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Project report vehicle management system
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CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION
In the fast changing world, information technology and information management are going to
play an important role. We are living in the computer age during past some year .The computer
has gaining popularity. Computer revolution found its way into almost every aspect of human
life and living. A computer is admirably suited to handle any information and hence is an
information processor that is, it can receive data, perform some basic operations on that data
and produces results according to a predetermined program.
is a web based application in which the whole records of the passenger in the vehicle
would be manage the details about different students which have received the books would be
kept. The students would be able to know the books availability status on the basis of proper
login which would be provided to them. The management would be able to know the whole
library status on a single click and customized reports would be generated.
1.1BACKGROUND
In the background of Vehical Sanagement System all the manual and paper work which
was done in the past would be removed by the use the web technology different huge size
register were use to maintain. The records of books and details about books issues etc. All
these things would be software based and customize report would be generated paper work
would be lesser. This project of “VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” of gives us
the complete information about the library. We can enter the record of new books and
retrieve the details of books available in the library. We can issue the books to the students
and maintain their records and can also check how many books are issued and stock available
in the library. In this project we can maintain the late fine of students who returns the issued
books after the due date. Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting
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information and comments in an easy and intelligible manner. The project is very useful for
those who want to know about VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM.
1.1.1 System Objective
Today’s world is computer world because most of work is doing with the help of
computer. Dependency on computer is behind the few reasons. We cannot easily manage
to store large number of data or information single handle. If we will be need some
information or data in urgency then we cannot manage in manually these works are very
difficult if we cannot use computer.
1.1.2 SystemContext:
This section clearly depicts the environment and boundaries of the LMS and the entities with
which it interacts. it helps us see how the system fits into the existing scheme of things. What the
system will do by itself and what it expects other entities to do is clearly delineated.
1.1.1 Functional Requirement
In the background of Vehicle Management System was all the manual and paper work
which was done in the past would be removed by the use the web technology different huge
size register were use to maintain. The records of books and details about books issues etc.
All these things would be software based and customize report would be generated paper
work would be lesser. This project of “VEHICLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” of gives us
the complete information about the Vehicle. We can enter the record of new books and
retrieve the details of books available in the library. We can issue the books to the students
and maintain their records and can also check how many books are issued and stock available
in the library. In this project we can maintain the late fine of students who returns the issued
books after the due date. Throughout the project the focus has been on presenting
information and comments in an easy and intelligible manner. The project is very useful for
those who want to know about Vehicle Management System.
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1.1.2Non-Functional Requirement
These are quality requirement that stipulate the performance levels required of the system for
various kind of activate. Numerical lower and upper limits set conditions on the response times,
access times etc of the system. Sometimes tradeoffs are necessary among various non-functional
requirements.
1.1.3 Future Requirement
These are the specifications which are not provided for now in the current version of
LMS but which could be incorporated into future versions. Some of these need advanced
technologies and interface with other system. The LMS could be designed in future to
enhance the existing capabilities or add entirely new ones.
1.2 OBJECTIVES
Today’s world is computer world because most of work is doing with the help of computer.
Dependency on computer is behind the few reasons. We cannot easily manage to store large
number of data or information single handily. If we will be need some information or data in
urgency then we cannot manage in manually these works are very difficult if we cannot use
computer.
So the objective of this project is to overcome the limitation of the manual approach.
This project is started towards systematically automating all the work that is done manually at
present. Their aim is to focus following aspects:
o The main objective is to automate non computer environment
o To save manpower.
o It will speed the processing of data and transaction.
o It will provide all the error reporting and handling features, so that the user is warned and
made aware of any foreseen errors. Thus it will reduce the error rate.
o It will provide various ways through which we generate various types of report.
o It will provide best security features such as provisions of passwords.
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1.3 PROBLEM DEFINATION
System and their relationships within and outside of the system. Here the key question is- what
all problems exist in the present system? What must be done to solve the problem? Analysis
begins when a user or manager begins a study of the System Analysis is a detailed study of the
various operations performed by a program using existing system.
During analysis, data collected on the various files, decision points and
transactions handled by the present system. The success of the system depends largely on how
clearly the problem is defined, thoroughly investigated and properly carried out through the
choice of solution. A good analysis model should provide not only the mechanisms of problem
understanding but also the frame work of the solution. Thus it should be studied thoroughly by
collecting data about the system. Then the proposed system should be analyzed thoroughly in
accordance with the needs
1.4 PURPOSE
The purpose of this application is to keep the record of text in the editor properly and the
different text which is issues to the activities. The availability of content can be easily
managed and tex thaving different system of library .
