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Measuring plant transpiration to understand hydrology

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World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
World Agroforestry (ICRAF)
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Measuring transpiration to understand plant function and its effect on water resources Steve Burgess
Water use by plants is central to the hydrological cycle ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dryland Salinity: 17 million Ha affected by 2050 Source: www.napswq.gov.au Source: NLWRA (2001a) Dryland salinity risk in south-west Western Australia 2000
Mountain ash forests of Melbourne’s catchments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perth’s drinking water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Kenya’s water resources ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Measuring transpiration ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Using heat to measure xylem sap flow ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heat pulse methods ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Heat ratio method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Because of its symmetric configuration, the HRM can resolve zero flows Heat Ratio Method Zero sap flow T 2 T 1 Heater
V = thermal diffusivity x Ln T 1 probe distance T 2 Heat Ratio Method Flow velocity (V) is logarithmically related to the ratio of temperature increases up- and downstream from a heater T 2 T 1 Heater
Installation
Correction for wounding Heat ratio is attenuated by wounding and the ratio is no longer constant for a given velocity – at odds with Marshall’s theory Numerical modelling allows for corrections that account for the thermal behaviour of steel probes and of non-conductive wood Sensitivity to heat in the sap stream is reduced Vessels blocked by drilling/mechanical damage Conductive xylem Actual for 5 cm h -1 Marshall’s ‘ideal’ for 5 cm h -1
Heat ratio method -accuracy
Why is hydraulic redistribution important? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Foliar absorption of water ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How does water get into leaves? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Do fungal endophytes act as wicks? Micrographs by Adeline Fabre This is actually a Douglas Fir leaf
Using sap flow to screen multiple species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bamboo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bamboo ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bamboo water use ,[object Object],[object Object]
Total daily sap flow a a b b 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1-Jul-2004 2-Jul-2004 E L (kg m -2 d -1 ) Non-riparian riparian
At the riparian site: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Leaf area adjustments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
This week’s work ,[object Object],[object Object]
Acknowledgements ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Measuring plant transpiration to understand hydrology

  • 1. Measuring transpiration to understand plant function and its effect on water resources Steve Burgess
  • 2.
  • 3. Dryland Salinity: 17 million Ha affected by 2050 Source: www.napswq.gov.au Source: NLWRA (2001a) Dryland salinity risk in south-west Western Australia 2000
  • 4.
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  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11. Because of its symmetric configuration, the HRM can resolve zero flows Heat Ratio Method Zero sap flow T 2 T 1 Heater
  • 12. V = thermal diffusivity x Ln T 1 probe distance T 2 Heat Ratio Method Flow velocity (V) is logarithmically related to the ratio of temperature increases up- and downstream from a heater T 2 T 1 Heater
  • 14. Correction for wounding Heat ratio is attenuated by wounding and the ratio is no longer constant for a given velocity – at odds with Marshall’s theory Numerical modelling allows for corrections that account for the thermal behaviour of steel probes and of non-conductive wood Sensitivity to heat in the sap stream is reduced Vessels blocked by drilling/mechanical damage Conductive xylem Actual for 5 cm h -1 Marshall’s ‘ideal’ for 5 cm h -1
  • 15. Heat ratio method -accuracy
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19. Do fungal endophytes act as wicks? Micrographs by Adeline Fabre This is actually a Douglas Fir leaf
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24. Total daily sap flow a a b b 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 1-Jul-2004 2-Jul-2004 E L (kg m -2 d -1 ) Non-riparian riparian
  • 25.
  • 26.
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  • 28.