Presented by Jean-Baptiste Tignegre (WorldVeg), Wubetu Legesse (WorldVeg), Edoh Ognakossan (WorldVeg), Paul Zaato (WorldVeg), Mahama Saaka (UDS), Linda Dari (UDS), and Abdul Rahman Nurudeen (IITA) at Africa RISING Ghana Country Planning Meeting, Tamale, Ghana, and Virtual, 24 - 25 June 2020.

1. Nutrition (vegetables) activities in Ghana 2019/2020
Jean-Baptiste Tignegre1,Wubetu Legesse1, Edoh Ognakossan Kukom1, Paul Zaato1,
Mahama Saaka2, Linda Dari2, and Abdul Rahman Nurudeen3
1World Vegetable Center, 2University for Development Studies (UDS) and
3International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA)
Africa RISING Ghana Country Planning Meeting
24 - 25 June 2020
Tamale, Ghana & Virtual

2. Team contribution to outcome(s) and output(s)
Outcome no. and subactivity Output no.
Location/sites
for sub-activity Research team
-Outcome 1.
Farmers and farming
communities in the project
area are practicing more
productive, resilient,
profitable and sustainably
intensified crop-livestock
systems linked to markets
-Sub-activity GH1115-19 and
GH1116-19
Output 1.1
Research products for
more productive,
intensive, diverse,
profitable and resilient
crops (cereals, legumes,
vegetables), livestock
(sheep, goats, cattle,
poultry and pigs) and
integrated crop-livestock
farming systems are
identified and
disseminated to farmers
through development
partners in the
intervention
communities.
Upper East
(Nyangua,
tekuru,
Nyangua, Gia,
Bonia)
Northern
Region (Dukuo)
1. J-B Tignegre
(Worldveg, Mali,
coordinator)
2. L. Wubetu (Worldveg,
Mali, Crop protection)
3. O. K. Edoh (Worldveg,
Mali; Post harvest-
Processing)
4. A. Nurudeen (IITA,
Ghana; Agronomist)
5. M. Saaka (UDS, Ghana,
Nutrition)
6. L. Dari (UDS, Ghana
Post harvest-
Processing)
7. P.A. Zaato (WorldVeg,
Ghana; Research
assistant)
8. D. Dikson (WorldVeg,
Ghana; Technician)
9. B. Boyubie (IITA
Ghana, M&E

3. Current research gaps
1. Low or no access to improved varieties of onion, tomato & pepper with high yield
potential, disease/pest resistance & high nutrient content
2. Most soils in UER and NR are very degraded with low soil fertility for vegetable
production. Adapted soil fertilizer management options were investigated as
solutions
3. Few affordable storage technologies are available to reduce postharvest losses with
threats to vegetable development in UER & NR.

4. Sub-activity GH1115-19: Identify varieties and post-
harvest management options of vegetable crop species
with adaptation to Northern Ghana in the dry season
Tomato Pepper
1 Tropimech Makohwhem
2 Petomech Jaune du Burkina
3 UC 82 B Red Long
4 Local Local
N° Onion
1 AVON1073
2 AVON1074
3 AVON1308
4 AVON1314
5 AVON1310
6 AVON1323
7 Check (adopted OPV or best local)
NB Test Farmers Total No. of test Farmers
Sites men Women Total Youth <30 Old > 30
Gia 15 19 34 20 15
Doku 16 14 30 15 17
Bonia 18 15 33 17 13
total 49 48 97 52 45
Varieties tested

5. Design
PLOT DESIGN FOR TOMATO AND PEPPER IN HUBS
15 m
R4
V4 V2 V1 V3
R3
V1 V3 V4 V2
404 403 402 401
V3 V1 V2 V4 19 m
301 302 303 304
1m204 203 202 201
R2
104
R1
V2 V4 V3 V1
4m
3 m
1 m
101 102 103 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
0,5m
## 206 205 204 203 202 201
301 302 303 304 305 306 307
401 402 403 404 405 406 407
Design for Trial
0,5m
Experimental plot
2m
2m

