B ARCH SEM 5 CLADDING MATERIALS

1. CLADDING MATERIALS
REPORT BY
ADUITI SHARMA
YAMINI PATIDAR

2. CLADDING
Cladding is the application of one material over another
to provide skin or layer intended to control the
infiltration of weather elements, or for aesthetic
purposes.[ Cladding does not necessarily have to
provide a waterproof condition but is instead a
control element. This control element may only serve to
safely direct water or wind in order to control run-
off and prevent infiltration into the building structure.
Primary objectives of the cladding system itself are:
 Provide an enclosure to the structure which will give the necessary protection against
the elements,
 Exploit dry construction methods where possible, including the use of off-site
prefabrication
 Impose the minimal additional dead load onto the frame.
 Enhance the architectural concept/appearance of the building.
OBJECTIVES OF CLADDING
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
OF CLADDING
 Strength and stability
 Compatibility with Integration
with vertical and horizontal frame
members/elements
 Weather resistance
 Durability
 Thermal insulation
 Fire requirements
 Sound insulation
 Aesthetic

3. STONE CLADDING
Stone cladding is comprised of thin
layers of natural or simulated stone
(simulated stone is much cheaper than
real stone) on the exterior of homes or
buildings. Homes with stone cladding
tend to look more elegant, natural, and
earthy.
APPLICATION TECHNIQUES
 Typical thickness of marble and slate slabs
might be 18 mm, while lime stones and
sandstones tend to be thicker.
 Stone slabs are fixed back to the wall surface
by many of non-ferrous metal cramps (such as
phosphor, bronze, brass or copper) as
illustrated in the following figures.
 One end of the cramp is built into the wall,
while the other end hooks into a recess in the
slab. The cramps may be built into the wall by
such means as either:
setting the cramps into mortar joints
as a brick wall,
cutting a “pocket” (or mortise) in a
concrete wall, and bedding the cramp
into the pocket with mortar.
 The manufactured stone can be cut with a brick
trowel, hatchet or similar tool to achieve sizes
and shapes required for fitting stones and
keeping mortar joints to a minimum.

4. MECHANICAL SYSTEM OF STONE CLADDING
The mechanical stone cladding method uses fixed or embedded anchors or ties to
attach the stone to the substrate. Because holes to be drilled and mechanical ties
or anchors used, this method of cladding requires stone that is a bit thicker than
other methods. Stone that is 1 inch in thickness is recommended, along with
leaving a gap of approximately 3/4-inch between the stone and the substrate. This
allows for movement and better drainage, as is the case with spot bonding.

5. TIMBER CLADDING
Timber cladding comes in horizontal
boards, shingles, or panels. It’s a
popular choice for many homeowners
because the look of real timber on
homes is rustic, warm, and inviting. It
also is a good natural insulator, and
it’s an environmentally friendly
cladding choice.
Timber cladding systems are available
in planks and shingles. The wood for
this type of cladding usually comes
from trees like cedar, pine and oak.
Horizontal boards are fixed to
vertical battens and these will not
restrict either drainage or the
vertical circulation of air in the cavity,
providing that horizontal battens are
omitted at the top and bottom of the
cladding. If these are necessary to
provide support for fixings for other
components, they should be smaller
than the vertical battens in order to
not to block the ventilation path
APPLICATION METHOD
Vertical boards will be fixed to horizontal
battens and if the boards are tight-jointed, these
battens will prevent drainage and vertical
circulation of air within the cavity and so it is
necessary to introduce vertical counter battens
behind the horizontal battens. Although a 12mm
minimum gap would theoretically be adequate
between the horizontal battens and the inner
wall, counter battens should be increased in
thickness to avoid the risk of the wood splitting
when the battens are fixed through to timber
studwork or masonry behind.

6. Battens fixed to cross-laminated timber with battens and counter battens.
Battens fixed to cross-laminated timber with rigid insulation

7. BRICK CLADDING
Brick cladding is an exterior facing for a
structure which is made from brick. While
cladding typically does not bear weight, thus not
contributing to the stability of a structure, it
plays a number of important other roles in a
building.
Cladding essentially comprises the external
envelope of a building, the layer of a
structure which protects the inside. Brick
cladding is designed to shed and repel water
so that the water cannot reach the internal
framing of the building. This reduces the risk
of damage to the framing caused by mold
and mildew. It also keeps water out of the
inside of the structure, keeping the interior
dry and pleasant.

