1. Unit 4A-Middle Ages in Europe
 Feudalism-the system of political
organization prevailing in Europe from
the 9th to about the 15th centuries having
as its basis the relation of lords granting
parcels of land known as fiefs to lesser
knights who are known as vassals, who
in turn provide military service to the
lord.

2. Feudalism
 Reciprocal military obligations between
members of the warrior nobility in
Medieval Europe

3. Feudalism
 Characteristics-Lords grant parcels of land
known as fiefs to lesser knights who are
known as vassals, who in turn, provide
military service to the lord. Chivalry and
fealty between the lord and vassal
 Contributing Factors-Fall of the Roman
Empire leaves a gap in protection and
services to the people, invaders overrun
communities, people turn to their local lord
for protection

4. Unit 4A-Middle Ages in Europe
 Manorialism-smallest economic social
unit revolving around an estate,
controlled by a lord, who gives land and
protection to his serfs, who in turn give
him their services.

5. Manorialism
 Land=Wealth!!!
 Characteristics-Manors were self-sufficient
where serfs raised and produced nearly
everything needed for that community. The
open-field system allowed several families of
serfs to farm strips of the same parcel of land.
Living conditions were generally harsh.
 Contributing Factors-Model of villas in the
Roman Empire used to manage rural
economies; decline in overland and sea trade
after the fall of Rome as well as threats from
invaders promoted the self-sufficiency of the
manor.

6. Unit 4A-Middle Ages in Europe
 Schism-a formal division in or separation
from a church or religious body
 Great Schism- 1054-divides the Eastern
and Western Churches into Roman
Catholic and the Orthodox Church

7. Unit 4A-Middle Ages in Europe
 Hundred Years’ War-a series of wars
fought between England and France
from 1337-1453…Joan of Arc.

8. The Spread of Christianity
During the Middle Ages- “The
Age of Faith”
 Church develops in power during the
Middle Ages-THE AUTHORITY!
 People look to the Church for security,
stability, and protection in times of frequent
wars
 Shared beliefs bond the people of Medieval
Europe
 1054-Great Schism-divides the Eastern
and Western Churches into Roman
Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church

9. Christianity in Medieval Europe-
“The Age of Faith”
 Missionaries spread Christianity
 Authority in Medieval Europe based on
the Church
 Charlemagne crowned emperor by Pope
Leo III, which shows the close
connection between Church and state
 Church creates a system of justice,
canon law, to regulate peoples’ conduct

10. Religious Influence-The
Medieval Church
 Unifying force
 Shared beliefs and rituals
 Sense of security and community
 At the local level, Church was the religious
AND social center. People met there for
service, social gatherings, and festive
celebrations
 Performed social services such as caring
for the sick and the poor-operated most
hospitals in Medieval Europe

11. Thomas Aquinas
 Catholic philosopher and theologian of the
Middle Ages-13th Century
 “Summa Theologica” AKA “Summary of
Theology
 Establishment of universities-emerging from
the Dark Ages and “rediscovering” classical
thought (especially the Greeks!) It had been
preserved by the Byzantine and Islamic world
 Tried to reconcile Faith and Reason
 Known as Scholasticism-set the stage for the
Renaissance and Reformation

12. Roman Catholicism vs. Eastern
Orthodoxy
 Pope has authority over  Patriarch and other
all other bishops, kings, bishops lead the church
and emperors as a collective group
 Services conducted in  Services conducted in
Latin Greek or local languages
 Priests cannot marry  Priests may marry
 Divorce is not permitted  Divorce is allowed under
certain circumstances
Roman Catholicism- Eastern Orthodox-
Western Europe Byzantine Empire

13. How did the development of Christianity act
as a unifying social and political factor in
Medieval Europe and the Byzantine Empire?
 Missionaries  Constantine relocated the
 Political authority based on capital of the Eastern Roman
Empire-Constantinople
the Church
 Justinian constructs Hagia
 Charlemagne crowned Sophia and other churches
emperor by the Pope throughout the Byzantine
 Shared beliefs act as a Empire to show close
bond connection between Church
and state
 Stability and security
 Missionaries St. Cyril and St.
 “Age of Faith” Methodius-Cyrillic language
 System of justice-canon and Christianization of the
law Slavs (Russia)
Medieval Europe Byzantine Empire