The document is a slideshow presentation about the Aryans who migrated to India. It discusses where the Aryans originally came from, their settlement in India along the Indus and Saraswati rivers, their social structure divided into castes, their religious texts known as the Vedas, and aspects of their daily life including food, clothing, occupations, and their political system. The presentation was made by a group of students over 5 days using online research sources and their history textbook.

2. Name of members: Slide to Demonstrate:
Abhiroop 1-7
Abhishek 7-15
Aditya 15-16
Ankita 16-20
Apurva 21-28
Arkhodeep 29-35
Ashar 35-43
Avishek 44-48
Biprotip
Debojoti
49-52
53-55

3.  I with my whole team like to thank our
dear lovingly teacher: Mrs Shilpi
mam for giving such a nice ppt project
and for encouraging us to do the
project….
 I would also thank my dear friends of
my group who collected information and
made the project one of the best……

5.  Most civilized & cultured races
of the world. They were tall &
fair-complexioned people with
sharp features, & strong
physique

6. ¨Indians, English,
Germans, Spanish,
French & Persians pride
themselves to be the true
descendents of the
Aryans.
¨They came to India
during the second
millennium B.C. This age
is called the Vedic Age

8. ¨ Some of them think they are original
inhabitantS of india
¨ Some regard them aS invaderS who
deStroyed the Superior civilization of
the original inhabitant’S whom they
drove beyond the vindhyaS.

9. ¨hiStorianS agree that the
original home of the aryanS
waS in central aSia in
regionS around the caSpian
Sea.

10. ¨they might have been forced
to migrate due to Shortage
of food and fodder to Seek
Settlement in other landS.
¨aryanS who came to india are
called ‘indo-aryanS’.

12. ¨ Aryans first settled in Punjab
¨ Founded their first settlements on the banks
of the rivers Indus [Sindu] & Saraswathi
[which has since dried up]

13. ¨While driving the ‘Dasyus’ beyond the
Vindhyas and thus gained the
occupation of more and more land in
the eastern & northern parts of the
country –they renamed it as ‘Aryavarta’
[abode of the Aryans]

15. ¨Evidence of the Aryans are
found in the ‘Vedas’
¨‘Vedas’-means knowledge

16. ¨Different vedas are:
Rigveda – most ancient
Yajurveda
Samaveda
Atharvaveda

18.  Family life
 Food
 Games & Amusements
 Dress
 The Varnas /Castes

19. ¨ Lived in joint
families
¨ They followed the
patriarchal family
¨ Grihapati- eldest
male member in the
family who exercised
full authority over
all the members.

20. ¨ It was hIs duty to
perform sacrIfIces
or yajnas
¨women also
occupIed a posItIon
of honour – theIr
presence was
essentIal at all
relIgIous
ceremonIes. they
were gIven rIght
educatIon & some
even composed the
rIgvedIc hymns

21. ¨SSiimmppllee bbuutt
nnoouurriiSShhiinngg
¨WWhheeaatt aanndd
bbaarrlleeyy
ccaakkeeSS,, mmiillkk
&& mmiillkk
pprroodduuccttSS
lliikkee bbuutttteerr,,
gghheeee,, ccuurrdd,,
cchheeeeSSee..

22. ¨Found leisure for
enjoyment
¨Fond of merry-making
&
pastimes
¨Favourite
amusement –
horseracing,
chariot racing,
hunting

23. ¨Fas c i nat i on ff oorr ggaammbbll ii nngg wwii tthh
ddii ccee [[ tthhii ss ggaammee hhaass bbeeeenn
rreeff eerrrreedd tt oo ii nn tthhee RRii ggvveeddaa aass
ll eeaaddii nngg tt oo rruuii nnss aanndd
ssll aavveerryy]] ..
¨LLoovveedd mmuussii cc && ppll aayyeedd oonn aa
ff ll uutt ee wwhhii cchh rreesseemmbbll eedd tthhee
‘‘ VVii nnaa’’

24. ¨ Simple & generally consisted of 3 parts –
¨ Undergarment: nivi/dhoti
¨ Garment: vasa/shirt
¨ Over-garment : adhivasa
mantle/cloak of cotton & wool

25. ¨ Turbans were also commonly used by them
¨ Adorned their persons with gold & silver
ornaments garlands & wreaths of flowers
jewels etc.
¨ Ornaments were worn by men & women

26. ¨ Divided iinnttoo 44 VVaarrnnaass
¨ BBrraahhmmaannaass pprriieessttss wweerree
lleeaarrnneedd ppeeooppllee
wwhhoo
ppeerrffoorrmmeedd
ssaaccrriiffiicceess
¨ KKsshhaattrriiyyaass rruulliinngg ccllaassss
oorr
wwaarrrriioorrss

27. ¨VaishyaVaishyass
ttrraaddiinngg ccllaassss
ffaarrmmeerrss,,
ggoollddssmmiitthhss,,
wweeaavveerrss,, ppootttteerrss
eettcc
¨SShhuuddrraass
ddeesscceennddaannttss ooff
DDaassyyuuss ––sseerrvvee tthhee 33
hhiigghheerr
vvaarrnnaass

29. According to the four ashrams of life a man expected to lead
four stages of life:
Brahmacharya It refers to an educational
period of 14–20 years which starts before
the age of puberty. During this time the
traditional vedic sciences are studied,
along with the religious texts contained
within the Vedas and Upanishads.
GRIHASTHA The phase begins from 25
and lasts till 60 years .Grihastha is a
crucial stage in one’s life where man has
to balance both his familial an social
duties. He is married and manages his
household and at the same time looks after
the needs of the world outside. This is the
first stage where he puts his knowledge to
use.