8. METAL CLADDING
 Metal cladding is a type of exterior cladding made
of metal. While composed of a different material, it
performs the same function that nearly all other
types of cladding do, which is to protect the
exterior or interior of a building. Outside of
structural protection, cladding can also be used to
improve the look of a building. Metal cladding can
be very useful for both purposes, as metal in
general is typically very strong and durable, and its
wide variety of types and finishes provide for
aesthetic versatility. Unlike most other types of
cladding, however, metal cladding can also be
used for roofing.
 Metal cladding can give your home a sleek,
modern look, and it comes in a range of colors to
suit your home. Steel and aluminum are popular
metal choices for metal cladding systems. You can
count on your metal cladding system to be strong,
durable, lightweight, and long lasting.
ALUMINIUM is one of the most popular options for cladding purposes. This is primarily
because aluminium, unlike copper or steel, cannot rust or corrode, making it highly
desirable for homes, buildings or other structures located close to an ocean. Aluminium is
also very lightweight, making it usable for both side and roof cladding. Also, like most other
metals, it can be painted nearly any colour. The only downside is that aluminium is not as
strong as steel and may not provide the same level of protection in harsher environments.
STEEL is often desired for its high strength, but is typically only used for industrial
applications. Most grades of steel are prone to rust and typically require regular
maintenance. There are some grades of steel, however, that are rust-resistant. One of
these is galvanized steel, which is incredibly popular for both cladding and other
applications where long-lasting strength is required. Other grades, such as stainless steel,
are very similar in this regard, but are often far more expensive and typically aren't
employed for cladding purposes.
COPPER is another type of metal cladding which is usually used only for roofs or other
finishing work. While it may provide adequate protection, it is often chosen for its aesthetic
appeal alone. Copper starts out as a bright, shiny orange, but eventually corrodes into a
light green. This colour is highly desirable for many buildings and is often chosen solely for
that purpose. From a functional standpoint, however, copper and other metals are chosen
for sloped roofing applications because they allow for snow to slide off easily, unlike tile or
shingles.
TYPES OF METAL CLADDING

9. METAL CLADDING INSTALLATION
DIAGRAM SHOWING INSTALLATION

10. RAIN-SCREEN CLADDING
Rain screen cladding includes an outer
skin (of rear-ventilated) cladding attached
to an existing/new building. While the outer
layer takes care of the exterior weather
elements, the inner layer provides thermal
insulation and carries the wind load, hence
conserving energy.
A ventilated rain screen system features a continuous air
space, open at top and bottom, to encourage airflow and
convective drying when water gets between the cladding and
the exterior wall of the building—whether due to wind-driven
rain, bulk water shedding, or capillary action through porous
cladding. This cavity must be protected with overhangs and
screens so that bulk water and insects cannot get in. To
further ensure that moisture will not penetrate the building
envelope, a properly designed rain screen system also
needs a continuous moisture barrier over the sheathing to
create a drainage plane on the outer face of the exterior wall.
Ventilated systems are most common in homes and small
commercial buildings. They should not be confused with
vented systems, which are open only at the bottom; these
systems encourage drainage but do not have sufficient
airflow to enable convective drying.
ADVANTAGES
By insulating the structural wall externally the following benefits are achieved:
•Thermal bridging is eliminated because there are no interruptions caused by floor slabs
•Temperature fluctuations are minimised due to insulation on the outside.
•Interstitial condensation is prevented as vapour pressure and wall temperature restricts
condensation to the ventilated cavity.
Heat from the sun is dissipated so that the temperature is dispersed in the cavity and ventilated
through openings.

11. GLASS CLADDING
Advantages:
1. Use of glass in construction work adds beauty to the
building.
2. Its use fulfils the architectural view for external
decoration.
3. By using glass in interior, it saves the space inside the
building.
4. Glass cladding in building fulfil functional requirement
of lighting, heat retention and energy saving.
5. Its use appear a sense of openness and harmonious.
6. As toughened glass is available, one can have good
interior design with the use of glass in transparent
staircase, colored shelves, ceiling etc.
7. Glass is an excellent material for thermal insulation,
water proofing and energy conservation.
8. Glass is bad conductor of heat; it saves energy in air
conditioning of building.
9. For making glass partition on upper floors, no extra
design is required for slab as glass is light in weight.
Forms of glass cladding : There is a range of
glass cladding forms suitable for both steel
framed as well as solid frame buildings.
Curtain Walling
Structural Glazing
Bolted Glazing
Fin Supported Glazing
Cable Stayed Glazing
Suspended Glazing
Frame-less Curtain Wall
detailFramed Curtain Wall detail

12. Stick frame systems/ Structural Glazing:
Stick frame curtain walls comprise glazing and cladding attached to a stick frame of aluminium
extrusions, usually forming a rectangular grid of frame and panel on the facade. to
achieve favourable bonding the system uses high strength, high performance silicone to bond the
glass. The glazing is prepared in a factory by mounting a structural seal support frame onto the
glass, complete with appropriate setting blocks, location blocks and distance pieces. On site, the
support frame is attached to the building structure by mechanical means and the gap between the
glazing is sealed
Glass Double Glazing Detail
TYPES OF GLASS CLADDING