1.5 SCOPE
The scope of this project is to enhance the facilities available in the current notepad
system and different security measures would be applicable in the future for the student point
of view and management point of view. The application would be fruitful.
The different areas where we can use this application are:
o Any education institute can make use of it for providing information about user, content
of the available notepad Feature.
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CHAPTER 2 :
Problem Formulation
Introduction
Problem introduction or problem starting is the starting point of the software development
activity. The objective of this statement is to answer: Exactly what must the system do? The
software project is initiated by the client’s need. In the beginning, these needs are on the minds
of various people in the client’s organization. The analyst has to identify the requirements by
talking to the people and understanding to their needs. It goes without saying that an accurate
and through understanding of software requirement are essentials to the success of software
development effort. All further development like system analysis. System design and coding will
depends on how accurate and well understood the requirements are poorly analyzed and
specified software will disappoint the user and will bring brief to the developer. No matter how
well designed and well appearances are often deceiving. Chances of misinterpretation are very
high, ambiguity is probable and communication gap between customer and developer is bound to
bring confusions. Requirements understanding begin with a clear and concise heading stating in
sentence the task to be performed. Then requirements are describe in a technical manner precise
statement.
2.1 Feasibility study
All projects are feasible given unlimited resources and infinite time! Unfortunately, the
development of computer based system is more likely to be plagued by a scarcity of resources
and difficult delivery dates. It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the
project at the earliest possible time. Months or years of effort, Money loss and untold
professional embarrassment can be averted I few better understand the project at its study time.
This type of study determines if an application can and should be developed. Once it has
been determining that, application is feasible. After that analyst can go ahead and prepares the
project specification, which finalizes project requirements. Feasibility studies are undertaken
within tight time constraints.
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1. Technical Feasibility
2. Operational Feasibility
3. Economic Feasibility
4. Legal Feasibility
2.2 Technical Feasibility
As we know the technical feasibility is concerned with specifying equipment and software
that will successfully satisfy the user requirement. The technical needs of the system may vary
considerably, but might include:
The facility to produce outputs of advertisements, shopping and mailing in a given time for
ease of use.
Response time under certain condition is minimal.
Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a particular speed.
Facility to communicate data to distinct location.
In examining the technical feasibility, configuration of the system is given more importance
than the actual make of hardware. The configuration should give the complete picture about the
system’s requirements- how many workstations are required, how these units are interconnected
so that they could operate and communicate smoothly.
2.3 Operational Feasibility
Proposed projects are beneficial only if they can be turned into information system that will
meet the financial management requirements of the business/organization. This test of feasibility
asks if the system will work when it developed and installed. Are there major barriers to
implementation?
Some of the important questions that are useful to test the operational feasibility of a project are
given below:
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Is there sufficient support for the project from the implementation? From user? If the present
system is well liked and used to the extent that persons will not be able to see reasons for
change, there may be resistance.
Are current business methods acceptable to the user? If they are not, user may welcome a
change that will bring about a more operational and useful system
Have the user been involved in the planning and development of the Project? If they are
involved at the earliest stage of project development, the chances of resistance can be possibly
reduced.
Will the proposed system cause harm? Will it produce poorer result in any case or area?
Will the performance of staff member fall down after implementation? Issue that
Appears to be quite minor at the early stage can grow into major problem after
Implementation.
2. 4 Economical Feasibility
Economic analysis is the most frequently used technique for evaluating the effectiveness of
the proposed system. More commonly known as cost/benefits analysis, the procedure is to
determine the benefits and savings that are expected from the purposed system and compared
with costs.
If benefits outweigh cost, a decision is taken to design and implement the system. Otherwise,
further justification or alternative of the proposed system will have to be made if it has a chance
of being approved. This is an ongoing effort that improves in accuracy at each phase of the
system life cycle. The analysis part also clears the doubt of economic problems which could be
possible in developing the system. As already mentioned that the company has to just pay the
developed software cost and not other investment is needed at the time of implementation of the
new system as the preliminary requirements already exist in the company.
2.5 Legal Feasibility
In the legal feasibility is necessary to check that the software we are going to develop is legally
correct which means that the ideas which we have taken for the proposed system will be legally
implemented or not so , it is also an important step in feasibility study.
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2.6 PROBLEM SPECIFICATION
The definition of our problem lies in manual system and a fully automated system.
