Landcare in Southern Africa
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Landcare is an approach based on the notion of caring for your land as a community. The model is based on the values of community empowerment and collective action to develop and apply innovative solutions to natural resource management (NRM) challenges, networking farmers with the broader community and promoting sustainable land management practices
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Landcare in Southern Africa
- 1. Landcare in Southern Africa Clinton Muller Joseph Tanui Emily Mutota Spencer Ngâoma
- 2. Some ambitious targets? ⢠UNCCD â Land Degradation Neutrality ⢠Bonn Challenge â restoration 150 million ha ⢠Improve smallholder livelihoods & food security Who?
- 3. What is Landcare? Voluntary community groups of farmers and other interested people collectively working together on mutual issues at a local scale
- 4. Defining Landcare⌠??? ⢠As a MOVEMENT ... Landcare is a movement of local people that share knowledge about sustainable and profitable agriculture while conserving the environment and natural resources. ⢠As an APPROACH ... Landcare is an extension approach/method that rapidly and inexpensively disseminates sustainable farming practices among thousands of farmers based on the farmersâ innate interest in learning and sharing knowledge about new technologies that earn more money and conserve natural resources. This embodies three basic cornerstones: appropriate technologies, partnership building and institution building. ⢠As a BODY OF KNOWLEDGE ... Landcare is a set of appropriate land management practices to care for the land in a sustainable, economic and productive way. ⢠As an ETHIC, a PHILOSOPHY ... Landcare is an ethic, a philosophy that enables individuals and communities to approach agriculture in a mature and nurturing way to improve livelihoods.
- 5. 6 Principles of Landcare (adapted from South Africa) 1. Integrated Sustainable Natural Resource Management addressing primary causes of natural resource decline 2. Community based and led natural resource management within a participatory framework 3. The development of sustainable livelihoods for individuals, groups and communities utilising empowerment strategies 4. Government, community and individual capacity building through targeted training, education, and support mechanisms 5. The development of active and true partnerships between governments, LandCare groups and communities, non- government organisations, and industry. 6. The blending together of appropriate upper level policy processes with bottom up feedback mechanisms
- 6. Technical solutions AND/OR Social infrastructure?
- 7. Our speakers⌠⢠Joseph Tanui â Kenya - World Agroforestry Centre ⢠Emily Mutota â Namibia - Ministry of Tourism & Environment / Dept. Environmental Affairs ⢠Spencer Ngâoma â Malawi - Total Land Care Keep the Discussion Live! @AfricaLandcare
- 8. Why strengthen rural institutions? Landcare lessons from East Africa Joseph Tanui
- 9. Challenging the status quo ⢠Rapid change of smallholder farming systems in sub- Saharan ⢠Characterized by land degradation, population pressure, intensive farming, continuous cropping in small plots ⢠Need for sustainable solutions â beyond traditional agricultural expansion ⢠Degradation manifests negative direct and indirect effects on livelihoods
- 10. A number of reasons for poor investments in sustainable solutions by smallholders in the region: ⢠Weak institutional support ⢠Gaps in technology adoption and extension service models ⢠Weak and inappropriate governance and regulatory processes and low market integration The institutional and policy context is seen as an external factor that influences adoption by smallholder farmers
- 11. Why strengthen rural grassroots institutions? ⢠For the community important - collective action â access - leveraging ⢠Projects / government advisory services - accessible groups for dissemination and innovation ⢠Sustainability of development interventions an issue â collective action alone not enough ⢠Strengthening rural institutions can add sustainability / resilience
- 12. Social Capital and Landcare ⢠Social Capital - the norms and networks that enable collective action ⢠Encompasses institutions, relationships and customs that shape the quality and quantity of social interactions ⢠Evidence demonstrates it is critical for societies to prosper economically and for development to be sustainable ⢠Builds community capacity to work together to address common needs, fosters inclusiveness & cohesion, increases transparency and accountability (World Bank, 2011)
- 13. Landcare Brand recognition, Shared networks, influence & Learning Networks & Policy influence Social Capital & Institutional Building Participatory Technologies eg: EverGreen / CA Household livelihood strategies Natural resource base Participatory Technologies eg: FMNR / Conservation Ag Household livelihood strategies Natural resource base (Prior, 2012)