6. Results
Table 1.1 Fruit yield (T ha-1
) of tomato varieties conducted in five lead farmers hubs during
2019-2020 dry season at Nyangua and Tekuri; Upper East Region, Ghana
P (5%): probability value with 95% confidence interval; CV (%): Coefficient of variation; LSD (5%):
Least significant difference with 95% confidence interval; N: Significant; NS: Non-Significant
Varieties N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 mean
Tropimech 17.8 15.6 20.4 20.6 19
18.68
Pechomech 19.3 20.9 21.5 20.6 16
19.66
UC82 21.6 18.1 21.2 25.9 24.5
22.26
Local 21.5 19.9 17.6 24 16.7
19.94
Mean 20.05 18.63 20.18 22.78 19.05
P (5%) 0.465 0.374 0.699 0.157 0.018
CV (%) 18.0 19.9 25.3 15.5 10.5
LSD NS NS NS NS S

7. Table 1.2 Fruit yield (T ha-1
) of pepper varieties conducted in five lead farms hubs during 2019-
2020 dry season in Upper East Region, Ghana.
Varieties N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 mean
Makowhem 4.6 4.6 6 4.7 5.3 5.04
Jaune du
Burkina
4
4.5 4.2
4
5.8 4.5
Red Long 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 5.5 4.68
Local 4 4 4.6 3.1 3.4 3.82
Mean 4.3 4.45 4.78 4.03 5.0
P (5%) 0.495 0.327 0.234 0.229 0.007
CV (%) 11.7 10.3 5.4 19.1 17.4
LSD NS NS NS NS S
P (5%): probability value with 95% confidence interval; CV (%): Coefficient of variation; LSD (5%):
Least significant difference with 95% confidence interval; N: Significant; NS: Non-Significant

8. Figure 1.3: Fruit yield (T ha-1
) of pepper varieties conducted at Doku, Northern Region, during
2019-2020 dry season, Ghana.
Varieties N
Makowhem 5.5
Jaune du Burkina 5.8
Red Long 6
Local 5.1
Mean 5.6
P (5%) 0.742
CV (%) 20.1
LSD NS

9. Table 1.4: Bulb yield (T ha-1
) of onion varietal trial conducted in lead farmers hub during the
2019-2020 dry season in the Upper East Region, Ghana.
Varieties N1 N2 N3 N4 Mean
AVON1073 27.9 26.5 27.1 31.9 28.4
AVON1074 23.1 24.2 32.9 30.1 27.6
AVON1308 33 39.7
37 37.2
36.7
AVON1310 31.2 36.4
33.7 33.2
33.6
AVON1314 17.5 25.9
28 28.9
25.1
AVON1323 19.4 22.4
25.6 25.9
23.3
CHECK 19.1 21.2
27.9 25.3
23.4
Mean 24.5 28.0
30.3 30.4
P (5%) 0.002 0.001 0.012 0.04
CV (%) 6.5 9.0 13.0 5.4
LSD S S S NS
P (5%): probability value with 95% confidence interval; CV (%): Coefficient of variation; LSD (5%):
Least significant difference with 95% confidence interval; N: Significant; NS: Non-Significant

10. Discussion
1. Average yield of tomatoes ranges from 16.T/ha to 22.78T/ha
with UC82 producing the highest yield of 25.9T/ha
2. Jaune du Burkina variety recording the highest yield of 6.0 T/ha
3. Onions yield ranged from 24.05 T/ha to 30.4 T/ha with
AVON1308 producing the highest yield of 39.7T/ha
4. During participatory varietal selection, UC82 (tomato), Jaune
Du Burkina (pepper) and AVON1308 (onion) varieties were
selected as farmers preferred varieties based on fruit size, color,
taste.

