I am attaching my comments from the first draft. I am not seeing much revision to the introduction, on which I commented extensively. Arranged marriages What is marriage? Marriage is a connection between a male and a female to help each other in life, work, and happiness. Also, marriage is to breed humankind. A couple would be together for the rest of their lives, so when choosing your life partner you should be very careful. In order to get married, there are different ways based on the cultures that the person grew up in. For example, Muslims countries the most common way of marriage is the arranged marriage, the western countries the most common marriage is the love marriage. Moreover, there is the forced marriage, which is the least common marriage and it occur in Asian countries especially Muslim countries, and this thing does not have to do with religion, but because of the cultures and traditions. Although many people in western countries believe love is an important value to have in marriage, love is the main reason why people choose to get married, there are other factors that should be taken into consideration such beliefs, traditions, and values. Therefore this would lead to lower divorce rate and give the couples time to know each other. Arranged marriage occurs under the parent’s perspectives. Since the parents know their son/daughter they can easily choose the life partner for him/her. Parents grew their children based on what they believe; this plant parent would harvest it when the children grow up. However, arranged marriage does not happen until the couple agrees. They can easily see each other once before marrying, and can talk to each other Parents know how did their children raised and what does he/she prefers so choosing the right life partner is not hard to them. Also, the male have the right to give his specification on the female that he would marry, and the female has the right agree or refuse the male. There are many benefits of the arranged marriage for example, the male and the female has the right to see each other, and to talk about what do they like and dislike. By those two benefits the couple have the chance to know each other more. In Saudi Arabia the arranged marriage has two main steps to get married. The first one is called “Milkah”, Milkah is when a couple be officially married but they are still do not live together. In this step the couple have the right to go out together and no one can tell them anything. For example, they can meet in the female home and sit together to talk about their future. This step does not have a specific period of time; it depends on the couple. If this step had been completed and everything between the couple flows in a good shape they proceed to the next step. The second step called “Zwaj” Which means wedding, the wedding happens after the Milkah and everything for the marriage must been set up during the Milkah period. The couple now can live together and the first thing.

1. I am attaching my comments from the first draft. I am not
seeing much revision to the introduction, on which I commented
extensively.
Arranged marriages
What is marriage? Marriage is a connection between a male and
a female to help each other in life, work, and happiness. Also,
marriage is to breed humankind. A couple would be together for
the rest of their lives, so when choosing your life partner you
should be very careful. In order to get married, there are
different ways based on the cultures that the person grew up in.
For example, Muslims countries the most common way of
marriage is the arranged marriage, the western countries the
most common marriage is the love marriage. Moreover, there is
the forced marriage, which is the least common marriage and it
occur in Asian countries especially Muslim countries, and this
thing does not have to do with religion, but because of the
cultures and traditions. Although many people in western
countries believe love is an important value to have in marriage,
love is the main reason why people choose to get married, there
are other factors that should be taken into consideration such
beliefs, traditions, and values. Therefore this would lead to
lower divorce rate and give the couples time to know each
other.
Arranged marriage occurs under the parent’s perspectives. Since
the parents know their son/daughter they can easily choose the
life partner for him/her. Parents grew their children based on
what they believe; this plant parent would harvest it when the
children grow up. However, arranged marriage does not happen
until the couple agrees. They can easily see each other once
before marrying, and can talk to each other
Parents know how did their children raised and what does
he/she prefers so choosing the right life partner is not hard to
them. Also, the male have the right to give his specification on

2. the female that he would marry, and the female has the right
agree or refuse the male.
There are many benefits of the arranged marriage for example,
the male and the female has the right to see each other, and to
talk about what do they like and dislike. By those two benefits
the couple have the chance to know each other more.
In Saudi Arabia the arranged marriage has two main steps to get
married. The first one is called “Milkah”, Milkah is when a
couple be officially married but they are still do not live
together. In this step the couple have the right to go out
together and no one can tell them anything. For example, they
can meet in the female home and sit together to talk about their
future. This step does not have a specific period of time; it
depends on the couple. If this step had been completed and
everything between the couple flows in a good shape they
proceed to the next step. The second step called “Zwaj” Which
means wedding, the wedding happens after the Milkah and
everything for the marriage must been set up during the Milkah
period. The couple now can live together and the first thing they
do is the honeymoon.
However, arranged marriage in Saudi Arabia must meet
requirements such as, religion, traditions, and values. Interfaith
marriages does not occur in Saudi Arabia because the Islam,
which is the only religion practiced in the country, prohibits
this thing. Interfaith marriages occur in the United States and
have a big percentage. According to Stanley Fish a professor at
Florida International University who writes in The New York
Times Riley’s research showed that interfaith marriages rate in
the United States is 42 percent. That means the couples get
married with different religion, nowadays couples in western
countries such as America do not consider religion in marriage.