2.6.1 Manual System
The system is very time consuming and lazy. This system is more prone to error and sometimes
the approach to various problems is unstructured.
2.6.2 Technical System
With the advent of latest technology if we do not update our system then our business result in
losses gradually with time. The technical system contains the tools of latest trend i.e. computers,
printers, FAX, Internet etc the system with the technology are very fast, accurate, user friendly
and reliable.
2.6.3 Need of Vehicle Management System Software
A Vehicle Management System is a person or a company who can texting and
formating data are distinguished from ordinary mail services by features such as speed,
security, tracking, signature, specialization and individualization of express services, and
swift bidding times, which are optional for most everyday auction services. As a
premium service, library are usually more expensive than usual mail services, and their
use is typically restricted to issuing where one or more of these features are considered
important enough to warrant the cost.
2.7 The ProposedVehicle Management SystemS/w
It will be able to manage inforrmation about writing data in more user friendly way. This system
will manage text and Return result at various colleges.. Various reports based on the data entered
by employee at branches are generated at Main Branch or Head office. These report are helpful
in Manpower Management Decision.
2.8 Existing System
The Existing system comprises of a system in which details are to be manually handled this is
not use friend.
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CHAPTER 3
System Architecture and Design
3.1 DEFINING A SYSTEM
Collection of component, which are interconnected, and work together to realize some objective,
from a system. There are three components in every system, namely input, processing and output
Input Output
3.1.1 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE
The Systems development life cycle (SDLC), or Software development process in systems
engineering, information systems and software engineering, is a process of creating or altering
information systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these
systems. In software engineering, the SDLC concept underpins many kinds of software
development methodologies. These methodologies form the framework for planning and
controlling the creation of an information system the software development process.
Broadly, following are the different activities to be considered while defining the system
development life cycle for the said project:
Problem Definition
System Analysis
Study of existing system
Drawback of the existing system
Proposed system
Processing
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System Requirement study
Data flow analysis
Feasibility study
System design
Input Design (Database & Forms)
Updating
Report design
Administration
Testing
Implementation
Maintenance
3.1.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
Systems analysis is the study of sets of interacting entities, including computer systems analysis.
This field is closely related to requirements analysis or operations research. It is also "an explicit
formal inquiry carried out to help someone (referred to as the decision maker) identify a better
course of action and make a better decision than he might otherwise have made.
System development can generally be thought of having two major components: systems
analysis and systems design. In System Analysis more emphasis is given to understanding the
details of an existing system or a proposed one and then deciding whether the proposed system is
desirable or not and whether the existing system needs improvements. Thus, system analysis is
the process of investigating a system, identifying problems, and using the information to
recommend improvements to the system.
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3.1.3 SYSTEM DESIGN
Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and
data for a system to satisfy specified requirements. One could see it as the application of systems
theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of systems analysis,
systems architecture and systems engineering. If the broader topic of product development
"blends the perspective of marketing, design, and manufacturing into a single approach to
product development," then design is the act of taking the marketing information and creating the
design of the product to be manufactured. Systems design is therefore the process of defining and
developing systems to satisfy specified requirements of the user. Until the 1990s systems design
had a crucial and respected role in the data processing industry. In the 1990s standardization of
hardware and software resulted in the ability to build modular systems. The increasing
importance of software running on generic platforms has enhanced the discipline of software
engineering.
