minutes
Network System
Customer
Structure Performance
Experience
(Connectivity) (Time)
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 29
30. Building Effective Transit
“… quickly “…and I
“Get me
and don’t want to feel
from point A
make me good about
to point B…”
wait…” it.”
Network System
Customer
A Structure B Performance
1(;7 9(+,&/(
Experience
(Connectivity) (Time)V
PLX H
QW
How Can We
How Can We How Can We
How Can We
How Do We
How Do We How Do We
How Do We
Make Transit
Make Transit Ensure People
Ensure People
Connect the
Connect the Reduce Wait
Reduce Wait
Faster than
Faster than Will Respond
Will Respond
Region?
Region? Time?
Time?
Driving?
Driving? to It?
to It?
If transit can be not merely convenient or useful, but
indispensable, it can add to quality of life—and create real value.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 30
31. Los Angeles:
A Cautionary Tale
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 31
32. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 32
33. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 33
34. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 34
35. To get to LAX from
Panorama City via
Rapid Transit:
1. Local Bus
2. Metro Orange
Line BRT
3. Metro Red Line
Heavy Rail
4. Metro Blue Line
Light Rail
5. Metro Green Line
Light Rail
6. Shuttle Bus
Stopping at all stops!
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 35
36. It’s Not the Mode,
It’s the Network
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 36
37. Build It…But Do They Ride?
June 30, 2007
Near the rails but still on the road
Research casts doubt on the region's strategy of pushing transit-oriented residential projects to get
people out of cars.
A dozen of the county's most powerful civic leaders— including the
mayor of Los Angeles, L.A. City Council members and county
supervisors—touted the latest and glitziest new development in
Hollywood: the planned W Hotel and apartments at the storied
corner of Hollywood and Vine.
This project, they pledged at the groundbreaking earlier this
year, would restore a sagging neighborhood while also minimizing
traffic—an important promise in increasingly gridlocked
Hollywood.
“People could live here and never use their cars,” declared MTA
Chief Executive Roger Snoble at the February event.
It’s a vision expressed frequently by local government officials, quarter mile of transit stations between 2001 and 2005.
who see building large mixed-use developments next to mass transit But there is little research to back up the rosy predictions.
lines as a key solution for not just the region's traffic congestion but Among the few academic studies of the subject, one that looked at
also its spread-out geography and reputation for being unfriendly to buildings in the Los Angeles area showed that transit-based
pedestrians. development successfully weaned relatively few residents from
In Los Angeles alone, billions of public and private dollars have their cars. It also found that, over time, no more people in the
been lavished on transit-oriented projects such as Hollywood buildings studied were taking transit 10 years after a project opened
Vine, with more than 20,000 residential units approved within a than when it was first built.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 37
39. Mission Valley
Mission Valley, because of
Mission Valley, because of Actual land area within
its shape, appears to be a
its shape, appears to be a 5-minute walk of station
linear corridor, and hence
linear corridor, and hence
well-servicable by light rail.
well-servicable by light rail.
¼ mile radius
of Station
In fact, Mission Valley is
In fact, Mission Valley is
much thicker than a tradi-
much thicker than a tradi-
Major non-retail tional transit corridor. All
tional transit corridor. All
employment but a small share of non-
but a small share of non-
retail employment is within
retail employment is within
a 1/4 mile radius of a
a 1/4 mile radius of a
station, let alone 1/6 mile.
station, let alone 1/6 mile.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 39
40. ½ Mile
½ Mile
¼ Mile
¼ Mile
Radius
Radius
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 40
41. How Much Time Do You Have?
1:55
ES
IL
M
6
Source for times: Best case light rail
trip from www.sdcommute.com
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 41
42. “Choice Riders” on the Trolley
% of Trolley Riders Who “Had an Auto Available” for Their Trip
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0% 1995 2003
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 42
43. It’s About the Network
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 43
44. Connecting
Enough Places Station Travel Time for
(both Origins Location Longer Trips
Destinations)
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 44
46. Characterizing
the Transit
Challenge
“The Box”
Residential density
“The Core”
Most employment
“Beyond the Box”
Lower housing density
but 2/3 of residents
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 46
47. 2005 EmploymentDensity
2005 Population Density Characterizing
the Transit
Challenge
“The Box”
Higher residential
densities but only 1/3
of region’s residents
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 47
48. 2005 Employment Density Characterizing
the Transit
Challenge
“The Box”
Residential density
“The Core”
45% of regional
employment
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 48
49. Characterizing
the Transit
Challenge
“The Box”
Residential density
Grid Transit “makes sense”
“The Core”
Most employment
Frontdoor vs. Backdoor
“Beyond the Box”
Lower housing density
How to “collect” people?
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 49
50. 2 mile
radius
LAS VEGAS REGIONAL EXPRESS TRANSIT SYSTEM
The ACExpress Network is the region’s
rapid express system. It connects
specially-located stations (mostly Beyond
the Box) with the key stations in the Core.