3. Works Cited
Fish, Stanley. “Marrying Out of the Faith.” The New York
times. Web. 16 April 2013.
Flanigan, Santana. “Arranged Marriages, Matchmakers, and
Dowries in India”
Postcolonial Studies @ Emory. Fall 2000. Edited Oct 2012.
Web. 24 Apr 2013.

4. Prof Comments. Please consider it.
You must incorporate research (not just what you think). Also
think how you can relate this to One Amazing Thing. Why do
you think Jiang’s marriage was successful? Why do think
Uma’s parents want her to marry an Indian man?
What is marriage? Marriage is a connection between a male and
a female to help each other in life, work, and happiness—Is
marriage just between a man and woman?. Also, marriage is to
breed humankind—Aren’t there people who are married who
choose to not have children or are unable to have children?. A
couple would be together for the rest of their lives—are they
always together for the rest of their lives?, so when choosing
your life partner you should be very careful. In order to get
married, there are different ways based on the cultures that the
person grew up in. For example, Muslims countries the most
common way of marriage is the arranged marriage, whereas in
the western countries the most common marriage is the love
marriage. Moreover, there is the forced marriage, which is the
least common marriage and it occur in Asian countries
especially Muslim countries, and this thing does not have to do
with religion, but because of the cultures and traditions.—Do
you need to add this? Although many people in the west believe
love is an important value to have in marriage, love is not the
most important factor in a marriage. Arranged marriages have
lower divorce rates because the relationships are based on the
parents believe, tradition, and value. Therefore couples have
less to argue about.
Indent--Arranged marriage occurs under the parent’s
perspectives—what do you mean?. Since the parents know their
son/daughter they can easily choose the life partner for him/her.

5. Parents grew their children based on what they believe; this
plant parent would harvest it when the children grow up.
However, arranged marriage does not happen until the couple
agrees. They can easily see each other once before marrying,
and can talk to each other—Support?
Parents know how did their children raised and what does
he/she prefers so choosing the right life partner is not hard to
them. Also, the male have the right to give his specification on
the female that he would marry, and the female has the right
agree or refuse the male. –Support?
There are many benefits of the arranged marriage for example,
the male and the female has the right to see each other, and to
talk about what do they like and dislike. By those two benefits
the couple have the chance to know each other more.—Support?
In Saudi Arabia the arranged marriage has two main steps to get
married. The first one is called “Milkah”, Milkah is when a
couple be officially married but they are still do not live
together. In this step the couple have the right to go out
together and no one can tell them anything—what do you
mean?. For example, they can meet in the female home and sit
together to talk about their future. This step does not have a
specific period of time; it depends on the couple. If this step
had been completed and everything between the couple flows in
a good shape they proceed to the next step—what if things don’t
go well? I thought you said they were married. Support?. The
second step called “Zwaj” Which means marriage, the marriage
happen after the Milkah and everything for the marriage must
been set up during the Milkah period. The couple now can live
together and the first thing they do is the honeymoon. How
does Milkah affect a woman’s virtue?
However, arranged marriage in Saudi Arabia must meet
requirements such as, religion, traditions, and values. Interfaith
marriages does not occur in Saudi Arabia because the Islam,
which is the only religion practiced in the country, prohibits
this thing. Interfaith marriages occur in the United States and
have a big percentage. According to Stanley Fish a professor at

6. Florida International University who writes in The New York
Times Riley’s research showed that interfaith marriages rate in
the United States is 42 percent.
STATISTICS FINAL 15
Statistics Final
Name
Institution
Running head: STATISTICS FINAL 1

7. Statistics Final
1. Classify the following studies as descriptive or inferential
and explain your reasons:
a. (1 pts.) A study on stress concluded that more than half of all
Americans older than 18 have at least “moderate” stress in their
lives. The study was based on responses of 34,000 households
to the 1985 National Health Interview Survey.
This is an inferential study because it is casting predictions
about a large population i.e. all American beyond 18 years from
analysis of a sample i.e. 34,000 households. This is typical of
inferential studies where one does not have access to the whole
population of interest to the study and normally has to base
findings on a limited number of data. The study given as an
example above has used the results from the analysis of a
sample and generalized it to the larger American population.
b. (1 pts.) A report in a farming magazine indicates that more
than 95% of the 400 largest farms in the nation are still
considered family operations.
This is a descriptive study. The data was collected from a small
population and a good description is offered which makes it
easier to interpret the data. In the example given, a statistical
measure (95%) has been used to describe the group that was
being studied (400 largest farms). The results given do not
allow us to arrive at conclusions concerning a larger group.
2. Thirty-five fourth-grade students were asked the traditional
question “what do you want to be when you grow up? The
responses are summarized in the following table:
Employment
Frequency
Relative Frequency
Teacher
8
0.229
Doctor
6