Object-oriented analysis and design methods are becoming the most widely used methods for
computer systems design. The UML has become the standard language in object-oriented
analysis and design. It is widely used for modeling software systems and is increasingly used for
high designing non-software systems and organizations
3.2 Reports GeneratedBy the System
1) List of Total Passenger detail
2) A lot Car different type
3) Tour and Trip
4) Travelling pass
5) Fare per K/m
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ER DIAGRAM
n
User Section
Vehicle
Management
System
Admin Section
Car Trip Map
Home
Vehicle
Detail
Welcome home
Status
Driver Detail
Vehicleluxury Editdetail
Travelling
Bookingdetail
Fuel
excutive
Economy
Oil change
Bookings
Logout
Help
ViewHelp
AboutCompany
Startingpoint
Endingpoint
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First Level Data Flow Diagram
Passenger
Home
Fare
Tour & TripVehicle
V M S
Per K/M
Driver
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Vehicle Management System Connected My SQL Server online:-
Booking Tables:
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
Boooking Id (primary Key) varchar(15) Not Null
User Id(Primary Key) archar(20) Not Null
b_name varchar(20) Allow Null
u_Name varchar(20) Allow Null
v_name varchar(50) Allow Null
s_date varchar(50) Allow Null
e_date varchar(50) Allow Null
Km varchar(50) Allow Null
Status varchar(50) Allow Null
No of seat varchar(50) AllowNull
Node varchar(50) AllowNull
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Admin User
Driver Details
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
u_name varchar(20) Allow Null
u_pass varchar(20) Allow Null
Login Nchar(20) Allow Null
Logout Nchar(20) Allow Null
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
Name varchar(20) Allow Null
Address varchar(40) Allow Null
Image varchar(50) Allow Null
City varchar(20) Allow Null
lic_no Varchar(30) Not Null
Experience Int[4] Allow Null
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Fuel Detail:
Oil Details:-
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
F_ id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
v_Name varchar(20) Allow Null
d_name varchar(40) Allow Null
Date number(20) Allow Null
F_type varchar(20) Allow Null
Qty varchar(30) Not Null
Note varchar(30) Allow Null
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
v_Name varchar(20) Allow Null
d_name varchar(40) Allow Null
Date number(20) Allow Null
o_type varchar(20) Allow Null
Odometer varchar(30) Not Null
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Repair Details:-
User Details:-
Note varchar(30) Allow Null
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
v_Name varchar(20) Allow Null
g_name varchar(40) Allow Null
g_name varchar(20) Allow Null
o_type varchar(20) Allow Null
Oodometer varchar(30) Not Null
Note varchar(30) Allow Null
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
Name varchar(20) Allow Null
Pass varchar(40) Allow Null
add1 varchar(20) Allow Null
City varchar(20) Allow Null
State varchar(30) Allow Null
Mobile varchar(30) Allow Null
Email varchar(30) Allow Null
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Vmast Details:-
Column Name Data Type Allow Null
id (primary Key) nchar(15) Not Null
v_ name varchar(20) Allow Null
v_no number(20) Allow Null
Make varchar(20) Allow Null
fuel_type varchar(20) Allow Null
Kmr double(30) Allow Null
Avg number(30) Allow Null
Cost number(30) Allow Null
Image varchar(30) Allow Null
Insurer varchar(30) Allow Null
Company varchar(30) Allow Null
Date number(20) Allow Null
exp_date number(20) Allow Null
Driver varchar(30) Allow Null
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3.3 Choice of Tools and Technology
Introduction:-
The Vehicle ManagementSystemES bundle service-enablesSAPVehicle ManagementforAutomotive,
whichisrun by automotive importersanddistributioncenters.Usingthe servicesinthisESbundle,
importersanddistributioncenterscanprovide acomposite applicationfortheirdealerstoenable them
to searchfor available vehiclesandordervehiclesthatmatcha customer'sspecifications.
FromDealer Stockto CustomOrders:-
Because of many interrelated factors, today's automotive markets face increasing competition
and slowing demand. Chiefly, the Internet has made customers far more astute by greatly
increasing market transparency. This transparency has armed customers with the means to seek
out dealers that can sell them the makes and models of vehicles of their choice with a wide array
of personalized specifications, at prices they have negotiated. Given this market climate, dealers
and manufacturers alike know that without the ability to respond rapidly to customer
requirements, the odds of success will remain stacked against them. The made-to-stock model by
which they once operated is no longer satisfactory. Instead, to generate and maintain competitive
advantage, businesses have adopted sophisticated order-to-delivery models and are now taking
steps to streamline them such that the time from order to delivery is greatly expedited.
In short, sales representatives at dealerships must be able to search for and locate vehicles whose
configurations meet the demands of inquiring customers, at will. If the desired vehicle has not
yet been manufactured, the dealer must be able to create an order for its manufacture and
delivery in a manner that both manufacturers and distributors can accommodate, as well.
Whatthe Vehicle ManagementSystemES BundleDoes
Figure 1 shows the parties involved in this interaction. The OEM manufactures the vehicles, the
importer or distribution center orders vehicles from the OEM, and dealers then sell the vehicles
to the public. The Vehicle Management System ES bundle service- enables the interaction
between the dealers and SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive, which importers and
distribution centers run.
