1. JabberwockyJabberwockybyby
Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe:
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.
"Beware the Jabberwock, my son!
The jaws that bite, the claws that catch!
Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun
The frumious Bandersnatch!"
He took his vorpal sword in hand:
Long time the manxome foe he sought --
So rested he by the Tumtum tree,
And stood awhile in thought.
And, as in uffish thought he stood,
The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame,
Came whiffling through the tulgey wood,
And burbled as it came!
One, two! One, two! And through and through
The vorpal blade went snicker-snack!
He left it dead, and with its head
He went galumphing back.
"And, has thou slain the Jabberwock?
Come to my arms, my beamish boy!
O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!'
He chortled in his joy.
`Twas brillig, and the slithy toves
Did gyre and gimble in the wabe;
All mimsy were the borogoves,
And the mome raths outgrabe.

2. ““ Stop -Stop - don’tdon’t
touch thattouch that
dictionary. Thedictionary. The
definition of thedefinition of the
word you don’tword you don’t
know is right hereknow is right here

3. Context CluesContext Clues
 Words or phrases around an unfamiliarWords or phrases around an unfamiliar
word which can help you understand theword which can help you understand the
meaning of this new word are calledmeaning of this new word are called
context cluescontext clues. If you learn how to use. If you learn how to use
these clues, you can save yourself a tripthese clues, you can save yourself a trip
to the dictionary, increase yourto the dictionary, increase your
vocabulary, and improve your readingvocabulary, and improve your reading
comprehension.comprehension.

4. Context CluesContext Clues
 Vocabulary knowledge is mandatory toVocabulary knowledge is mandatory to
achieve success.achieve success.
 Often when confronted with an unfamiliarOften when confronted with an unfamiliar
word within its context, students will skipword within its context, students will skip
over it and continue to read, or they willover it and continue to read, or they will
stop reading altogether.stop reading altogether.

5. Context CluesContext Clues
 The sentence might offer an example ofThe sentence might offer an example of
the word or tell what the word does.the word or tell what the word does.
If you encounter an unfamiliar word,If you encounter an unfamiliar word,
context clues or other words around it incontext clues or other words around it in
the sentence or paragraph can help youthe sentence or paragraph can help you
figure out its meaning.figure out its meaning.

6. 1. Context Clues1. Context Clues
GuidelinesGuidelines
 AfterAfter the word or thatthe word or that directly followdirectly follow thethe
unfamiliar word.unfamiliar word.
 Example: TheExample: The trektrek,, or journey, becameor journey, became
more challenging as we approached themore challenging as we approached the
top of the mountain.top of the mountain.

7. 2. Context Clue2. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 Authors often useAuthors often use punctuation cluespunctuation clues toto
help the reader.help the reader. Punctuation cluesPunctuation clues
might include commas, dashes,might include commas, dashes, oror
parentheses.parentheses.
 Example: In order to keep the dogsExample: In order to keep the dogs
inside the yard, we built ainside the yard, we built a parapetparapet, a low, a low
wall or railing.wall or railing.

8. 2. More Examples2. More Examples
 MaryMary retainedretained,, kept, the deed to her mother'skept, the deed to her mother's
house.house.
 I wonder if that fruit isI wonder if that fruit is edibleedible,, able to be eaten.able to be eaten.
 The company is going through manyThe company is going through many
transitions,transitions, changes.changes.
 Children are oftenChildren are often loquacious,loquacious, very talkativevery talkative
and active.and active.
 Bigamy,Bigamy, marriage to two spouses at themarriage to two spouses at the
same time,same time, is not legal in the United States.is not legal in the United States.

9. 3. Context Clue3. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 Before the wordBefore the word calledcalled..
 Example: The worm ate the middle layerExample: The worm ate the middle layer
of the peach, which is called theof the peach, which is called the
mesocarpmesocarp..

10. 4. Context Clue4. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 In theIn the previousprevious sentence.sentence.
 Example: Everyone at the dinner tableExample: Everyone at the dinner table
cleaned their plates and asked forcleaned their plates and asked for
seconds. As the guests left, they said theseconds. As the guests left, they said the
dinner wasdinner was delectabledelectable..

11. 5. Context Clue5. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 In theIn the nextnext sentencesentence
 Example: Jake left the waitress aExample: Jake left the waitress a paltrypaltry
tip. She forgot to give them glasses oftip. She forgot to give them glasses of
water, brought out cold food, and neverwater, brought out cold food, and never
checked on them, so she deserved achecked on them, so she deserved a
small tip.small tip.