ACExpress stations will be designed to
appeal to both auto-access and transit-
access markets. They are located so that
most residents of the urbanized areas
Beyond the Box are within two miles of a
station.
Station
Fixed-Guideway Transit
Stop
June 2009 50
54. Streetcar
Opportunities
Approximate
Streetcar
Opportunity
Zone
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 54
55. Idealized
Infrastructure
Freeway-Based
Arterial Treatments
Intense Treatments,
including possibly
grade separation
Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 55
58. Brisbane: Quickways
“Brisbane is now at the leading edge in
urban mass transit… the new busway… will attract
international attention for the level of
quality and customer focus that [has been]
incorporated.”
— Hans Rat, Secretary General
International Public
Transport Association (IUTP)
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 58
59. Anatomy of a Quickway
Full Grade
Full Grade Passing
Passing Full-on
Full-on High-
High-
Separation
Separation Lanes
Lanes “Rapid
“Rapid Speed
Speed
from Autos
from Autos at
at Transit”
Transit” Road
Road
Pedestrians
Pedestrians Stations
Stations Stations
Stations Geometries
Geometries
Access is
Access is Stations are
Stations are
restricted to
restricted to directly tied
directly tied
trained
trained to supportive
to supportive
drivers only
drivers only land uses
land uses
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 59
60. What Makes Quickways Different?
Operating Costs Ridership
Time (Subsidy)
(Subsidy) (Revenues)
(Revenues)
Quickways systematically and continuously reduce transit travel time so
as to better manage operating costs and attract large numbers of new riders.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 60
61. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 61
62. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 62
63. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 63
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73. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 73
74. Brisbane relies on significant use of tunnels to
Brisbane relies on significant use of tunnels to
produce a Quickway infrastructure that is fast
produce a Quickway infrastructure that is fast
and direct, reducing bus operating costs and
and direct, reducing bus operating costs and
attracting more riders due to time savings.
attracting more riders due to time savings.
© 2005 by The Mission Group
2009 Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 74
75. Brisbane rejected the use of freeway medians
Brisbane rejected the use of freeway medians
or roadways for its core Quickways to speed
or roadways for its core Quickways to speed
access and better locate stations.
access and better locate stations.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 75
76. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 76
77. at the Busiest Spot
Comparison: Peak Ridership during the Busiest Hour
in the Peak Direction
7,800 18,000 2,700
6-Lane Freeway Southeast Busway SD
(2-lane) Trolley
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 77
78. Brisbane: Ridership Growth
2008 Ridership:
Rail: 60 million
140%
Busway: 50 million
120% + 50%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
2003 2008
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 78
79. Brisbane vs Las Vegas
Tunnel
Surface
Bridge
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 79
80. © 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 80
81. TOD Planning
in Brisbane:
Complete urban redesign of
districts surrounding rapid
transit stations focused on
transit and pedestrian
connectivity and scalable
projects. Major arterials are
re-routed and a shopping mall
potentially cut in half!
Option “A” Option “B”
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 81
83. Einstein
discovers
that time
is actually
money.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 83
84. Standard “Light Rail Lite” BRT
• Many trips involve transfers
• Stops at every station on route
• Stations need to be far apart to gain running time,
but that often means that many areas along the
corridors are not within an easy walk of a station.
• Passenger loads are often unbalanced, resulting in
crowded sections.
Quickway Network Structure
• Fewer Transfers—More “one seat” rides.
• Fewer Stops—Combination of expresses and
“split” arterial services, driven by demand.
• Faster Trips—Often faster than driving.
• Shorter Waits—Higher ridership drives demand.
© 2009 by The Mission Group Fixed-Guideway Transit for the Las Vegas Region 84
85. 1:13
1:25
Transit Travel
0:26 0:28 Times to
64%
0:46 67% Flamingo The
0:16 1:30
Strip (June 2008)
65%
0:28 Arrive by 3:45 pm
69% for 4:00 pm shift
0:46 0:46
0:16 0:18 TODAY
65% 61%
GOAL
0:30 0:46 TIME
0:10 0:17
67% 63%
SAVINGS
1:06
0:39
0:09
0:16 86%
59% Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 85
86. 1:13
0:44
1:25
0:35
Transit Travel
0:26
0:17 0:28
0:19 Times to
64%
61%
0:46 67%
46% Downtown
0:16 1:30
0:50
(June 2008)
65%
0:28
0:20 Arrive by 3:45 pm
69%
60% for 4:00 pm shift
0:46 0:46
0:20
0:16 0:18
0:07 TODAY
65% 61%
65%
GOAL
0:30
1:19 0:46
0:40 TIME
0:10
0:20 0:17
0:20
67%
75% 63%
50%
SAVINGS
0:38
1:06
1:11
0:10 0:39
1:10
0:09
0:18
74% 0:16
0:25 86%
75%
59%
64% Fixed-Guideway Transit
June 2009 86