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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Job Integration of Disabled Persons
残疾人就业一体化
• People with disabilities are covered by both European
anti-discrimination legislation and occupational health and
safety legislation欧洲的反歧视法,以及职业健康和安全法规都维护了
残疾人的权益
• People with disabilities should receive equal treatment at work,
including equality regarding health and safety 残疾人在工作中应该被
平等的对待,包括健康和安全方面的平等
• workplaces should be accessible and safe for people with disabilities 工
作场所对残疾人来说应该是容易进入的和安全的
• national legislation and arrangements, should be applied to facilitate the
employment of people with disabilities, not to exclude them.国家的法
规和安排,应该促进残疾人就业,而不是排斥他们.

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Job Integration of Disabled Persons
残疾人就业一体化
✓ organise workplaces ‘to take account of handicapped workers, if
necessary. This provision applies in particular to:必要的话,工作场所
应该考虑残疾职工的需求. 以下是特别需要考虑的:
- doors, passageways, staircases, showers, washbasins, lavatories and
workstations used or occupied directly by disabled persons’ 门, 过道,
楼梯,淋浴,洗脸池,电梯,以及由残疾人直接使用或占据的工作场所
✓ make available work equipment that is suitable for the work and
may be used by workers without impairment to their safety and health.
使工作设备适宜于工作, 员工使用这些设备不会损害他们的安全和
健康
• Ergonomic principles must be taken fully into account when applying
minimum health and safety requirements 即使满足最少的健康和安
全要求, 也应该充分考虑人类环境改造学的原理

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Any risk assessment at the workplace should cover:工作场所的风
险评估应包括:
✓ the task, for example the design of the job, work activities;任务,例
如职位的设计,工作活动;
✓ the individual, for example any specific needs with respect
to disability; 个人,例如残疾人的特殊需要
✓ work equipment, for example assistive technologies,
whether workstations and equipment are adjusted to
individual requirements; 工作设备,例如工作场所和设备是否能满足
个人要求
✓ the work environment, for example the layout of premises,
lighting, access, exiting; 工作环境,例如房屋设施,照明,入口,出口的
布局
✓ work organization, for example how work is organized and
schedules; physical hazards, such as dangerous substances; for
example, asthma sufferers may be more sensitive to
chemicals used at work;工作安排,例如工作日程表, 物理危害,例如危
险物质. 举例来说, 哮喘患者可能对工作中的化学物质更敏感.

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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✓ take account of people’s abilities when
planning work — 规划工作的时候考虑人的能
力
disabled workers often have special skills, which
should not be lost because of poorly adapted
working conditions;残疾人通常有特殊技能,这
些技能不应因勉强适应工作环境而丧失
✓ consult the individuals concerned during the
risk assessment process; 在风险评估的过程中与
个人商议
✓ seek advice as necessary. This may be
provided by occupational safety and health (OSH)
services and authorities, health professionals,
safety professionals and ergonomists,
disability employment services or disability
organizations; 寻求可能的建议, 这可能由职业
安全与健康服务机构,健康专家,安全专家,生物
工程学者,残疾人就业服务或残疾人组织提供,

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Tips for providing reasonable accommodation and
a safe workplace for disabled workers 关于为残疾
人提供合适的住处和安全的工作环境的技巧
Accessibility does not just refer to access to buildings.
At work, accessibility refers to the ease with which
employees can use the premises, allowing them to be
as independent as possible. 使用性并不只是能自由进
出工作场所. 在工作中,使用性还指员工能使用其他
设施, 使他们尽量能独立工作
This applies to all disabilities, including mobility,
learning, visual or hearing impairments. Many
measures that are basic and inexpensive can make a
significant difference.这也适用于所有的残疾人,包括
行动,智力,视觉和听力受损的人.许多的措施是基本
的,不费成本的,但是能带来很大不同

