Beyond Free: Open Textbooks
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Beyond Free: Open Textbooks
- 1. Beyond Free The BC Open Textbook Project Amanda Coolidge Manager, Open Education VCC, October 2, 2015 Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Feel free to use, modify or distribute any or all of this presentation with attribution
- 2. Connect the expertise, programs, and resources of all BC post-secondary institutions under a collaborative service delivery framework 1 2 3 Open Education & Professional Learning Student Services & Data Exchange Collaborative Programs & Shared Services
- 3. Open Education & Professional Learning OER Global Logo by Jonathas Mello is licensed under a CC-BY 30 License Support & promote the development & use of Open Educational Resources Support the development of effective teaching & learning practices 1 Connect the expertise, programs, and resources of all BC post-secondary institutions under a collaborative service delivery framework
- 4. BC Open Textbook Project 40 free & open textbooks for highest enrolled 1st & 2nd year post-secondary subjects in BC 2013 – 20 for skills & training First province in Canada 2013 – AB & SASK MOU $1 million 2013 - $1 million Visual notes of John Yap announcement, Giulia Forsythe Used under CC-SA license
- 5. Why are we doing this project? To increase access to higher education by reducing student costs To give faculty more control over their instructional resources To improve learning outcomes for students Annie Lennox campaigns with Oxfam at the AIDS Conference by Oxfam used under CC-BY-NC-ND license
- 6. The Project Don’t reinvent it by Andrea Hernandez released under CC-BY-NC-SA and based on Wheel by Pauline Mak released under CC-BY license
- 7. Where do they come from?
- 8. Faculty Reviews 291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
- 9. Reviews > Adaptations My Adventures Adapting a Chemistry Textbook291/365 by thebarrowboy used under a CC-BY
- 10. Creative Commons logo by Creative Commons used under a CC-BY 3.0 License CC license image from Copyright in Education & Internet in South African Law used under CC-BY 2.5 South Africa license
- 11. Faculty have full legal right to customize & contextualize open textbooks to fit their pedagogical needs
- 12. open = free + permissions
- 13. “Many students attending HCC have difficulty with the cost of college. Some students do not purchase books at all; other students use outdated editions or non-assigned books. In addition, the cost of textbooks may prevent students from taking an optimal course load. A reduced course load means more years in college and reduces the likelihood of completion. For these reasons, faculty were concerned that the cost of textbooks was interfering with student success. A faculty committee, with the support of administration, decided to make cost a primary consideration in the textbook adoption process.” Source: One college’s use of an open psychology textbook, John Hilton III, Carol Laman, Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning Volume 27, Issue 3, 2012
- 14. Source: One college’s use of an open psychology textbook, John Hilton III, Carol Laman, Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning Volume 27, Issue 3, 2012 “A group of six full-time and six adjunct HCC psychology faculty members participated in the adaptation of FWK’s Introduction to Psychology textbook. The adaptation was necessary in order to lower the reading level to one that the faculty felt was appropriate for HCC students (12th grade) and to incorporate additional learning objectives and key terms that they had identified as being essential to the course. Additional video links, relevant examples, and cross-cultural information were also added to the text.”
- 15. Source: One college’s use of an open psychology textbook, John Hilton III, Carol Laman, Open Learning: The Journal of Open, Distance and e-Learning Volume 27, Issue 3, 2012 Spring 2011, Traditional Textbook (n = ~370 students) Fall 2012, open Textbook (n = ~370 students) GPA 1.6 2.0 Withdrawal Rate 14% 7.1% Department Final Exam 67.6% 71.1% Table 1. Aggregated data, spring 2011 (traditional text) versus fall 2011 free text: multiple campuses and instructors.
- 17. Choices for students (and for adapters) Old Leather books, by Wyoming_Jackrabbit used under a CC-BY-NC-SA
- 18. Day 1 access to resources
- 19. “My textbook is… …back-ordered …in the mail …out of stock …the wrong edition …on hold until my student loan arrives …not needed until I decide I want this course” How often do students start the term without the resources they need?