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Deploying the services in this ES bundle, dealers using a composite application or dealer portal
can:
Create and modifyvehicle configurationsinSAPVehicleManagementforAutomotive
Findand readinformationaboutexistingvehiclesinSAPVehicle ManagementforAutomotive
Vehiclescanbe locatedandaccessedusingconfiguration dataandotherelementssuchas
customerdata,reference numbers,andvehicle batchIDs
Create,modify,find,andreadsalesordersforvehiclesinSAPVehicle Managementfor
Automotive
Generate detailedestimatesforspecificvehicleconfigurations
The VMS ES bundle leveragesenterpriseSOA byservice-enablingSAPVehicle Managementfor
Automotive.
Audience
Importers and distribution centers that want to extend the functionality of SAP Vehicle
Management for Automotive to their dealers will find the Vehicle Management System ES
bundle especially helpful.
The roles in these industries that can use this bundle include:
System administrators
Sales and importer representatives
Dealers
How to Use This ES Bundle
Until recently, the model upon which the automotive industry based most of its production and
stock methods was "make-to-stock." Each year manufacturers used past sales patterns to
determine production for the immediate future. They produced a given number of vehicles
according to a given set of configurations and then shipped those vehicles to market, where they
were kept in stock as available for purchase.
Within this context, SAP developed SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive. SAP Vehicle
Management for Automotive provides OEMs, importers and distributors with a single,
centralized tool for procuring, configuring, managing, selling and tracking vehicles in either the
make-to-stock model or in some cases a make-to-order scenario. In this latter case, make-to-
order primarily has allowed customers purchasing high-end vehicles to configure the vehicle to
their particular tastes.
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Today, however, the automotive industry is going through a transition that reflects greater
demand by all customers--not just those purchasing high-end vehicles--to order vehicles
configured to meet their particular needs. In response, the automotive industry is seeking ways to
efficiently and cost effectively meet customer expectations.
Underlying successful implementation of this newer model is the ability to reduce the order-to-
delivery time by providing a smooth and seamless process for the search and/or order of a
vehicle configured to the customer's needs.
The Vehicle Management System ES bundle extends the functionality of SAP Vehicle
Management for Automotive to the associated dealers of vehicle importers and distributors. This
means that through a composite application or portal based on these services, a dealer's sales
representative is able to search for a vehicle matching the customer's desired configuration or, if
necessary, initiate the process to order a matching vehicle from an OEM.
For example, an importer in the US acts as a distribution point for vehicles manufactured by
Toyota. This importer will use SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive to manage, configure,
order, and sell vehicles. The dealer portal provided by the importer to its associated dealers will
allow dealers to access SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive. The enterprise services
contained in this bundle will enable dealers to search for vehicles in stock or on order from
Toyota as well as create sales orders for those vehicles. If no vehicle matching the customer's
configuration is in stock or on order, the dealer can submit a sales order to SAP Vehicle
Management for Automotive, which in turn triggers the importer to place a sales order with
Toyota indicating the specifications of the vehicle in question.
This section will explore a series of use cases for the Vehicle Management System ES bundle.
Each scenario will show how different outcomes can be achieved by using the enterprise services
in different combinations. While these examples illustrate a few of the ways that this ES bundle
could be used, the intention is to show the flexibility and reusability of these business objects and
enterprise service operations so that you will have a clearer understanding of how to best deploy
them in your own environment. This wiki is also a space for you to share knowledge and
collaborate with others who are implementing the Vehicle Management System ES bundle.
Use Case1: Searchingforandpurchasinganexistingvehicle
In this use case, a customer has entered a car dealership with the intent to purchase a new car.
Before arriving, however, she has researched the various possible configurations that are
available for the make and model she is interested in, including body color, upholstery type and
color, audio, tire rims, and so forth, and made a definite decision about what she wants. In this
scenario the customer will test drive a similar vehicle, search for the availability of a vehicle
matching a particular configuration, read through a search list of vehicles, negotiate a price, and
the sales representative will create a sales order.
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Findinga Vehiclethat Matches a Specified Configuration
After the customer has test driven the make and model of her choice, she wants to know whether
she can buy her customized version of it. To determine if such a vehicle is available, the sales
representative can enter all of the options she has chosen into the dealer portal UI. This gives the
dealer access to the importer's or distributor's database as well as visibility to backend systems.
The dealer can then select the search option and enter the search criteria for the vehicle. When
the search is initiated the application invokes the Find Automotive Vehicle Basic Data by
Elements service operation, which uses the Automotive Vehicle business object. This service
will search within SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive by vehicle configuration and
related elements and return a list of cars that match the specified search terms with each vehicle's
ID number.
