The document discusses the classification and functions of management. It describes Luther Gullick's POSDCORB framework which classifies the primary functions of management as planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, reporting and budgeting. It then focuses on explaining the concept of planning in detail, defining it as deciding things in advance and looking ahead. It provides definitions of planning from various authors and discusses the steps involved in the planning process.

2. CLASSIFICATION OF MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
According to Luther Gullick gave the Keyword :
 P........................Planning
 O.......................Organizing
 S........................Staffing
 D........................Directing
 Co………………Coordinating
 R........................Reporting
 B........................Budgeting

3.  Primary function of management.
 Blue print of action & operation.
 Thinking before doing.
 Focus on the future course of
action.
 Specifies the objectives to be
achieved in future.

4. PLANNING
Deciding
Things
Well In
Advance

5. What to do?
When to do?
Where to do?
How to do it?
Who is to do so?

6. “Planning is a method or technique of looking ahead. It is a
deliberate conscious search used to formulate the design
& orderly sequence of actions through which it is
expected to reach the objective.”
-Dr. George Terry

7. “the plan of action is at one & the same time the result
envisaged, the line of action to be followed, the
stages to go through & the methods to use.”
-Hanry Fayol

8. “Planning is fundamentally a mental predisposition
to do things in an orderly way, to think before acting
& to act in the light of facts rather than of guesses.”
-Urwick

9. “Planning is the conscious process of selecting &
developing the best course of action to
accomplish an objective. It is the basic form
which future management decision springs.”
-M.C.Niles

10. 1- Define
the Task
2- Identify
the
resources
3-
Consider
alternative
4- Create
the
planning
5- Work
the plan
6-
Evaluate

12. FUNCTION OF MANAGEMENT

13. IMPORTANCE&ADVANTAGE OF PLANING
(1) Awareness for objective and result
(2) Uncertainity decreases
(3) Awareness of direction
(4) Improve ,promote research
(5) Co-ordination
(6) Guides decision making
(7) Foundation for decetralisation
(8) Presents economy in operations
(9) Easy control

14. AWAWENESS FOR OBJECTIVE AND RESULT

* due to proper planing ,awerwness for final goal
of the compony .
*short term and long term goal among employees and
workers becomes easy
*this goal is very easily successfull

15. UNCERTAINTY DECREASES
 Planing provides structurefor action plan.
 Empolyees and workers at all levels can easily
understand their responsibilities.
 They are very well awere what they needs to do
and within what time they required to finish it up.
 Every task is clearl mentiond.

16. AWARENESS OF DIRECTION
 Due to planing managers knowns how much he
work he need to comple within specific time.
 They are clearly and perfact results .
 This way of direction awareness for direction
increases.

17. PROMOTE AND IMPROVEMENT AND RESEARCH
 According to “awareness of a goods planing
process will provided avenue for individual
participation .
 Will throws up more ideas about the compony and
its environment .
 They clearly and new reaserch & development

18. ASSSIST IN CO – ORDINATION
 Planing provides the base for distribution of work
and proper inter – relationship can be managed .
 All the departments can be well connected .
 Due to this co-ordination among all department and
departmental heads becomes possible.


19. GUIDES FOR DECISION –MAKING
 Since planing is helpful for proper forecasting .
 But specefic cases it also provided information for
various option which option is best suitable for
circumstance is also provided
 Hence planing also provide for decision –making.

20. EASY CONTROL
 Sinse the responsibility of all department is already
decided in advance.if the work could not done as
per the order then the deficiency cab be easily
located.
 Hence, control activity should become simple for
the manager

22. LACK OF ACCURATE
INFORMATION:-
LACK OF ACCURATE
FORECAST:-
COMPLEX PROCESS:-
RIGIDITIES:-
LACK OF SPECIFIC
GOALS:-
LACK OF PLANNING
SKILLS:-
RESISTANCE TO
CHANGE:-

23. The reliability of a plan depends upon facts
& information on which it is based. If reliable
information & dependable data are not
available, planning is sure to lose its
importance.
LACK OF ACCURATE INFORMATION:-

24. Planning concerns future activity & its
quality will be determined by the quality of
forecast of future events. No manager can
predict completely & accurately the events
of future, the plans may cause problems in
operation.
LACK OF ACCURATE
FORECAST:-

25. Planning is a complex & expensive process. It
demands serious thinking, hard work & time.
Some managers do not like to undergo such a
complicated process as they like short-cuts.
Such planning may not yield the desired
results.
COMPLEX
PROCESS:-

26. Planning may result in internal inflexibilities.
By limiting individual freedom, planning may
stifle initiative & personal development.
Rigidities appear from managers negligence
to revise the plan, policies & procedures.
RIGIDITIES:-

27. Qualitative objectives like social
responsibility, management development,
quality of work life, etc are often expressed.
Planning cannot be effective unless goals
are specific & clear.1
LACK OF SPECIFIC
GOALS:-

28. Planning is an art & takes a special type of
person to plan. Not everyone is capable of
planning & solving organizational problems. A
planner should not only have skill, but also
intelligence & vision for long range planning &
must have ability to forecast.
LACK OF PLANNING
SKILLS:-

29. Resistance to change is another r factor which
puts limits on planning. It is commonly
experienced in the business world. Sometimes,
planners themselves do not like change & they
do not think it is good & necessary to bring
changes as it will create resistance on the part
of workers. This attitude makes the planning
process ineffective.
RESISTANCE TO
CHANGE:-

31.  Two or more people get together to achieve
common goal in consideration with distribution of
necessary authority and responsibility is simply
called as ORGANISATION.
 It is a proper arrangement of distribution of activities
within concern departments.
 Duties of departmental heads are assigning and
inter-relationship among all activities is set-out.
Whole programme should be set-out in such a way
that after completing the overall process. Objectives
will be achieved.