- 14. Social Capital Relevance to Knowledge Platforms? ⢠Identify problems early, and attempt to solve them ⢠Develop and test new technologies and innovate ⢠Pass new technologies and innovations between their members; act as extension agents ⢠Actively seek out new information from extension officers or researchers ⢠Adapt & evolve in order to remain effective and survive ⢠Understand and satisfy the priority needs of members ⢠Undertake sustainable agricultural development & SLM
- 15. Lessons from the FieldâŚ. Kapchorwa District Landcare Chapter (KADLACC)
- 16. Key Challenges: ⢠Vegetation removal ⢠Declining Soil Fertility ⢠Erosion and Landslips ⢠Conflict in Forest areas ⢠Gender inequality ⢠Poor Governance
- 17. Outcomes: ⢠Reduction of livestock grazing ⢠Increased milk production ⢠Increased Agroforestry tree cover ⢠Reduction in Landside frequency ⢠Food production increases (Nyangas & Chemangei, 2010)
- 18. The REAL Outcomes: ⢠Community cohesion and unity â evidenced by the networking, knowledge sharing, relationships & trust ⢠Gender balancing â workloads and decision making ⢠Youth engagement ⢠Local by laws
- 19. Key Lessons ⢠Community needs to be at the forefront of sustainable land management â grassroots / bottom up driven ⢠The modality of Landcare will evolve in each country â but is most effective when adhering to the principles ⢠Partnerships are critical to the success of Landcare â Government, NGO, Private AND Community ⢠Exposure to the Landcare approach is necessary to take it to scale ⢠Knowledge sharing / brokering is key
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Began in Australia & Germany in 1980s and since spread to more than 20 countries First established in Africa in 1997 in South Africa, since then has some activities in a number of countries â notably Kenya, Uganda & Malawi Central objectives are of developing, sharing and implementing more sustainable ways of managing land and water resources
- Landcare is an approach based on the notion of caring for your land as a community. The model is based on the values of community empowerment and collective action to develop and apply innovative solutions to natural resource management (NRM) challenges, networking farmers with the broader community and promoting sustainable land management practices
- The on-ground is the key entry point, but itâs the social dimension through collection action that sets Landcare apart from just sustainable land management Itâs the platform to engage all representatives of the community, including gender and youth in managing our natural resources Itâs made Landcare not just a program, but also a movement and ethic
- Landcare first introduced in this region in 2003, as part of the African Grassroots Innovation for Livelihoods and Environment (AGILE) initiative âwith the intention to support the community adopt various efficient environmental management practices whilst optimizing on farm production â and they did this by adoptiong Landcare principles in the program implementation
- Some of the Key Challenges Vegetation clearing â farm land, fuel wood and construction material â exposing soils to erosion Declining soil fertility caused by the soil erosion, poor farming methods and steep slopes â resulting in food insecurity issues Poor relationships between the conservation areas of the Mt Elgon region and the community â which were resulting in overgrazing pressures and conflict between the community and forest management Gender inequality â women provided 90% of the labor force in agricultural production Poor governance structures and policy relevant to NRM management with little investment To address these challenges, the projected embraced Landcare principles through adopting a holistic approach â to harmonize the livelihoods and conservation efforts â and investing in the community as a delivery agent of change.
- Not to downplay the importance of these outcomes achieved â quantifiable outcomes included: Livestock on communal grazing reduced from 4,000 to 7 per household with an adoption of controlled or zero grazing Average milk production per household per year increased from 2.5 litres to 6.5 litres Increaed Agroforestry tree cover along contours from 50,000 in 2004 to 65,000 in 2005 Landslide occurrence in the Tuikat watershed reduced from 7 in 2003, to 3 cases in 2005 and 2 in 2006 + reduced river bank siltation has also been observed from reduced browning of water Maize production increased from 13 bags to 25 bags (100kg) per acre per season
- The qualitative ones â are just as important â if NOT more important than the quantiative ones. THE REAL OUTCOME in the context of climate change adaptation and mitigation Through investing into the institutional arrangement within the community - You now have an institutional infrastructure to address locally relevant challenges.