Network Mobile

1. Mobile Communication
Networks
Session 1: Introduction
Dr. Eng. Yousef E. Hamouda

2. 2
Lecturer
 Dr. Eng. Yousef Hamouda:
 Associate Professor in Electronic Engineering and
Computer Science
 Chair of Scientific Committee for PICICT 2021
 Head of Information Technology Center
 Manager of Networking and Infrastructure Department
 Chair of MSc. in Cyber Physical System,
 Email: ye.hamouda@alaqsa.edu.ps
 Meeting: Centre of Information Technology and by
appointment only (use the email)
 Discussion: Could be in the meeting or after lectures

3. 3
Do and Don’t
 Don’t
 No mobile phones in class
 No noises and talking in class, unless you are
asked to contribute
 No late attendees (>10 minutes)
 No eating or drinking during lectures
 Do
 Study and concentrate in class
 Ask for repeat
 Ask questions

4. 4
Supporting Information
 Source of Information
 Lecture Notes
 Test Books
 Additional Resources: web links, paper, etc.
 and more…

5. 5
Text Books
 William Stallings, Wireless Communications and
Networks, Prentice Hall.
 K. Pahlavan and P. Krishnamurthy, Principles of
Wireless Networks: A Unified Approach,
Prentice Hall.
 Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data Communications
and Networking”, McGraw-Hill Forouzan
Networking Series

6. 6
Assessment
 Final Examination: 50%
 Mid Term Examination: 20%
 Written Coursework (individual): 30%
 Written Research Paper (6 pages) (It can be
joint with real products, implementation or
Labs): 20%
 Oral Presentation / Demonstration with
Discussion: 10%

7. 7
Course Main Topics:
 Introduction
 Review and Fundamentals of Wireless Systems.
 WLAN/WPAN/WWAN
 WiFi (802.11)
 WiMAX (IEEE802.16)
 BT (802.15)
 Wireless Mobile Networks: 2G (GSM and CDMA),
3G and Beyond
 Internet and Communication Networks
 Mobile IP and Advanced topics

8. 8
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
(DECT): A digital wireless communication
standard for telephone used for home and
businesses, which is primarily used for creating
cordless phone systems
 Named Cordless Phone or Portable Phone
 It replaces the handset cord with a radio link
 Range (inside building): 50m
 Range (open area): 300m
 Frequency: 1880MHz to 1900MHz
 Connected to: Public Switching Telephone
Network (PSTN)
 1G portable phone
 Analogue Voice Only
Mobile
Handset
Base
Station
PSTN
1988

9. 9
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS):
 A first-generation (1G) cellular technology
 An analog mobile phone system standard
 Only voice communication (2.4 Kbps)
 Low frequency: 150 MHz (High coverage
Hight latency and battery consumption)
 Digital AMPS (D-AMPS):
 It uses existing AMPS channels.
 A digital mobile system.
 It considers 2G mobile phone systems.
1979

10. 10
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM):
 A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
used by mobile phones.
 Uses TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access).
 Each user is assign different time slot in given RF
channel
 Frequency: 900 MHz
 Data, SMS and Voice Communication (14.4 Kbps)
 Interim Standard 95 (IS-95):
 A second generation (2G) digital cellular networks
 Uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access), a multiple
access scheme for digital radio, to send voice, data and
signaling data (such as a dialed telephone number)
between mobile telephones and cell sites.
 Each user is assigned a PN sequence code
1991

11. 11
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
 A packet-switched mobile data service (Internet) on the 2G.
 GPRS is a best-effort service, implying variable throughput
and latency that depend on the number of other users
sharing the service concurrently
 GPRS provides data rates of 53.6 kbps DL / 26.8 Kbps UL

12. 12
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) (Cont.)
 2G cellular technology combined with GPRS is
sometimes described as 2.5G, that is, a technology
between the 2G and 3G generations of mobile telephony .
 GPRS usage is charged based on volume of data
transferred, which is billed per minute of connection time .
 GPRS data can sold either as part of a bundle (e.g. up to
5 GB per month for a fixed fee) or on a pay-as-you-use
basis .
 Usage above bundle cap is charged per MB or
disallowed.
 Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE): It is
2.75G and known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS). It
provides a data rate of 236.8 kbps DL / 59.2 Kbps UL.

13. 13
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS( and
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA):
 It is a third generation mobile cellular system (3G) .
 It provide several bearer services, real-time and non-real
time services, circuit and packet switched transmission,
and many different data rates.
 It is broadband based
transmission of text, digitized
voice, video calling, Mobile Internet,
Streaming and multimedia
 Speed: (384 Kbps (Moving) - 2Mbps (Non-Moving))
 Frequency: 2100/1900/850 MHz
1998

14. 14
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 High Speed Packet Access (HSPA): It is 3.5G mobile
communications protocol. The standard allows bit-rates
5.76 Mbps Uplinks and 14.4 Mbps in the Downlink.
 High Speed Packet Access+ (HSPA+): It is 3.75G mobile
communications protocol using MIMO .The standard
allows bit-rates 22 Mbps Uplinks and 168 Mbps in the
Downlink.

