1. Report on Baseline
surveys of Chickpea
BY
Dr.K.P.C.Rao
Principal Scientist (VLS)
At the TL-II Review and Planning meeting
BAMAKO
November 16-20 , 2009

2. Situation and outlook
• India, Turkey, Pakistan and Canada
together account for 87% of global
production
• India is the largest importer, accounting
for 30% of total imports
• Canada and Australia are the major
exporters of chickpea, accounting for 28%
of world exports
• In ESA, the trends suggest that chickpea
area and production in Ethiopia will grow
significantly in the years ahead

3. Sample size
Location Sample size
South Asia
-Andhra pradesh 270
-Karnataka 270
East Africa
-Ethiopia 700

4. Assets and Liabilities
Indicator Karnataka Andhra Ethiopia
pradesh
Operated area 1.56 4.66 2.45
(ha)
Value of farm 78,410 65,687 NA
implements
(rs)
Durable 248,559 161,143 NA
assets (rs)
Debts (rs) 52,618 658,650 NA
Savings (rs) 63 428,562 NA

5. Income and Consumption
expenditure
Income/Exp- Karna- Andhra Ethiopia (birr)
enditure taka (rs) Pradesh
(rs)
Annual 46,857 76,790 16,797
household
income
Consumption 35,228 66,221 5,235 (Only
Expenditure cash exp.)

6. Yield, costs and returns
Item Karna- Andhra Ethiopia
taka (rs) Pradesh (birr)
(rs)
Area under
Chickpea (ha) 0.93 1.55 0.38
Yield (kg/ha) 429 397 2,552
Gross revenue 8,906 9,117 10,400
Cost of 5,070 7,404 7,200
production
Net returns 3,836 1,713 3,200
B:C ratio 1.76 1.23 1.44

7. Adoption pattern of Chickpea
varieties
• Annigeri, an improved variety introduced three
decades ago, accounts for 90% area under
chickpea in Andhra pradesh and Karnataka
• Recently introduced improved varieties cover the
remaining 10% area
• In Ethiopia, the proportion of chickpea farmers
who planted improved desi during 2007 is less
than 3%, while about 76% planted local desi.
About 55% of the chickpea area is allocated to
local desi, followed by Kabuli varieties, Shasho
(21%) and Ejere (12%)

8. Preferred Traits
• Farmers are interested in high grain yield,
large grain size, resistance to insect pests
and diseases, drought-tolerance and
higher fodder yield
• The processors and traders were keen on
the quality standards like uniformity in
size, grain size, cleanliness and healthy
grains
• Consumers, on the other hand, preferred
better taste, cooking quality and time and
keeping quality

9. Gender Issues
• In ESA, 7% of sample households are
headed by women. This proportion was
only 3% in India
• Women participate significantly in making
decisions related to crop production,
education and marriages of children
• Women contribute about 40 to 50 percent
of labor required for chickpea cultivation

10. Major constraints
• High seed price and poor quality
seed
• Lack of information about new
varieties
• Low yield
• High pest incidents
• Small grain size
• Low and fluctuating market price

11. Seed systems and problems
• Informal non-market based seed
supply system is dominant
• Quasi-formal, market based seed
supply systems are in their infancy
• Low private sector participation
• Need for strong public support for
legume seed production till private
sector gets in

12. Training
• Several national staff in the target countries have
been trained in survey design and sampling
methods
• In Asia, three training workshops were conducted
in the first year on survey design and
instruments, sampling and social analysis. In the
second year, two write-shops were conducted at
ICRISAT to resolve issues faced in data entry,
validation and analysis. About 15 persons
including 5 women participated in each of these 5
work shops/ write shops
• In ESA, 29 NARS scientists including 4 women,
were trained in quantitative and qualitative
methods of socio-economic research in the first
two years

13. Problems in co-ordination
• Seed exchange between scientists across
countries is posing a problem due to plant
quarantine regulation, particularly in SSA
• Delay in submission of reports, work plans
and progress of work by the partners in all
regions. Rigorous follow-up and continued
engagement through frequent visits are
needed for timely submission of reports
• To achieve cost-effectiveness, use of video
conferencing and skype has to be
increased

14. Lessons learnt and vision for
the second phase
• There is a need to enhance the present Plant
Variety Selection (PVS) trials approach to
accelerate the spread of improved technologies to
users
• Lack of synergy among different stake-holders is
a prime stumbling block for successful
dissemination of technologies. Innovation
systems and learning frame work may have to be
adopted to accomplish better synergy
• The project should stay focused in the identified
target countries and locations and monitor the
uptake process on a regular basis

15. Workplan for 2010 and beyond
• Undertake process documentation and early
adoption studies to plan for up-scaling
• Undertake ex-post evaluation studies at the end
of 5 and 10 years period
• Promotion of new varieties needed to enhance
adoption
• Joint report with breeders on farmer preferred
traits and research directions needed
• Refine situation and outlook projections globally
and at country level for the TL-II crops
• Regional consultations to be organized in SSA
and SA to strengthen the capacity of national
partners

16. Thank you!