8. 0.171
Scientist
3
0.086
Police Officer
9
0.257
Athlete
9
0.257
a. (2 pts.) Construct a pie chart for relative frequency
b. (2 pts.) Construct a bar graph for the relative frequencies
3. In a college freshman English course, the following 20
grades were recorded
48 88 47 39 45 44 98 76 84 54
67 91 84 38 75 38 35 82 42 82
Subject
Grade
1
35
2
38
3
38
4
39
5
42
6
44

9. 7
45
8
47
9
48
10
54
11
67
12
75
13
76
14
82
15
82
16
84
17
84
18
88
19
91
20
98
1257
STDDEV
21.59989
Mean
62.85
Variance
466.5553

10. Q1
43.0
Q2
60.5
Q3
83.0
Find the:
a. (1 pt.)Quartiles for the above data set
1st quartile = 43
2nd quartile = 60.5
3rd quartile = 83
Inter-quartile range = 83 43 = 40
b. (1 pt.)Range for the above data set
The range for the above dataset is 35 to 98
c. (1 pt.)Mean for the above data set
Mean = 62.85
d. (1 pt.)Variance for the above data set
Variance = 466.5553
4. The age distribution of students at a community college is
given below:
Age in Years
Number of Students (f)
Under 21
4946
21 - 25
4808
26 - 30
2673
30 - 35
29036
Over 35
525

11. Suppose a student is selected at random. Let
A = the event the student is under 21
B = the event the student’s age is between 21 and 25
C = the event the student’s age is between 26 and 30
D = the event the student’s age is between 31 and 35
E = the event the student’s age is under 35
Age in years
Number of students
A
Under 21
4946
B
21 - 25
4808
C
26 - 30
2673
D
30 - 35
29036
E
Over 35
525
Total
41988
P (B)
0.114508907
P (E)
0.987496428

12. a. (2 pts.) Find P (B)
P (B) = 0.114508907
b. (2 pts.) Find P (E)
P (E) = 0.987496428
5. A study of the effect of college education on job satisfaction
was conducted. A contingency table is presented below:
Attended College
Did not Attend
Total
Satisfied with job
325
186
511
Not satisfied with job
190
369
559
Total
515
555
1070
If you were to randomly sample an individual from this
population, find the probability of selecting an individual who
is
a. (2 pts.) satisfied with job
Individuals satisfied with job = 325 + 186 = 511
Total population = 1070
P (satisfied with job) = 511/1070 = 0.478
b. (3 pts.) did not attend college given not satisfied with the
job
Individuals who did not attend college given not satisfied with
the job = 369
Total population = 1070

13. P (did not attend college given not satisfied with the job) =
369/1070 = 0.345
c. (3 pts.) not satisfied with job, and did not attend college
Number of individuals not satisfied with job = 559
Number of individuals who did not attend college = 555
Total population = 1070
P (not satisfied with job, and did not attend college) =
(559/1070) * (555/1070) = 0.271
6. The random variable x is the number of houses sold by a
realtor in a single month at the real-estate office. Its
probability distribution is:
Houses sold (x)
Probability P(x)
0
0.09
1
0.24
2
0.21
3
0.17
4
0.03
5
0.15
6
0.09
7
0.02
a. (3 pts.) Compute the mean of the random variable.
μ = xi Pi
Household (x)
Probability P (x)
xP(x)
0

14. 0.09
0
1
0.24
0.24
2
0.21
0.42
3
0.17
0.51
4
0.03
0.12
5
0.15
0.75
6
0.09
0.54
7
0.02
0.14
μx
2.72
Mean of random variable x = 2.72
b. (3 pts.) Compute the standard deviation of the random
variable.
x2 = (xi μ x)2 Pi
Household (x)
μ x

15. xi μ x
xi μ x
Probability P (x)
xi μ x Pi
0
2.72
-2.72
7.3984
0.09
0.665856
1
2.72
-1.72
2.9584
0.24
0.710016
2
2.72
-0.72
0.5184
0.21
0.108864
3
2.72
0.28
0.0784
0.17
0.013328
4
2.72
1.28
1.6384
0.03
0.049152
5
2.72