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Examples of Work-place adaptations: 工作
场所调整的例子
✓ adjusting premises or workstations, for
example ramps; lifts; light switches; steps
edged in light paint; audio or warning sounds;
automatic opening devices on heavy doors;
door handles, bells, entry
devices reachable by wheelchair users and
locatable by the visually impaired; non-slip,
smooth flooring; 调整工作设施和工作场所,例
如斜坡, 电梯,电灯开关, 边缘有油漆的台阶,
音频或者警报声,笨重的门的自动开启设施,
门把, 警铃,轮椅使用者可以触摸到的开门装
置, 视觉受损的人可以找到的开门装置, 防滑
的、平整的地面
✓ assigning the person to a different work area,
for example ground floor, work room with
more access or space; 委派残疾人去不同的工
作环境,例如一楼,有更多入口或空间的工作
场所
✓ acquiring or modifying equipment, for
example Braille keyboard, hands-free phone;购
买或修理设备,例如盲人键盘,免提电话.

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Examples of Work-place adaptations:工作场所调整的例子
✓ modifying instructions or reference manuals, for example
visual, pictorial instructions; 修改说明或参考手册,例如视觉
的,图式的说明
✓ providing a reader or interpreter, for example providing a
text-phone (minicom) for a deaf person and booking a sign
language interpreter for particular meetings or occasions; 提供
一个阅读器或注释器,例如为失聪的人提供一个显示文本
的电话(小型计算器), 为特殊的会议或场合预订文字注释器
✓ installing voice recognition software on a computer for
someone who has a musculoskeletal upper limb disorder from
work, or has a visual impairment; providing zoom-text, notes
on disk, e-mail or audio-cassette for someone with a visual
impairment;为上肢肌肉骨骼失调或有视觉障碍的员工在电
脑上安装声音识别软件,为有视觉障碍的员工提供在光盘,
电子邮件或音频磁带上能放大的文本
✓ ensuring good lighting for the visually impaired 确保有视
觉障碍的人在照明充足的环境工作

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Signposting 路标
✓ considering things that can be done which will help a visually
impaired person find their way around (e.g. colour contrasts in
furniture, carpets, walls and doorways or indents in the floor
covering);考虑那些能帮助有视觉障碍的人辨识方向的办法
(例如家具,地毯,墙,门口或地面覆盖物的色彩对比)
✓ providing notices in large clear print so that people who are
partially sighted can see them clearly; 用清晰的大字打印布告,
使有部分视觉障碍的人能清楚地看到它
✓ providing Braille, tactile and large print signs by door
handles;在门把上提供盲文, 有触觉的和大字打印出来的标
示
✓ providing graphics and pictures, as signs may be easier for
people with learning disabilities;提供图解和照片,因为这些对
于有智力残疾的人来说更容易理解
✓ giving signs a matt finish to avoid reflection. 给这些标示刷
无光漆避免反光

9. EU-China Support Social Security
Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Work organization and duties: 工作组
织和职责
✓ allocating some of the disabled person’s
duties to another person, for example
driving;将残疾人的某些职责分配给其他
人,例如驾驶
✓ transferring the worker to a more
suitable post. 将残疾员工转移到更适合
的岗位上
Working hours:工作时间
✓ altering working hours, including to part
time if appropriate, for example to enable
the disabled person to travel outside
rush hours; allowing absence for
rehabilitation, assessment or
treatment;调整工作时间,可能的话采用
兼职,例如使残疾职工错开上下班高峰时
间,允许他们缺席去接受康复,评估或治
疗
✓ organizing a phased return to work.安排
他们定期返回工作

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Training and supervision:培训和监督
✓ taking measures to ensure that a disabled
person is not disadvantaged in regard to health
and safety training,
instruction and information, for example by:采
取措施确保残疾人在健康与安全方面的培训、
说明和信息接收上不是弱势群体, 例如:
✓ altering the time or location of training; 修订
培训的时间和地点
✓ providing course materials and information
in a different medium; 用不同的方法提供课
程材料和信息
✓ providing a reader or interpreter;提供一个阅
读器或注释器
✓ providing individual, tailored training;为个
人提供有针对性的培训
✓ ensuring written materials are in simple
language, which will make them more
accessible to everyone;确保书面材料用语简
单, 使得每个人都能理解

