Results from the Choi et al. (2002) study on 401(k) automatic enrollment are consistent with many individuals behaving in accordance with the predictions of neoclassical models of consumption smoothing. saving too little due to present bias. not paying attention to their savings or procrastinating about savings decisions. All of the above. Question 4 1 pts Results from the Chetty (2009) study on individuals who moved from firms without 401(k) automatic enrollment to firms with 401(k) automatic enrollment suggest that employer-provided savings plans crowd out other savings for retirement, such that individuals do not ultimately end up with greater wealth at retirement when at a firm with automatic enrollment. most individuals respond passively to changes in employer plan settings. employer-provided savings plans with automatic enrollment decrease individuals' overall savings rates, leaving them at greater risk for having too little savings at retirement. All of the above..