1. Motivation & Emotion Alex Donalson

2. Motivation Instinct Theory states that motivation is the result of biological, genetic programming. Thus, all beings within a species are programmed for the same motivations.

3. William McDougal William McDougal (1908) - influential theorist who viewed instincts as behavior patterns

4. theorists have never been able to agree on a list of instincts; Many instincts are NOT universal and seem to be more dependent on individual differences (for example, jealousy. Not all humans exhibit the same jealously levels, behaviors, etc.). today - instinct theory has a more biological emphasis for specific motives and not all (like aggression and sex). But, there is still a strong instinct perspective in the study of animals (ethology)

5. At the heart of this perspective, is the motivation to survive - we are biologically programmed to survive. And, all of our behaviors and motivations stem from biological programming. Thus, are actions are instincts.

6. Example of Instinct theory a human mother, unlike many other species, will stay awake with a crying infant all night long trying to provide comfort. Why? Instinct theory suggests that she is programmed to behave in this manner - it is not due to learning or conditioning, not to being raised properly or poorly, not to having strong female role models or weak role models, or anything else, other that pure biology.

7. Emotion Facial feedback emotion is the experience of changes in our facial muscles. In other words, when we smile, we then experience pleasure, or happiness. When we frown, we then experience sadness. it is the changes in our facial muscles that cue our brains and provide the basis of our emotions

8. Charles Darwin was among the first to suggest that physiological changes caused by an emotion had a direct impact on, rather than being just the consequence of that emotion

9. emotion is the experience of changes in our facial muscles. In other words, when we smile, we then experience pleasure, or happiness. When we frown, we then experience sadness. it is the changes in our facial muscles that cue our brains and provide the basis of our emotions

10. Example of Facial Feedback In one study an individual who is forced to smile during a social event will actually find the event more enjoyable.

11. http://www.alleydog.com/101notes/mot-emot.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instinct http://allpsych.com/psychology101/motivation.html