30. VANAPRASTHA This phase
begins at an age of 50 and lasts
till he is 74. His children are
grown up and he slowly moves
away for the material ties. It is
his age for retirement and starts
walking on a path that will lead
him to the divine
SANNYASA The last stage in his
life comes when his phase begins at
74 and lasts till he dies. He is
completely free from the emotional
attachments. It is at this age then he
becomes an ascetic and completely
dedicates his life to serve god.

32.  Agriculture
 Domestication of animals
 Trade
 Discover y of Iron
 Other occupations and
Industries

33. ¨ Primar y occupation was cultivation of land
¨ Agricultural products – barley, wheat, rice,
cotton, oilseeds

34. ¨ Source of irrigation water – wells,
canals, sometimes from lakes
¨ People depended upon rains
¨ Fields cultivated by a pair of oxen.

35. ¨Domestication of animals
was another impor tant
occupation
¨Wealth and prosperity
depended on the
possession of a large
number of animals
[especially cows – which
was held in great esteem]

36. ¨Other animals domesticated
bulls, oxen, horses,
sheep, goats, asses, &
dogs.

37. ¨ They were not indif ferent to trade & commerce.
¨ Bar ter system – exchange of ar ticles was in vogue
¨ Cow was regarded as the standard of value. [value
of things was measured in terms of cows]

38. ¨Coinage known as “Nishka” was also
prevalent
¨Trade was mainly carried on by road.
¨Trade by sea was not quite unknown

39. ¨ Greatest contribution of the civilization is
discover y of iron
¨ Iron was – a hard & tough metal hence better
suited for making tools & weapons compared
to copper or bronze
¨ Iron was used in making axe-heads – used for
clearing jungles and making land fit for
cultivation

40. ¨Other products made were sickles, hoes,
plough-heads
¨Led to the development of various ar ts &
craf ts like carpentr y, black-smithy,
tanner y etc.

41. ¨ Iron tools helped
sculptor in creating
exquisite specimens
of sculptures and
rock-cut temples.
¨ Dif ferent rulers
equipped their armies
with dif ferent
weapons such as
swords, shields,
arrow-heads, spear-heads
etc.- laid the
foundation of vast
empires.

42. ¨ Indulged in many other professions &
occupations
¨ Chief industries referred to in the
Rigveda – carpenters, goldsmiths,
blacksmiths, weavers, leather’s,
potters & physicians.

43. ¨All work for the benefit of the
people as a whole
¨No profession was inferior & below
dignity

45. ¨Status of the King
¨Ministers and the King
¨The Sabha & Samiti
¨Mode of war fare

46. ¨Rigvedic
Ar yans lived
in tribes
called ‘Janas’
¨Each Jana
had its own
ruler called
‘Rajan”
¨Kingship was
generally
hereditar y.

47. ¨Elected
monarchies were
not unknown
¨People could
select a wor thy
monarch of their
own choice from
among the
members of the
royal family or
the nobility when
situation

48. ¨ King was
assisted by a
number of
ministers like
¨ Purohita
religious
adviser
¨ Senani
leader of the
army & helped
king against
his enemies.

49. ¨All ministers & of ficials were all men of high
character & exercised a sor t of great check
on the autocracy of the king
¨King was helpless without ministers as a
bird without its wings.

50. ¨ The tribes were
fur ther divided
into ‘Gramas’ or
the villages
¨ King also
consulted the
‘Gramini’[village
headman]
¨ Impor tant matters
were put before
the two
assemblies called
the Sabha &
Samiti.

51. ¨ Anybody could give his suggestions in the
Samiti
¨Membership of the Sabha was restricted to the
elders of the families
¨ Group of villages inhabited by the people of a
tribe was called the ‘Vish’ hence the king was
also known as ‘Vishpati’ [lord of the ‘Vish’]

52. ¨They were good warriors [developed
a high standard of warefare.
¨King & nobles fought on chariots.
¨Common people fought on foot.

53. ¨Warriors wore a coat of - armour, a
helmet, a hand & arm guard.
¨For of fence they used swords, spears,
axes, lances, bows & arrows [some times
poisoned]

54. ¨ Helmets, armours & shields were used
for defence
¨ They never attacked or wounded an
unarmed or sleeping enemy
¨ It was considered a sin to kill a person
who did not take par t in a battle

55.  We have Completed our project in 5 days with
the help of following things:
 1) wikipedia.com
 2)google.com
 3)slide share.com
 4) our Modern history book of class-9