Structural Health Monitoring Example

Structural Health Monitoring Employing a Wireless Smart Sensor Network The Jindo Bridges are twin cable-stayed bridges, located in Southern South Korea, connecting Jindo Island and the town Haenam. The bridges are built in three spans, where the central span length is 344m and the side span lengths are 70 m each PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SaWNlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [1]. The first bridge (built in 1984) and the second bridge (built in 2006) already contain wired structural health monitoring systems. The first bridge is implemented with 38 strain gages, four inclinometers, two anemometers (wind sensors), and 22 accelerometers. The second bridge is implemented with 15 thermometers, 15 strain gages, 4 inclinometers, 2 laser displacement meters, 24 Fiber Bragg Grating sensors, and 25 accelerometers PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [2]. Researchers (University of Tokyo, University of Illinois-Urbana-Campaign, Korean Institute of Science and Technology) decided to implement a wireless SHM system on the second bridge since it contained the more advanced wired SHM system for comparison purposes. Acceleration and wind velocities are the main sensing objectives of the wireless system. The bridge sensing network consists of 70 sensor nodes broken up into two sub-networks; dubbed the Jindo side and the Haenam side PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SaWNlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5SaWNlPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [1]. The Jindo side consists of 33 nodes with 22 on the deck of the bridge, 3 on the pylons, 8 on the cables (approximating every other cable), and one base station. The Haenam side consists of 26 on the deck of the bridge, 3 on the pylons, 7 on the cables, and one base station. Both base stations are located on the concrete piers supporting the first bridge’s steel pylons PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [2]. The base stations consist of an industrial grade AAEON AEC-6905 PC running on Windows XP operating system, a wired internet line connecting to a remote server, and a gateway sensor all enclosed in a ventilated heavy duty case for environmental protectionPEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaG88L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaG88L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
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ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3]. The gateway sensor is an Imote2 sensor platform which contains an Intel PXA27X microprocessor and operates with the open source operating system TinyOS. The objective of the gateway sensor is to manage the network by broadcasting commands to the leaf (remote) sensors, collect the data those sensors send, and transmit this data to the PC. To optimize the power efficiency of the system, the system operates on sleep modes and threshold limits. For example, the leaf nodes are set to sleep-mode, waking up only periodically to check for commands. However, certain leaf nodes, called sentry nodes, are kept awake to monitor threshold limits. If the wind speed goes above 3m/s or the acceleration goes above 10mg then the entire network wakes up and starts actively sensing PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaG88L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
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ADDIN EN.CITE PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5DaG88L0F1dGhvcj48WWVhcj4yMDEwPC9ZZWFyPjxSZWNO
PjwvRW5kTm90ZT4A
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [3]. Each leaf node contains an Imote2s platform fitted with a ST Microelectronics LIS344ALH accelerometer or a RM Young Model81000 anemometer, powered by 3 D-cell batteries or a SPE-350-6 solar panel from Solarworld. The nodes on the deck and pylons were encased in an protective case and attached with magnets. The nodes on the cables were attached with aluminum U-rods. Each sensor with its power unit cost less than $500 USD PEVuZE5vdGU+PENpdGU+PEF1dGhvcj5KYW5nPC9BdXRob3I+PFllYXI+MjAxMDwvWWVhcj48UmVj
ADDIN EN.CITE.DATA [2]. It was found that after 4 months of operating the equipment was still intact. It takes about 30 minutes to collect 30,000 data points from 46 sensors. While, the solar powered/rechargeable battery system was working well (except the sensor located underneath the deck), the D-cell batteries’ lifetimes were only about 2 months. And lastly, the vibrational data, including the natural frequencies, was consistent with the wired sensor data taken in 2007. Appendix Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 1 Sensor Placement Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 2 SHM-W anemometer Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 3 SHM-A accelerometer Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 4 Imote2 sensor platform Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 5 Gateway node and Leaf node Figure SEQ Figure ARABIC 6 Base Station References ADDIN EN.REFLIST 1.Rice, J.A., et al., Flexible smart sensor framework for autonomous structural health monitoring. Smart Structures and Systems, 2010. 6(5-6): p. 423-438. 2.Jang, S., et al., Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge using smart sensor technology: deployment and evaluation. Smart Structures and Systems, 2010. 6(5-6): p. 439-459. 3.Cho, S., et al., Structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge using wireless smart sensor technology: data analyses. Smart Structures and Systems, 2010. 6(5-6): p. 461-480.

Structural Health Monitoring Example

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