15. 15
Evolution of Mobile Communication
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
Orthogonal Frequency Multiple Access (MIMO)
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
2009

16. 16
Evolution of Mobile Communication
2020

17. 17
Evolution of Mobile Communication
 5G Overview
 It is a new global wireless standard
 5G enables a new kind of network that is designed to
connect virtually everyone and everything together including
machines, objects, and devices.
 Massive Internet-of-Things (IoT)

18. 18
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Beam Forming
Massive MIMO (64*64)

19. 19
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Various Target
eMBB: High Speed applications
mMTC: Many Devices applications
URLLC: Low Latency applications

20. 20
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Various Target

21. 21
Evolution of Mobile Communication
5G Frequency Range
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)

22. 22
Evolution of Mobile Communication

23. 23
Evolution of Wireless Networks
 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
 Data-Oriented
 IEEE 802.11 (WiFi)
 Wireless Local Loop (WLL):
 Data/Voice-Oriented
 IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
 Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs):
 Data/Voice-Oriented
 IEEE 802.15 Family: Bluetooth (BT), Ultra Wide Band
(UWB), and ZigBee.

24. Mobility vs Data Rate
Evolution to higher bit rates drives convergence between
fixed/mobile systems and the Internet

25. Core and Access Networks

26.  CORE: Mostly wired and fixed components such as:
 Servers
 Switches
 Databases
 Routing
 Internetworking
 Operation and maintenance
 network management
 Call control
 mobility management
 ACCESS: Provision of mobile access to services over
core networks; Mobile terminal access, roaming, traffic
delivery, etc.
Core and Access Networks

27. Configurations
Infrastructure Dependent
Wireless Networks
Non-infrastructure Networks
(Ad Hoc Wireless Network)
Classification of Wireless Networks

28.  Satellite: Wide coverage and High Mobility
 Cellular Networks: High Mobility
 Wireless LANs such as WiFi, Wireless Local Loop (WLL) such as
WiMax: Low/None Mobility
Wireless Networks – Infrastructure

29.  Applications:
 Disaster recovery
 Smart office and home
 Battlefield
 Rapid Deployment
infrastructure
 Wireless: cabling
impractical
 Ad-Hoc: no advance
planning and can be
random deployment
Wireless Networks – Ad Hoc

30. Wireless Link Mobility and Portability
(Anywhere and any time)
Challenges:
 High data rate (multimedia traffic)/greater capacity
 Networking (seamless connectivity)
 Resource allocation (quality of service - QoS)
 Manifold physical impairments
 Mobility (rapidly changing physical
channel)
 Portability (battery life)
 Privacy/security (encryption)
Attributes of Wireless Access

31. Writing
 Read, understand, think and then write by your own
words
 Don’t copy and past
 References

32. 32
Writing Skills
 Be clear:
• Make sure your sentences make sense and are to
the point.
• Keep your sentences short and express your ideas
simply.
• Make sure your writing is specific (Start with big
window, smaller, smaller and then be very specific)
• Every thing should be referenced. Do not assume
the reader believe what your are writing without
proves.
• Do not use words like I, we, they. Instead use the
author, the researchers,….
• If you have something you believe, use the author
think. Not always.

33. 33
Writing Skills
 Be coherent:
• Make a plan before you start writing to not wander from
one idea to another then back to the first one.
• Make sure your ideas are grouped together in
paragraphs
• Once a set of ideas has been discussed start a new
paragraph.
• Linked paragraphs together to guide the reader through
your thought process (Logical structure and flow of
ideas)
• Clear layout of headings and well presented diagrams
• Pay extra attention to your references. Incomplete or no
references will be strongly penalized.
 English: Grammar, Spelling, Vocabulary, Punctuation,
Verbs, Capital letters.

34. 34
Writing Skills
 Writing:
• Assessing students’ thinking.
• A method for developing your thinking.
• Allows to structure your ideas by building one idea
upon another.
 Requirements:
• Hard work and a large amount of research and reading.
• Make sure you select relevant material.
• To learn to keep your research and your notes
organized.
• To use an academic style in your written English.
• To achieve the right presentation.
• Avoid research risks.

35. 35
Writing Skills
 Rule # 1: Analysis = Thinking
• If you do not analyze the material you have read then
all you are doing is showing that you have done a lot of
groundwork.
• You are not showing your ability to think.
 Rule # 2: Structuring your ideas = your plan
• The basic unit is the paragraph.
• Plan your writing paragraph by paragraph.
• Start a paragraph with the main idea, and then
develop it.
• One idea per paragraph: each section or paragraph
must be internally consistent.
• The result will be your plan.

36. 36
Writing Skills
Final Strategy
Read, Understand,
Think/Analysis, Write
(By your Own Words)

37. 37
Plagiarism
 Plagiarism: is the use of the work of another person,
including another student, as your own without
acknowledging the source.
 Avoiding Plagiarism
• Use direct quotations and references (Not always)
• Acknowledge the sources of your information
(references)
• Providing evidence to support your arguments
• Write By your Own Words
 Plagiarism Checker: Less than 10% is acceptable.
 Penalties for Plagiarism: Very Harmful !!