11. Discussion
Data collection
• 24 Accessions of Tomato and 16 accessions of pepper were
screened for disease tolerance
• 12 plants (6 per row) excluding 4 plants (one plant from each
end of the rows) were visually evaluated for pest and diseases
occurrences.
• Incidences of different diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and
viruses will were evaluated on a weekly basis.
• Field observation on farmers’ fields and experimental plots
were conducted
• Preliminary identification of diseases were undertaken based on
the symptoms on the plants.
• In addition, samples were be collected and identification and
characterization of diseases were done
Objective: To identify better adapted and disease tolerant tomato
and pepper variety/varieties.

12. Table 1. Tomato varieties trial Ghana. Yield in ton per hectare, early blight (EB) disease
incidence (%), Virus disease incidence and Bacterial leaf spot (BLS) disease incidence.
• There were no significance disease incidence
differences among the varieties
• Eb, Viruses and bacterial leaf spot were the
commonly observed diseases
• Whiteflies and tomato fruit borer were the
common insect pest of tomato
Varieties yield t/ha EB Viruses BLS
AVTO1003 15.78ab 11,25 6,886 15,78
AVTO1007 12.83ab 17,67 4,227 12,83
AVTO1008 12.59ab 3,7 7,005 12,59
AVTO1122 20.28b 10,26 6,667 20,28
AVTO1429 15.15ab 4,76 9,391 15,15
AVTO1464 11.14ab 6,78 5,353 11,14
AVTO1704 11.37ab 9,43 5,219 11,37
AVTO1705 15.47ab 18,86 4,167 15,47
AVTO1706 14.57ab 11,01 9,259 14,57
AVTO1707 12.95ab 5,13 4,945 12,95
AVTO1710 12.08ab 12,11 3,509 12,08
AVTO1715 13.98ab 14,99 3,922 13,98
AVTO1716 13.02ab 7,88 2,083 13,02
AVTO1717 4.91a 7,84 5,882 4,91
AVTO1718 13.58ab 6,3 4,233 13,58
AVTO1719 9.61ab 5,16 5,556 9,61
AVTO1726 10.93ab 23,1 18,929 10,93
AVTO1729 10.67ab 26,96 13,889 10,67
ICRIXINA 10.69ab 19,72 4,167 10,69
KENEYA 13.76ab 15,9 18,462 13,76
KONICA 12.7ab 14,81 3,704 12,7
MALINKA 14.87ab 12,08 0 14,87
NAYELI 12.31ab 32,19 3,03 12,31
V1043614 17.42ab 8,33 8,333 17,42

13. AVTO1003
AVTO1007
AVTO1008
AVTO1122
AVTO1429
AVTO1464
AVTO1704
AVTO1705
AVTO1706
AVTO1707
AVTO1710
AVTO1715
AVTO1716
AVTO1717
AVTO1718
AVTO1719
AVTO1726
AVTO1729
ICRIXINAKENEYAKONICA
MALINKANAYELI
V1043614
0
5
10
15
20
Varieties
Diseaseincidence
Fig. Virus disease incidence (percentage of plants infected)

14. Variety Chroma Hue angle, h° TSS (°Brix) VitC (mg/100g) Dry matter (%)
AVTO1003 36.2a 47.9a 2.88a 23.02a 23.4a
AVTO1007 38.1ab 40a 2.32a 20.48a 23a
AVTO1008 34.7a 43.6a 2.9a 20.86a 19a
AVTO1122 38ab 46.2a 2.94a 21.46a 24a
AVTO1429 36.8a 44.3a 2.82a 24.1a 23.6a
AVTO1464 37.9ab 41.5a 2.48a 21.3a 24.2a
AVTO1704 39.1ab 40.2a 2.84a 21.14a 21.2a
AVTO1705 37.4ab 41.7a 2.52a 20.06a 24.6a
AVTO1706 41.2ab 44.1a 2.66a 21.4a 23.8a
AVTO1707 38.5ab 45.2a 2.6a 19.56a 20.6a
AVTO1710 33.1a 46.7a 2.78a 19.22a 21.6a
AVTO1715 39.ab 45a 2.9a 22.22a 21.6a
AVTO1716 38ab 43.7a 3.08a 21.12a 24.8a
AVTO1717 33.4a 42.4a 2.72a 22a 22.4a
AVTO1718 32.2a 41.5a 2.64a 18.64a 22a
AVTO1719 36.6a 45.6a 2.8a 22.72a 20.6a
AVTO1726 30.6a 43.8a 2.78a 19.92a 20.6a
AVTO1729 48b 74.6b 2.96a 20.72a 19.6a
ICRIXINA 39ab 48.7a 3.04a 23.9a 24.6a
KENEYA 36.a 44.9a 2.98a 20.98a 22.6a
KONICA 34.4a 47.3a 2.96a 23.6a 25.6a
MALINKA 34.8a 43.2a 3.22a 22.16a 22.6a
NAYELI 38.2ab 43.8a 3.02a 22.52a 22.4a
V1043614 36.1a 43a 2.88a 19.42a 23a
Table 2. Post harvest quality of different tomato varieties