12. 6. Context Clue6. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 By replacing the unfamiliar word with aBy replacing the unfamiliar word with a
““predictionprediction” word to see if it fits or” word to see if it fits or
makes sense.makes sense.
 Example: He acted like aExample: He acted like a buffoonbuffoon at theat the
party by telling jokes and laughing tooparty by telling jokes and laughing too
loudly and too often.loudly and too often.
(prediction word: fool)(prediction word: fool)

13. 7. Context Clue7. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 By studying the unfamiliar word’sBy studying the unfamiliar word’s prefix,prefix,
suffix, or rootsuffix, or root word and writing the meaningsword and writing the meanings
to figure out the meaning of the word.to figure out the meaning of the word.
Example: The only part of the cityExample: The only part of the city recognizablerecognizable
to Ian was the Sears Tower.to Ian was the Sears Tower.
(-able=capable of being/recognizable)(-able=capable of being/recognizable)

14. 8. Context Clue8. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 By asking yourself if the word soundsBy asking yourself if the word sounds
positive or negativepositive or negative..
 Example: The evil queen cast aExample: The evil queen cast a sinistersinister
glare at the elf when he asked her aglare at the elf when he asked her a
question. (evil=negative)question. (evil=negative)

15. 9. Context Clue9. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 By figuring out the word’sBy figuring out the word’s part ofpart of
speechspeech, such as a noun, verb, adjective,, such as a noun, verb, adjective,
or adverb.or adverb.
 Example: HeExample: He guzzledguzzled water rapidly afterwater rapidly after
the race.the race.
 (Guzzled is a verb. He did something to(Guzzled is a verb. He did something to
the water.)the water.)

16. 10. Context Clue10. Context Clue
GuidelineGuideline
 The context clue may be aThe context clue may be a synonymsynonym (words(words
with almost the same meaningwith almost the same meaning)) or anor an
antonymantonym (words opposite in meaning(words opposite in meaning)) for thefor the
unfamiliar word.unfamiliar word.
 Examples: Reducing cholesterol has a number ofExamples: Reducing cholesterol has a number of
beneficialbeneficial results. Oneresults. One positivepositive outcome is reducingoutcome is reducing
the risk of heart disease. (the risk of heart disease. (synonym cluesynonym clue))
 II despisedespise liver, but Iliver, but I adoreadore steak. (steak. (antonymantonym
clueclue))

17. Practice 1Practice 1
 I have always lived inI have always lived in cubbyholescubbyholes. After. After
moving away from home, my first apartmentmoving away from home, my first apartment
was just awas just a cubbyholecubbyhole in a large building. It wasin a large building. It was
no more that 8' by 12' and had a bed in oneno more that 8' by 12' and had a bed in one
corner. My second was no more than a largecorner. My second was no more than a large
walk-in closet. My current one is about 10 feetwalk-in closet. My current one is about 10 feet
long by 12 feet wide, but it at least has twolong by 12 feet wide, but it at least has two
rooms.rooms.
 Possible Answer:Possible Answer:
 A. Small space B. Large Space C. HomeA. Small space B. Large Space C. Home

18. Practice 2Practice 2
 The floors of the restaurant wereThe floors of the restaurant were
extremelyextremely scuzzyscuzzy. They were covered. They were covered
with spilled grease, crumbs of food, andwith spilled grease, crumbs of food, and
cigarette butts.cigarette butts.
 Possible Answer:Possible Answer:
 A. Clean B Dirty C. StraightA. Clean B Dirty C. Straight

19. Practice 3Practice 3
 The contractor was always wellThe contractor was always well
remuneratedremunerated for his work. For example,for his work. For example,
he received $10,000 for a small additionhe received $10,000 for a small addition
to a house and last year he was receivedto a house and last year he was received
$5,000 for reconstructing a stairway.$5,000 for reconstructing a stairway.
 Possible Answer:Possible Answer:
 A. Valued B. Given C. PaidA. Valued B. Given C. Paid

20. Practice 4Practice 4
 The department store carries a variety ofThe department store carries a variety of
breechesbreeches, for example they carried, for example they carried
Levis, Wranglers, and even some plainLevis, Wranglers, and even some plain
unlabeled brands made of cotton.unlabeled brands made of cotton.
 Possible Answer:Possible Answer:
 A Clothes B. Pants C. SocksA Clothes B. Pants C. Socks

21. Practice 5Practice 5
 Josie received aJosie received a baublebauble for a presentfor a present
from her great aunt. This she put with herfrom her great aunt. This she put with her
others, a pair of imitation earrings, a fakeothers, a pair of imitation earrings, a fake
emerald pendant, and a ring that lookedemerald pendant, and a ring that looked
like a ruby.like a ruby.
 Possible Answer:Possible Answer:
 A. Rings B. Fancy eats C. JewelryA. Rings B. Fancy eats C. Jewelry