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Organ Transplantation: Comparison in the US and UK
1. Organ
Transplantation:
Comparison in
the US and UK
Amanda Goodwin
Summer 2011
N4003: Comparative Healthcare:
Nursing in Northern Ireland
Sunday, May 29, 2011
2. 1. Organ Donation Basics
2. The Organ Shortage
3. Statistics Objectives
4. Awareness
5. Conclusion
Sunday, May 29, 2011
4. Basics
• Organ donation is a critical form of treatment for
end-stage diseases all over the world.
• Organ donation saves and transforms lives.
• The US and UK share similar and dissimilar
problems regarding organ donation.
• Both the US and UK have ways of raising donation
awareness, which is critical to continuing organ
donation.
• There are large organ shortages in both countries,
and as a result, people are dying daily.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
6. The World Health
Assembly is concerned
“at the growing
insufficiency of available
human material for
transplantation to meet
human needs.”
Sunday, May 29, 2011
7. The Organ Shortage
• Not enough organs =
patients die on the waiting
list = countries’ death rates
increase = problem on two
different levels, affecting
people and politics.
• Not enough organs =
people start devising
illegal programs of organ
procurement
Sunday, May 29, 2011
8. Causative Factors
• Not all organs are transplantable due to factors related to type/
timing of death
• Due to improving health care and technology, more people
needing organs are alive when typically they may not have
survived.
• Many people postpone registering and telling their families their
wishes
• Not enough organ transplant sites - lack of ease of access,
organ viability after harvest becomes more difficult. (Ex. - In
Ireland transplants can only occur in Dublin)
• Uneducated staff - in Causeway Hospital in 2010, 11
transplantable patients were overlooked
Sunday, May 29, 2011
9. UNOS & the NHS Organ Donor Register
• NHS Organ Donor Register - confidential,
computerized database which holds the wishes of
over 11 million people. It is used after a person has
died to see if they wanted to be an organ donor, and
if so, which organs.
• Donated organs can go to anyone in the entire UK.
• NHS Organ Donor Register is the equivalent to the
US’ UNOS (United Network of Organ Sharing)
• There are 11 regions in US. Organs go to candidates
in the donor’s own region.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
10. Illegal Organ Transplant
• World Health Organization estimates
$100-200,000 is paid for “underground”
purchases of healthy organs
• Ethical breach risks at all stages
• Theft of cells, tissues, and organs
• Cells, tissues, and organs should all be
donated freely with no benefit of money or
other forms of payment.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
11. Global Connection
• Theory that initiating global organ transplant
would provide more organs producing a higher
rate of transplants + ability to procure organs
that are more specific recipient matches
• Organ viability time/travel distance limits these
efforts
• Makes the consideration of shipping/storage
important to remember
Sunday, May 29, 2011
12. Deceased vs. Living Donors
• In the US, the number of renal/kidney transplants from
live donors exceeded those from deceased donors for
the first time in 2001.
• There is a need for more epidemiological data and more
global transparency “especially with regard to the
longterm health, psychological, and socioeconomic
consequences for both living donors and recipients.”
• The US has shown progress for self-sufficiency in
transplants by meeting these needs via altruistic
donations.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
14. US vs. UK Statistics
• The US leads the world - including all of Europe -
in number of transplants performed.
• 111,375 people in the US are waiting for organs.
6500 die each year waiting.
• 10,000 people in the UK are waiting for organs.
1000 die each year waiting.
• 40% of US population are registered donors.
28% of UK population are registered donors.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
15. US vs. UK Statistics cont’d
• The only Irish hospital that performs all types of organ
transplants is located in Dublin.
• Over 200 hospitals in the US perform all types of
organ transplants.
• Both the US and Northern Ireland’s goals are to
double their donor list by 50%.
• The US has increased their list by 37% since 2007.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
17. Problem
• In the UK, 600-700 liver transplants occur per
year. In the past 20 years, the number of people
needing transplants has increased by 90% but
the number of available donor organs has
remained the same.
• Q. What do experts believe the problem is?
Sunday, May 29, 2011
18. Advocating Organizations
• In the United States, one non-
profit organization per region
(eg, Lifebanc in NE Ohio)
advocates awareness
• In Great Britain, the
government’s Public Health
Agency promotes the Organ
Donor Register, in addition to
independent charities.
Sunday, May 29, 2011
19. NE Ohio’s Lifebanc
Annual Gift of Life Walk & Run, 2010
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21. Conclusion
• Similarities?
• Differences?
Sunday, May 29, 2011
22. Discussion
• Which country has the best system for organ donation/
transplantation?
• Which country would you rather live in, if in need of a
life-saving transplant?
• How would you help decrease the organ shortage?
• What are the highs and lows of both countries’
programs and policies?
• What are your questions about organ transplantation?
Sunday, May 29, 2011