15. Sub-activity GH1116-19: Determine yield and post-harvest
quality of vegetables as affected by improved soil
management practices in the dry season in Northern Ghana
Yield and quality of tomato fruits as affected by soil amendment
practices in the dry season in Northern Ghana
• Tomato are important vegetable crop in Ghana
• Tomato yield and fruits quality are highly dependent on the agronomic
practices
• Influence of soil amendment on both tomato yield and fruits quality are
poorly studied.
• Need to identify production practices options that increase yield and
enhance produce quality with minimal fertilizer use is becoming urgent
for the sustainability of food systems.
Objective: Evaluate the effect of soil amendment practices on the yield and fruits quality in tomato
production in Northern Ghana

16. Materials and methods
 Study site: Nyangua, Africa RISING technologies park, Northern Ghana
 Plant materials: Red ripe tomato fruits (stage 6), variety Pectomech
 Experimental design & Treatments
o Randomized Block Design with 4 replicates
o 4 Treatments:
• T1: Control (no soil amendment)
• T2: NPK15-15-15 fertilizer at recommended rate (200 kg/ha)
• T3: Manure at recommended rate (5 t/ha)
• T4: NPK15-15-15 and manure at half of the recommended rates
 Parameters measured: Yield, Dry matter content, Color parameters (Chroma & Hue angle), Total
Soluble Sugar (TSS) and Vitamin C content

17. Results and discussion
Effect of soil amendment practices on the tomato yield
b
a
a
a
Mean ± SE followed by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05, Bonferroni test.
T1: Control
T2: NPK15-15-15 fertilizer at
recommended rate (200 kg/ha)
T3: Manure at recommended rate (5
t/ha)
T4: NPK15-15-15 and manure at half of
the recommended rates

18. Effect of soil amendment practices on fruits quality parameters
Treatment Dry matter (%) Chroma Hue angle (h°) TSS (°Brix)
Vitamin C
(mg/100 g)
T1 21.40 ± 1.12 a 43.37 ± 1.33 a 49.50 ± 1.53 a 4.31 ± 0.12 a 31.24 ± 1.34 a
T2 21.95 ± 0.96 a 43.64 ± 1.67 a 48.91 ± 2.05 a 3.87 ± 0.11 b 31.71 ± 1.45 a
T3 23.25 ± 0.97 a 45.47 ± 1.54 a 50.19 ± 2.05 a 4.25 ± 0.13 ab 32.87 ± 1.31 a
T4 23.10 ± 1.02 a 46.30 ± 1.29 a 55.46 ± 2.74 a 3.97 ± 0.09 ab 32.42 ± 1.09 a
p-value 0.522 0.435 0.117 0.019 0.814
Mean ± SE within column followed by different letters are significantly different at p < 0.05,
Bonferroni test. T1: Control, T2: NPK15-15-15 fertilizer at recommended rate (200 kg/ha),
T3: Manure at recommended rate (5 t/ha),T4: NPK15-15-15 and manure at half of the
recommended rates