16. 2.28
5.1984
0.15
0.77976
6
2.72
3.28
10.7584
0.09
0.968256
7
2.72
4.28
18.3184
0.02
0.366368
xi μ x Pi
3.6616
x xi μ x Pi
3.6616
x
1.913530768

17. Standard deviation x = 1.913530768
7. According to the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics,
the mean height of 18 -24 year old American males is = 69.7
inches. Assume the heights are normally distributed with a
standard deviation of 2.7 inches.
Fill in the following blanks:
68.26% = 1
1 = 2.7 inches
69.7 2.7 = 67 inches
69.7 + 2.7 = 72.4 inches
95.44% = 2
2 = 2.7 * 2 = 5.4 inches
69.7 5.4 = 64.3 inches
69.7 + 5.4 = 75.1 inches
99.74% = 3
3 = 8.1 inches
69.7 8.1 = 61.6 inches
69.7 + 8.1 = 77.8 inches
a. (1 pt.) About 68.26% of 18 -24 year old American males are
between 67 and 72.4 inches tall.
b. (1pt.) About 95.44% of 18 -24 year old American males are
between 64.3 and 75.1 inches tall.
c. (1 pt.) About 99.74% of 18 -24 year old American males are
between 61.6 and 77.8 inches tall.
8. The average of freshman college students is = 18.5 years,
with a standard deviation = 0.4 years.
a. (4 pts.) Let x̅ denote the mean age of a random sample of n =
50 students. Determine the mean and standard deviation of the
random variable x̅ .
Average age = 18.5 years
x̅ is the sample mean of 50 randomly chosen students.
The mean of random variable x̅ = population mean = 18.5 years.

18. The standard deviation of random variable x̅ is given by = / =
Where = population variance; which can be assumed to be 0.4
years
= 0.4 / = 0.05656854 years
b. (4 pts.) Repeat part (a) with n = 100.
The mean of random variable x̅ = population mean = 18.5 years.
= 0.4 years
The standard deviation of random variable x̅ is given by = 0.4 /
= 0.04 years
9. A brand of salsa comes in jars marked net weight 680 grams.
Suppose the actual mean net weight μ = 680 grams with a
standard deviation of 22.7 grams. Further suppose that the net
weights are normally distributed.
a. (4 pts.) Determine the probability that a randomly selected jar
of this brand of salsa will have a weight less than 660 grams.
Z = Z-score
Z = (x μ) / / (n) = (660-680)/22.7/ (1) = 0.881057
P (have less than 660 grams) = 0.189143412
b. (4 pts.) Determine the probability that the 15 randomly
selected jars of this brand of salsa will have a mean weight of
less than 660 grams.
P (15 randomly selected jars will less than 660 grams) = 0
10. (8 pts.) Each year a large university collects data on
average beginning monthly salaries of its business school
graduates. A random sample of 125 recent graduates with
bachelor’s degrees in marketing has a mean stating monthly
salary of x̅ = $1635 with a standard deviation of s = $288. Use
these data to obtain a 90% confidence interval estimate for the
mean starting monthly salary, µ, of all recent graduates with
bachelor’s degrees in marketing from this university.
Confidence interval (CI) = mean (t * S. E. M) to mean + (t * S.
E. M)
Where standard error of mean (s. e. m) = SD /
Sample size n = 125
Degree of freedom = 125 1 = 124
Probability = 1 0.9 = 0.1; P ˂ 0.1

19. From excel; TINV (0.1, 124)
Value of critical - t = 1.657234971
x̅ = $1635
SD = $288
S. E. M = 288/ = 25.7595031
25.7595031 * 1.657234971 = $42.68954937
For the lower end of the range: 1635 42.68954937 = 1592.31
For the upper end of the range: 1635 + 42.68954937 = 1677.69
90% confidence interval = $1592.31 to $1677.69
We can be 90% confident that the starting monthly salary for all
recent graduates with bachelor’s degree in marketing lies
between $1592.31 and $1677.69.
11. A college administrator wants to study the average age of
students who drop out of college after only attending one
semester. He randomly selects 25 students who are in this
group. Their ages are listed below:
35.6 20.1 18.1 21.3 20.1 19.2 18.5 18.9 18.6 18.4 19.2
18.8 17.7 21.0 19.3 24.2 19.0 19.6 18.6 19.4 20.3 20.4
19.6 19.9 19.2
Assume that the ages are normally distributed with a standard
deviation of sigma = 0.8 year.
a. (5 pts.) Find a 95% confidence interval for the mean age, µ,
of first semester college dropouts.
Sample size n = 25
Student
1
4
Age

