This presentation is based on COAL AND PETROLEUM of class9

2. 2 Different Types Of Natural
Resources
Inexhaustible Natural Resources- These
resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature and are
not likely to be exhausted by human activities.
Examples are: sunlight, air.
Exhaustible Natural Resources-The amount of
these resources in nature is limited. They can be exhausted by
human activities. Examples of
these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum,
natural gas etc.

3. Coal and petroleum are sources of energy that are non- renewable.
They were made in the nature a long time before and they will
finish after long-time use

4. COAL IS A COMBUSTIBLE
SEDIMENTARY, ORGANIC ROCK,
FORMED FROM VEGETATION. IN OTHER
WORDS COAL IS A FOSSIL FUEL
CREATED FROM THE REMAINS OF
PLANTS THAT LIVED MILLIONS OF
YEARS AGO. IT IS CONSIDERED AS A
NON RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY
BECAUSE IT TAKES TOO MUCH TIME TO
FORM.

5. Coal mainly
consists of carbon.
It also consists
some metal
compound and
some other
impurities.

6. General Applications of Coal
Coal as fuel
Coking and use of coke
Ethanol production
Coal tar

7. COAL IS USED AS A
SOLID FUEL TO PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY.
COAL IS USED AS A
SOLID FUEL TO PRODUCE
HEAT THROUGH
COMBUSTION

8. Coke is a solid carbonaceous residue derived from low-ash, low-
sulfur bituminous coal.
Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in
smelting iron ore in a blast furnace.
It is further used in making steel
The reaction of coal and natural gas was used for making
Buna rubber.
This reaction makes ethanol and it is used to make Buna rubber.

9. Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of high viscosity, which
smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Being flammable, coal tar is sometimes used for heating or to
fire boilers.
Coal tar is used in treatment of the skin disease psoriasis.
It is also used to make roads.

10. There are two ways to mine coal:
Surface mining
Underground mining

11. Surface Mining
Surface mining is a type of mining in
which soil and rock overlying the
mineral deposit (the overburden) are
removed. It is the opposite of underground
mining, in which the overlying rock is
left in place, and the mineral removed
through shafts or tunnels.

12. Underground Mining
Underground mining (soft rock)
refers to a group of underground
mining techniques used to extract
coal, oil shale and other minerals or
geological materials from
sedimentary ("soft") rocks.

13. Two Different Types Of
Mining
Surface Mining Underground Mining

14. List Of Coal Fields In India
South Karanpura Coalfield
North Karanpura Coalfield
Ramgarh Coalfield
West Bokaro Coalfield
East Bokaro Coalfield
Jharia Coalfield
Raniganj Coalfield
Singrauli Coalfield
Talcher Coalfield
Ib Valley Coalfield
Chirimiri Coalfield
Jhilimili Coalfield
Korba Coalfield
Mand Raigarh Coalfield
Sohagpur Coalfield
Umaria Coalfield
Pench Kanhan Coalfield
Wardha Valley Coalfield

15. How petroleum is
formed?

16. formed?
Petroleum is a naturally occurring,
flammable liquid , that are found
in geologic formations beneath the earth's
surface. It was produced when sea
creatures died and got covered with sand
and clay. Under high pressure , these
dead organisms changed into petroleum
and natural gases.

17. Refining Of Petroleum
Petroleum is a dark oily liquid. It has an
unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of various
constituents such as:
Petroleum Gas
Petrol
Diesel
Lubricating Oil
Paraffin Wax, etc

18. Refining Of Petroleum
The process of separating the various constituents/fractions of
petroleum is known as refining. It is carried out in a petroleum
refinery.

19. What is an oil well?
An oil well is a general term for any
boring through the earth's surface
that is designed to find and
acquire petroleum oil hydrocarbons. It
is used to pump out petroleum.

20. An Oil Well

21. Excess of Petroleum products and Coal
usage leads to...
Acid rain.
Coal-fired power plants emit mercury, selenium, and
arsenic which are harmful to human health and the
environment.
Release of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, which
causes climate change and global warming according to
the IPCC. Coal is the largest contributor to the human-
made increase of CO2
in the air.
Temperature of earth increases.

22. Natural Gas
Natural gas is a very important fossil fuel because
it is easy to transport through pipes. Natural gas
is stored under high pressure as ‘Compressed
Natural Gas’. CNG is used for power generation. It
is now being used as a fuel for transport vehicles
because it is less polluting. It is a cleaner fuel. The
great advantage of CNG is that it can be used
directly for burning in homes and factories where
it can be supplied through pipes.

23. We all know that coal and petroleum
are fossil fuels. It required the dead
organisms millions of years to get
converted into these fuels. On the
other hand, the known reserves of
these will last only a few hundred
years. Moreover, burning of these
fuels is a major cause of air pollution.
Their use is also linked to global
warming. It is therefore necessary that
we use these fuels only when
absolutely necessary. This will result
in better environment, smaller risk of
global warming and their availability
for a longer period of time.

24. In India, the Petroleum Conservation
Research Association (PCRA) advises
people how to save petrol/diesel while
driving. Their tips are:
Drive at a constant and moderate
speed as far as possible,
Switch off the engine at traffic lights
or at a place where you have to wait,
Ensure correct tyre pressure.
Ensure regular maintenance of the
vehicle.

25. POWER POINT PRESENTATION
MADE BY
AYUSH DABRA
OF CLASS VIII-C ROLL NO.8311