3. EPILEPSY
Based on clinical presentation and area of brain involved:
1-Focal or Simple partial seizures
Involve only a portion of the brain & consciousness preserved.
2-Generalized tonic- clonic seizures
Involve both hemispheres of brain with immediate loss of
consciousness.
A.Grand mal epilepsy
B.Absence seizure
C.Status-Epilepticus
7. PHENYTOIN
Mechanism of action:
It blocks voltage-gated Na channels by binding to the channel in the
inactive state and slowing its rate of recovery.
10. LAMOTRIGINE
Mechanism of action:
It blocks voltage-gated Na channels by binding to the channel in the
inactive state and slowing its rate of recovery.
12. CARBAMAZEPINE
Mechanism of action:
It blocks voltage-gated Na channels by binding to the channel in the
inactive state and slowing its rate of recovery.
14. VALPROATE
Valproate is a first-line broad-spectrum antiseizure drug , effective
against many seizure types.
Mechanism of action:
Na channel blockade
Blockade of GABA transaminase
Blockage of T-type Ca channels.
17. VALPROATE
Adverse effects:
1-GIT:
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and heartburn
2-Weight gain (↑ appetite )
3- Hair loss
4- Idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity
5- Thrombocytopenia
6- Pregnancy
Neural tube defects (spina bifida), ↑ incidence of cardiovascular,
orofacial, and digital abnormalities
18. ETHOSUXIMIDE
Ethosuximide is a first-line drug for generalized absence seizures.
Mechanism of action:
Inhibition of low-voltage activated T-type calcium channels in brain.
20. STATUS EPILEPTICUS
It is defined as abnormally prolonged or repetitive seizures.
Treatment:
1-Lorazepam or diazepam
2-Fosphenytoin or phenytoin, Valproate
3-Phenobarbital
4-Propofol or thiopental
5-General anesthesia