- 20. Faculty have: Right to customize The textbook Students have: Day 1 access to that customized textbook and CHOICE +
- 22. 5.5 million views per month. The most visited chemistry website in the world. Delmar Larsen now offers extra credit to students who submit entries. He assigns a rating system to new articles based on the author's expertise and experience, with articles moving up as they are edited and vetted. Sources: ChemWiki takes on costly textbooks UC Davis News, October 2013 UCD Hyperlink Newsletter October 2014
- 23. Creating a community: Opportunities for collegial collaboration to create stronger resources
- 24. Sprints
- 25. Sprints
- 26. Sprints 2 Days 17 Psych Faculty 6 Institutions 850 Questions
- 27. Our Numbers 117 Open Textbooks 284 Adoptions 18 Institutions 9,067 Students $906,700-$1,185,537.15
- 28. Amanda Coolidge. acoolidge@bccampus.ca Unless otherwise noted, this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Feel free to use, modify or distribute any or all of this presentation with attribution http://open.bccampus.ca
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Thanks Rajiv. As mentioned, my name is Amanda Coolidge and I am a Manager of Open Education at Bccampus.
- Before we begin on the evolution of the BC Open Textbook Project I will give you a bit of background on Bccampus. Bccampus supports the work of the BC post secondary system in the areas of teaching, learning and educational technology. We are funded through the government of BC’s Ministry of Advanced Education. There are three primary areas that we focus on at Bccampus, open education and professional learning, collaborative programs and shared services, and student services and data exchange.
- The area that I work in and the one that houses the BC Open Textbook project is the area of Open Education and Professional Learning, where it is our mandate to support and promote the development and use of Open Educational Resources and support the development of effective teaching and learning practices. You may recognize some of these names on the slide as you may have taken part in SCOPE, ETUG, or perhaps searched for and downloaded Open educational resources from SOLR.
- The BC Open Textbook Project is the Ministry’s response to a number of the issues of student debt and restricted access that Rajiv pointed out. The Open Textbook project was first announced in 2012 at the Open Education Conference in Vancouver, by the then minister of advanced education, John Yap. He announced that the BC Provincial Government would provide the funding of $1 million in the creation of 40 open textbooks for the highest enrolled post-secondary subject areas in BC. In 2013 the government announced that another $1 million would be provided to develop 20 open textbooks for skills and training, in alignment with the BC Jobs Plan.
- There are three main reasons that propel our drive for open education and in particular in the open textbook project. We want to increase access to higher education by reducing students, we want to give faculty more control over their instructional resources, and we want to improve learning outcomes for students.
- At the start of the project in 2012, we did an inventory of the highest enrolled subject areas in BC post-secondary. We knew that many established open projects had already created and adapted open educational resources and open textbooks in some of these areas, so rather than start from scratch by creating our own textbooks we decided to adopt open textbooks that already existed and had a proven track record of high quality and widely adopted materials.
- Some of our adoptions came from OpenStax College out of Rice Univeristy, OER Commons, the Open Textbook Library out of Minnesota and Merlot repositories.
- We then posted these open textbooks in our collection and began to solicit reviews from BC faculty. Faculty were to review a book’s comprehensiveness, content accuracy, relevance, clarity, consistency and modularity. Each review was then posted with the open textbook in our collection. As you can see the review is posted with the reviewer’s name and which institution he or she is affiliated with and has a CC ND license attributed to each review.
- From the reviews we then put out a call for proposals for faculty to adapt the textbook based on the reviews. We wanted to ensure that whatever was missing or lacking from a textbook in our collection that it was then adapted to meet the needs of our BC Faculty. In some cases the reviews indicated that the books were too US centric, or that some of the chapters were not relevant for the BC context. Being able to adapt a textbook to meet specific learning outcomes, that is the power of working in the Open. The faculty had the opportunity to change the textbook. Here is one example of an adaptation- Professor Jessie Key at VIU adapted the Introductory Chemistry book based on the reviews submitted.