20. 35.6
20.1
18.1
21.3
20.1
19.2
18.5
18.9
18.6
18.4
19.2
18.8
17.7
21
19.3
24.2
19
19.6
18.6
19.4
20.3
20.4

21. Total Age
Mean age
19.6
19.9
19.2
505
20.2
Sample mean = 20.2 years
Degree of freedom = 25 1 = 24
Probability P ˂ 0.05
From excel; TINV (0.05, 24)
Value of critical - t = 2.063898547
x̅ = 20.2
SD = 0.8 years
S. E. M = 0.8/ = 0.16
2.063898547 * 0.16 = 0.330223767 years
95% CI = from (20.2 0.330223767) years to (20.2 +
0.330223767) years
For the lower end of the range: 19.86977623 years
For the upper end of the range: 20.53022377 years
The 95% confidence interval for the mean age of first year
college dropouts is between 19.9 to 20.5 years.
b. (3 pts.) Interpret your results in part (a) in words.
The results above imply that we are 95% confident that the true
population mean of first semester college dropouts lies within
the calculated confidence interval i.e. 19.9 years and 20.5 years.
12. An insurance company stated that in 1987, the average
yearly car insurance cost for a family in the U.S. was $1188. In

22. the same year, a random sample of 37 families in California
resulted in a mean cost of x̅ = $1228 with a standard deviation
of s = $21.00.
a. (4 pts.) Does this suggest that the average insurance cost for
a family in California in 1987 exceeded the national average?
The sample given cannot be used to make a conclusive judgment
as to whether the average insurance cost (μ 1) for a family in
California exceeded the national average (μ 2) for the year
1987. The reason is because the sample size (37 families) is too
small compared to the actual population of families in the U.S.
So the above statement remains to be an assumption until a
statistical procedure is used to verify it.
b. (4 pts.) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses
for this question.
The appropriate hypotheses are:
Null hypothesis, H0: μ1 μ 2 = 0;
Alternative hypothesis, H1: μ1 μ 2 0
c. (4 pts.) Perform the statistical test of the null hypothesis at a
significance level of 5%
n = 37
Degree of freedom (DF) = n 1 = 37 1 = 36
S = $21
Solution
:
Standard error of mean difference (SE) = S / = 21 / 36 = 3.5
t-score (t) = (d’ D) / SE = (40 0) / 3.5 = 11.42857143
d’ is the mean difference between the sample pairs = 1228 1188
= 40
D = 0 is the hypothesized mean difference between population

23. pairs
Finding P (t ˂ 11.42857) = 0; and P (t ˃ 11.42857) = 0
For this two-tailed test, the P-value for the probability that a t-
score having 36 degrees of freedom is less than 11.42857 or
greater than 11.42857 is 0.
Since the P-value (0) is lesser than the significance level (0.05),
the null hypothesis can be rejected i.e. it is not safe to say that
the average insurance cost (μ 1) for a family in California was
equal to the national average (μ 2) for the year 1987.
13. (10 pts.) A computerized tutorial center at a local college
wants to compare two different statistical software programs.
Students going to the center are matched with other student
having similar abilities in statistics (assume the matching
process creates matched pairs acceptable for use with the
appropriate paired test statistic for the null hypothesis of no
difference). A random sample of 10 student pairs is selected for
each pair, one student is randomly assigned program A, the
other program B. After two weeks of using the program, the
students are given an evaluation test. Their grades are:
Program A
Program B
64
62
68
72

24. 75
79
97
57
90
91
55
56
68
88
64
89
91
77
95
76
Do the data provide evidence, at the 5% significance level, that
there is a difference in mean student performance between the
two software programs? Assume that the population of all
possible paired differences is approximately normally
distributed. In support of your decision show the null and
alternative hypothesis and the value of the test statistics
computed for assessing the significance level.
Pairs

25. Program A
Program B
Difference, d
(d - d')
(d - d')squared
1
64
62
-2
0.1
0.01
2
68
72
4
6.1
37.21
3
75
79
4
6.1
37.21
4
97

26. 57
-40
-37.9
1436.41
5
90
91
1
3.1
9.61
6
55
56
1
3.1
9.61
7
68
88
20
22.1
488.41
8
64
89

27. 25
27.1
734.41
9
92
77
-15
-12.9
166.41
10
95
76
-19
-16.9
285.61
Total
-21

28. 3204.9
Mean of d = d'
-2.1
Probability P
0.733003906
n = 10
Degree of freedom (DF) = n 1 = 10 1 = 9