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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✓ providing any specific, additional OSH
training that disabled workers may need in
relation to their work or specific
equipment they have to use;为残疾人提供
特殊的,额外的职业健康和安全培训, 该
培训与他们的工作,或工作中要使用的设
备相关
✓ providing managers and staff with any
specific information and training they need
in how to support a worker with a
disability. Training will be needed for
those with a role to support the evacuation
of disabled workers in an emergency,
including in the use of any special
evacuation equipment.为经理和员工提供如
何支持残疾员工的特殊信息和培训.培训主
要针对那些在紧急情况下需要帮助残疾人撤
退的人,包括特殊的撤退工具的使用

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Emergency procedures:紧急情况的程序
Many measures to improve workplace
accessibility will also facilitate evacuation. 改善工
作场所使之更容易进入的许多方法,也能方便撤
退
✓ Is there a need to locate disabled workers to
parts of the building where they can leave the
building more easily?是否需要为残疾员工在建
筑物里定位,以变他们更容易离开?
✓ Is any special equipment needed, such as an
evacuation chair? Make a trial of equipment
before purchase, give training in its use and ensure
it is maintained是否需要特殊的设备,如撤退椅?
购买之前试用一下设备, 培训一下使用方法,确
保能维修

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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In the event of emergencies:发生紧急情况的时候:
• are specific members of staff designated to alert and assist employees with
visual impairments or others who have mobility problems (evacuation assistants)?
是否有指定的员工去协助有视觉障碍或其他行动障碍问题的员工 (协助撤退)?
✓ Are visual or vibrating alerting devices provided to supplement audible
alarms? 是否有视觉的或震动的装置作为音响警报的补充?
✓ Do routes and procedures take account of the potentially
slower movement of people with disabilities?是否为残疾人考虑了可能的较短
的路线或程序?
✓ Are all disabled people familiar with escape routes and
provided with instructions and training in safety
procedures? Distribute emergency procedures in Braille,
large print, text file, and cassette tape formats. 是否所有的残疾人都熟悉逃生路
线, 是否都参加了安全程序的说明和培训? 发放了用盲文,大字, 文本文件,盒式
磁带形式予以说明的紧急情况程序
;

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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✓ Are arrangements for people with disabilities included in the
written evacuation procedures?是否给残疾人提供了书面撤退
程序?
✓ Are employees encouraged to make a list of medications,
allergies, special equipment, names, addresses and telephone
numbers of doctors, pharmacies, family members and
friends, and any other important information?是否鼓励雇员做一个
列表,包括药物治疗,过敏症,特别设备,医生的姓名,住址,电话,药
品,家庭成员,朋友,以及其他重要的信息?
✓ Is there a supply kit available with patch kits to repair flat tyres,
and extra batteries for those who use motorized wheelchairs or
scooters?是否有工具包,其中有工具能修理轮胎？是否有轮椅或
滑行车的备用电池？
;

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Consulting workers 咨询员工
Consultation with workers and their representatives over health
and safety is a legal requirement. Their participation is also
fundamental to effective risk prevention, as they have knowledge
and experience of the work situation, providing employers with
a ‘reality check’. 咨询员工和他们的代表关于健康和安全事宜是法律要求.他们
的参与也是积极避免风险的基础,因为他们对工作环境有一定的认识,并在此
工作过,能够为雇主提供”真实性检查”
If employers take steps without consulting disabled workers
themselves, they may miss important information and disabled
workers may have different, but relevant experiences to take
into account. 假如雇主没有咨询残疾员工就采取行动,他可能遗漏了重要的信
息,因为残疾员工有不同但是相关的经验
For the same reasons, disabled people and worker representatives
should be involved in the process 因为同样的原因,残疾员工和员工代表应该被
纳入咨询程序
;

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Reform Project: Alberto Cerda
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Color contrast helps mobility:颜色对比帮助逃
生
Example way out例如出去的路
Not clear 不清晰 Clear清晰

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THANK YOU 谢谢
acerdamico@yahoo.es