- Because of the creative Commons license associated with open textbooks,
- Faculty have the full legal right to customize and contextualize open textbooks to fit their pedagogical needs. This then makes the resources pedagogically stronger
- So once again, we refer back to what it means for a resource to be open. Sure, it means that it is free, but it also means it has certain permissions attributed to that resource that allow for reuse, remix, or redistribute the resource.
- A great example of an adaptation comes from Houston Community College. Many of the students at HCC have difficulty covering the cost of their education and as a result they do not purchase the textbook and if they do purchase the textbook they sometimes opt out of other courses because of affordability. The faculty at HCC were concerned about the affect textbook costs was having on student success and decided that cost would be a primary consideration of textbook adoption.
- As a result a group of 12 HCC faculty adopted Flat World Knowledge’s Introduction to Psychology textbook but soon realized that the text was at a higher reading level then what was typical of the HCC student. Because the faculty were working with an Open Textbook they were able to adapt the textbook to lower the reading level and incorporate additional learning objectives and key terms that were essential to the course.
- The faculty then conducted a study that showed that the withdrawal rate of students had significantly lowered as a result of the use of an open textbook, students did better on the final exam and increased their GPA.
- All of the BC open textbooks are created using Pressbooks, which is based on a Wordpress platform. It allows the books to be written in one format and then published in a variety of outputs. EPUB, PDF, MOBI, XML, etc.
- The benefit of multiple formats is that it means that students can choose the platform that they want to use. It also means that when faculty adapt the textbook they have a number of format options available to make those edits.
- Another benefit has been the access to resources on Day 1.
- Too often we have heard from students that the textbook is the wrong edition, that it is on hold until their student loan arrives, or the book is out of stock. It makes you wonder how often do our students start the term without the resources they need?
- Open means that faculty have the right to customize the textbooks and that students have both the CHOICE of how they want to access the book and of course having access to the book on day 1.
- The creation, adaptation and adoption of open textbooks has also lead to a greater conversation around open educational practices.
- Open Educational Practices refers to creating assignments that utilize the 5 R’s that Rajiv pointed out earlier. It means that rather than creating disposable assignments, that faculty create assignments that are authentic, have value and contribute to the greater good. An example out of UC Davis is a popular project called ChemWiki. The ChemWiki is a collaborative approach toward chemistry education where an Open Access textbook environment is constantly being written and re-written by students and faculty members resulting in a free Chemistry textbook .Similar to wikipedia there is a rating system and when faculty member Delmar Larson first created the Chem Wiki he did it for his own Chemistry course. Today it is the most visited Chemistry website in the world with 5.5 million views per month.
- The adaptation and the creation of open textbooks has also encouraged the development of the open education community in BC. We have created opportunities for collegial collaboration to create stronger resources.
- We have done this through sprints. For example the BCOER Librarian group, a group of BC Librarians who are advocates for open access and open textbooks conducted a sprint on creating OER libguides for BC instituions.
- In June of 2014 a group of 5 BC Geography Instructors gathered together to create a BC Geography textbook in 5 days.
- And over the course of the last year we have conducted two testbank sprints with faculty from across BC in Psychology, with the creation of 850 questions in 2 days and another testbank sprint with the Culinary Arts instructors from across BC, who created more than 1200 questions in 2 days. Our goal is to continue to enhance the textbooks in our collection by building up the ancillary resources of the open textbooks. Ancillary resources such as powerpoints, testbanks, videos, 3D images, lab manuals, and so on.
- So that brings me to where we are today, at the beginning of October 2015. Since the project started in 2012 we know have 104 textbooks in our collection, 282 known adoptions from BC faculty, 18 BC institutions participating, and over 9, 000 students who have been affected by open textbooks. We currently have a savings of between $904,900 -$1.1 million
- To find our collection of open textbooks you can go to open.bccampus.ca and should you have any follow up questions after today I would be happy for you to contact me. Thank you.