19. Conclusion and recommendation
• Yield significantly affected by the absence of soil amendment
• Only fruits TSS was influenced by the soil amendment practices
• Treatment T4 (combination of half manure and half mineral fertilizer) appears to be
the best option although no significant difference was observed between the
amendment practices
• Future studies- Repeat of the experiment, varietal effect and different rates range for
the fertilizer and the organic manure on the quality parameters and yield

20. Post-harvest trial
• Effect of storage methods on the
postharvest quality and shelf-life of
tomato fruits
• The experiment layout;
• T1: Vegetable stored in ZECC ,
• T2: Vegetable mixed with shea butter
wood ash (1:2 w/w)
• and stored in ZECC,
• T3: Vegetable mixed with shea butter
wood ash (1:2 w/w) and stored in
ambient conditions
• T4: Vegetable without any treatment
and stored in ambient conditions

21. Storage and sampling
• Tomato fruits were harvested at light-red maturity
stage (stage 5)
• A minimum of 45 fruits were stored in each
experimental unit (16 exp unit)
• Washed, dried and be placed in plastic crates and
stored using 4 storage methods
• Stored fruits were monitored at 3-day interval during
10 days for weight loss, visual quality and quality
attributes (color, total soluble sugar, titratable acidity
and Vitamin C).

22. Team contributions to SIAF
7. Sustainable intensification indicators
Domain Indicator Metrics and scale of
measurement
Results/Data
1 Productivity Crop
productivity
Yield (kg/ha/season)
at the field/plot level
Best tomato, pepper & onion yield
increased respectively by 11,94, 31,94 &
56,84 tons/per hectare at plot level (as
compared to check)
2 Environment - Prevailin
g
diseases
- Soil
quality
analysis
- Disease score at
plot level
- Soil chemical
quality (NPK, pH,)
total organic
matter at plot
level
-Prevailing diseases: Early blight, Viruses
and bacterial leaf spot;
-Prevailing insects: Whiteflies & tomato
fruit borer
- Soil quality analysis: samples collected
& analysis on the way

23. Domain Indicator Metrics and scale of
measurement
Results/Data
3 Social - Gender
preference for
varieties
-Field level (variety
rank/sex; rank/age)
-Under analysis
4 Human Capacity to
experiment
-Food quality analysis
& nutrients contents
as affected by
different fertilizer
applications
-Quality parameters at plot level
determined (color, total soluble
solids, acidity, vitamin C)
- Weight loss (kg/ha) at farm &
plot levels : data under analysis

24. Research progress towards outcomes
Policy changes, any known uptake or adoption by end users, students, training
- Vegetable-maize intercrops systems optimized for Ghana & Mali
- Superior improved vegetable varieties for consumption and income:
- Onion: AVON1308 , AVON 1310
- Tomato: UC82
- Pepper : Mankohem, Jaune du Burkina, Red Long
- Optimized soil amendment : 2019 trials
- Empowerment of youth through agribusiness (technologies adoption success story in Navrongo)
- Training of students & end-users: postharvest management & nutrition support practices (Ghana
& Mali)

25. Scaling efforts
• Involvement of local vegetable Seed enterprises, MoFA.
• Envision partnering with NGOs, farmers’ cooperatives and associations in the region and
health & nutrition partners.
• The establishment of research-for-development plots to demonstrate technologies.
• Participatory and joint learning approaches for variety selection in the community-based
vegetable hubs as well as farm fields;
• Radio talks to raise awareness on good nutritional behavior (Dr M. Saaka)
Future direction of research
• Finalize production manuals for selected technologies ; varieties, vegetables intercrops
• Focus on actions for visibility: finalize variety registration in Ghana & Mali (onion)
• Focus on data analysis, article publication with technical support of project chief scientist,
biometrician for variety & agronomic evaluations
• 2020: Consolidate data for IPM, diseases & pests characterization, post harvest
management as affected by soil amendment
• Level of research reached : pre-release (IPM, post harvest) to release stages (varieties &
cropping system)

26. Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net
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