This document discusses various ways to express future time in English, including: 1) The be going to future, which expresses intention or prediction based on present evidence. 2) The present continuous as future to describe arrangements and plans that have already been made. 3) The future with "will" to make predictions, announcements, express hopes or intentions formed at the moment of speaking. 4) The simple present for future events part of a fixed timetable. 5) The future continuous to describe future activities or events without intention. 6) The future perfect and perfect continuous to refer to completion of an activity by a future time or duration of an activity up to a future time.

1. Verbs
“Future Forms”
Grammar 4th Semester
Ade Sudirman, S.Pd

2. The be going to future
Use :
 To express intention. The speaker had the
intention before the time of speaking:
I’m going to visit Bob tomorrow.
 To make a prediction based on present
evidence:
The sun’s going down. It’s going to be
dark in half an hour.

3. Present continuous as future
Use:
To describe arrangements.
To talk about the future when the plans
have been made. It is quite informal and is
used to describe personal arrangements
such as social activities rather than official
plans, so the subject of the verb should be
a person or people not a thing:
I’m meeting Charlotte for lunch tomorrow.

4. Contrast
be going to future VS present
continuous as future
 I’m going to visit my aunt in hospital tomorrow.
 I’m visiting my aunt in hospital tomorrow.
 Look at that helicopter coming down. It’s
going to land in a minute.
 Look at that helicopter coming down. It’s
landing in a minute
 He’s having a swim.
 He’s going to have a swim.
Intention
arrangement

5. Future with “will”
Use:
 To make a statement of fact or prediction
about the future:
 Sam will be there tomorrow.
 To make formal announcements of future
plans and to present weather forecast:
 Rain will continue throughout the day.
 To express hopes, expectations, thoughts
about the future:
 I expect they’ll be here soon.

6. Future with “will” (cont…)
Use:
 In sentence containing clauses of condition or
time:
 I’ll phone you when I get there
 To express an intention when the decision is made
at the time of speaking:
 Oh, isn’t there? I‘ll get some in town. I’m going there
later on.
 To express the idea of willingness:
 I’ll do it for you.
 To make offers or suggestions or to ask
suggestions, advice, instructions:
 Shall I help you with that?

7. Contrast
be going to VS will
Intention:
 Be going to : the intention is premeditated.
The decision was made before the time of
speaking or writing and plans have
probably already been made:
 A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on
Friday, don’t you?
 B: Yes, I’m going to buy her a present at
this afternoon.

8. Intention
(cont…)
Will : the intention is unpremeditated.
The decision is made at the time of
speaking or writing.
 A: You know it’s Emily’s birthday on
Friday, don’t you?
 B: Actually I’d forgotten. Thanks for
reminding me. I’ll buy her a present this
afternoon.

9. Contrast
Prediction
 Be going to: the prediction is based on some
form of evidence that exists in the present.
 Oh look! That car is going to crush.
 Will: to express
beliefs, hopes, thoughts, assumption, and
doubts about the future:
 It’ll be a difficult year for the new Prime
Minister.

10. Simple present as future
Use:
 We use simple present to refer to the future in
clauses of time and condition:
 We’ll phone you when we get there.
 Please wait here until I get back.
 We can use simple present to refer to future
events when the event is part of fixed
timetable:
 The flight leaves at 6 o’clock in the morning.

11. Future Continuous
Use:
To describe an activity that will be in
progress at a point in the future.
 This tome tomorrow we’ll be sitting on the
plane.
To describe an activity that will cover the
whole of a future time period.
 I’ll be working in the office all evening.

12. Future Continuous
(cont…)
 To describe a future event without expressing
deliberate intention.
 I’ll be seeing him at the music club tonight so I’ll
give it to him for you.
 To describe what we assume someone else is
doing at this moment.
 Don’t phone her now. It’s 4 o’clock and she’ll be
collecting the children from school.

13. Contrast
future continuous VS will future
Will future:
express intention, belief, hope, assumption and
willingness.
I’ll come and visit you tomorrow.
Future continuous:
Indicates future activity or event but does not
express intention or willingness.
I’ll be coming to visit you tomorrow so I can
bring the magazine then.

14. Future Perfect and Continuous
Use:
 We use the future perfect to say that, at a
certain time in the future, something will be
completed and be in the past. It is often used
with by+ time reference:
 I’ll have finished this book by tomorrow.
 I’ll have told him the news by the time you get
here.

15. Future Perfect and Continuous
(cont…)
 We use the future perfect and continuous with
for to talk about the duration of an activity or
state up to a time in the future.
 We’ll have lived here for two years in January.
 She’ll have been working here for ten years soon.
 We use the future perfect continuous to
describe an activity leading up to a time in the
future.
 They might be tired when you see them because
they’ll have been working hard.

16. Assignment 5
Practice 15, p.55;
Practice 16, p.57;
Practice 20, p. 65;
Practice 21, p. 67.
The end
Thank you