32.  Organisation is the process of identifying
and grouping of the work to be performed,
defining and delegating responsibility and
authority an establishing relation ships for
the purpose of enabling people to work
most effectively together in accomplishing
their objectives.

33. NATUREOFORGANISATION
1. Set-up to realise
objectives
2. Simplicity
3. Possibility for co-
operation
4. Division into
departments
5. Authority &
Responsibility
6. Leadership Oriented
7. closely linked with
planning
8. must be stable
9. Flexibility
10. Efficient
11. Easy for supervision
and control
12. Importance of
human element
 1. Organisation shows clear set-up for
all departments and also respective
departmental heads. Their authority
and responsibility is purely clarified.
 2. Employees and workers working in
department are clear about their
duties. They are aware of what they
have to do and to whom to report. It
eliminates confusion regarding duty.
 3. In organization, all departments
and departmental heads are intern
connected. So its easy to have
corporation among them.

34. NATUREOFORGANISATION
 4. All activities are divided into
different divisions. E.g. - purchase ,
product, finance, account etc.
 5. Authority and responsibility is
clarified in advance. All employees
and workers know their role and its
importance. Hence, due to healthy
inter-relationships, co-operation in
maintained.
 6. In organisation different activities
are divided into various departmental
heads. To perform such duties they
need sufficient authority.
1. Set-up to realise
objectives
2. Simplicity
3. Possibility for co-
operation
4. Division into
departments
5. Authority &
Responsibility
6. Leadership Oriented
7. closely linked with
planning
8. must be stable
9. Flexibility
10. Efficient
11. Easy for supervision
and control
12. Importance of
human element

35. NATUREOFORGANISATION
 7. authority and responsibility must be
allocated to perform duties very well.
If employee is required to fulfil some
responsibility then he must be given
some authority, otherwise he would
be confused.
 8. Formation of organisation is difficult
task. Expert advices should be taken.
Delegation of authority and
responsibility is also imp.
 9. Planning's should be changed as
objectives are changed.so
organization structure in flexible
manner is imp.
 10. Organisation structure should be
easy to understand. Everything
should be simple to understand.
1. Set-up to realise
objectives
2. Simplicity
3. Possibility for co-
operation
4. Division into
departments
5. Authority &
Responsibility
6. Leadership Oriented
7. closely linked with
planning
8. must be stable
9. Flexibility
10. Efficient
11. Easy for supervision
and control
12. Importance of
human element

36. NATUREOFORGANISATION
 11. Due to clarity and simplicity
different level of authority is easy to
identify. The responsibility is easy to
identify, so the duty of supervisor
becomes much easier.
 12. Organisation doesn't mean. only
the set-up of departments, furniture,
machines. Man is in centre of
organisation structure.
1. Set-up to realise
objectives
2. Simplicity
3. Possibility for co-
operation
4. Division into
departments
5. Authority &
Responsibility
6. Leadership Oriented
7. closely linked with
planning
8. must be stable
9. Flexibility
10. Efficient
11. Easy for supervision
and control
12. Importance of
human element

37. IMPORTANCEOFORGANISATION
1. Goal &
objective
2. Clarification of
authorities &
responsibilitie
s.
3. Facilitates
administration
4. Employee
awareness
 1. Efficient organisation supports to
achieve goal easily.
 2. All are aware of their duties and
responsibilities as well as authorities.
 3. Administration is difficult to handle
any activity without specification.
Specification arises only after proper
organization.
 4. On basis of organisational goal and
objectives, authority and responsibility
are clarified in advance, employees
and workers are aware with their
duties and importance of their
responsibility.

38. IMPORTANCEOFORGANISATION
5. Cooperation &
industrial
peace
6. Possibility for
specialisation
7. Solution for
employees
problem
 5. Authority and responsibility is
clarified in advance. All employees
and workers know their role and its
importance. Hence, due to healthy
inter-relationships, co-operation in
maintained.
 6. All activities are divided into
different departmental head and
respective supervisors ad employees
after continuation of same activity
becomes experts.
 7. Enployees are automatically aware
of their job, minor problems are easily
solved by themselves. Their mutual
understanding automatically
increases due to good organisation
structure.

39. IMPORTANCEOFORGANISATION
8. Supports
efficient
direction &
control
9. Discipline &
morale
increase
10. Use of
scare
resource
 8. Due to efficient organisation inter
relation among employees and even
among all departments become easy
Their responsibility and authority is
clarified in advance.
 9. After comparing the efficiency and
presentation of one department with
another department. management
can evaluate the performance.
 10. Supervisors and employees know
what to do and what is expected of
them, they do it efficiently. This directs
to maximum use of minimum
resources.

40. IMPORTANCEOFORGANISATION
11. Support
creativity
12. Assists new
technology
 11. A perfect organisation provides an
opportunity for new creation. It
supports also new research for
improvements in organisation
structure. The encouraging structure
provides base for showing their talent.
 12. A competent organisation is that
much of flexible that suits to the use
of new technology. Use of a new
machine or technique is helpful for
greater production at lowest cost. It is
necessary for profitability and
sustainability of the company

41. IMPORTANCEOFORGANISATION
13. Business
opportunity
14. Possibility
for growth
and
diversificati
on
 13. Management team slowly and
gradually become tension free due to
perfect distribution of authority and
responsibility, they have some space
to think about other business
opportunities.
 14. Due to efficient organisation, scale
of present operations increases. And
possibility of new opportunities also
opens. Moreover, the company
divided into different divisions and
sub-divisions after changes in
requirement. Hence, possibility of
growth and diversification increases.