Readingthe Details of a Vehicle
A list appears on the dealer's UI from which the customer can select and view the details of a
vehicle. Clicking on the link to a vehicle invokes the Read Automotive Vehicle enterprise
service, which presents the details of that particular car. The application uses the vehicle ID as
the input for the read service. The business object used is Automotive Vehicle.
Generatinga ListPricefor a Vehicle
The customer is satisfied with the car and its projected delivery date, but she needs to know how
much it will cost as configured. To find out the list price, the sales representative selects an
option that invokes the Check Sales Order Creation service operation, which uses the Sales
Order business object.
Creatinga Sales Orderfor a Vehicle
After negotiating a price with the customer, the sales representative can create a sales order for
the vehicle. To complete the sale, the dealer adds the customer's information such as name,
contact information, payment type, and so on, and submits the order to the importer or distributor
by selecting an option in the UI that invokes the Create Sales Order service operation. This
enterprise service is actually a standard SAP Sales and Distribution service and is run with the
data returned from the read service, such as the batch number (ID), configuration data,
manufacturing plant, equipment number, usage code, initial registration date, counter reading,
price, current location, production date and time, and planned date and delivery and time.
Essentially, the composite application forwards the information from the Read Automotive
Vehicle service to the Create Sales Order service seamlessly.
Step 1: A sales representative searches for a vehicle
that matches
a customer's configuration specifications
Find Automotive Vehicle Basic Data
by Elements
Step 2: The sales rep selects a matching vehicle from
the search results,
which passes the vehicle's batch ID to the read service
Read Automotive Vehicle
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Step 3: The customer is interested in purchasing the
vehicle but first
wants to know its price. The sales representative
generates a list price
based on the specified configuration
Check Sales Order Creation
Step 4: The customer wishes to purchase the vehicle,
so the
sales representative creates the sales order in
SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive
Create Sales Order
Use Case2: OrderingaNew Vehiclewitha CustomConfiguration
In use case 1, the dealer was able to help the customer find and order a vehicle that met her
specifications. Frequently, though, a new vehicle may need to be made to fill the customer's
order.
The customer knows what she wants, and the sales rep at the dealership enters all of the options
she has chosen into the dealer portal UI, which invokes the Find Automotive Vehicle Basic
Data by Elements service operation, which uses the Automotive Vehicle business object. This
service will search SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive by vehicle configuration and
related elements and return a list of cars that match the specified search terms with each vehicle's
ID number.
Unlike in the previous use case, no available vehicles match the search criteria. As a result, the
dealer will create a sales order that includes all of the configuration details. The customer
naturally wants to know how much that vehicle will cost as configured before committing to buy
it, so the sales rep invokes Check Sales Order Creation, which checks all the data in the sales
order, including a price.
The customer, experiencing a bit of sticker shock, attempts to negotiate the price downward. The
dealer makes some adjustments, but also tells the customer that removing the most costly options
will also bring down the price. The dealer changes the order accordingly and invokes Check
Sales Order Creation again. The price is now acceptable to the customer, so the dealer invokes
Create Sales Order, which sends the sales order to SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive.
Note that the car itself has not been configured; the importer will handle this step.
TheImporterReceivesthe SalesOrder:-
The importer receives the sales order and uses the configuration details to order the car in SAP
Vehicle Management for Automotive.
TheCustomerChangesHerMindandthe SalesRepUpdates the Configuration
The customer goes away from the dealership and thinks about the options she turned down. She
puts the additional cost in perspective versus the monthly payment amount and decides to call
the sales rep back to request the reinstatement of these options. The dealer then returns to the
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portal and invokes the Find Sales Order Basic Data by Elements enterprise service operation.
He selects the customer's sales order from a list, which invokes Read Sales Order. The sales rep
can see that the importer has already created the vehicle (the batch ID is now listed on the sales
order), so he clicks on the batch ID which invokes the Find Automotive Vehicle by Batch ID
enterprise service operation followed by the Read Automotive Vehicle enterprise service
operation. The sales representative sees that there is still time to change the configuration, so he
invokes the Update Sales Order enterprise service operation to change the sales order to reflect
the new configuration. This will in turn update the vehicle in the backend system.
Step 1: A sales representative searches for a vehicle that
matches a customer's configuration specifications
Find Automotive Vehicle by
Property Valuation and Elements
Step 2: The search produces no matching results
(no enterprise service operation is
invoked during this step)
Step 3: The customer explains the options she wants and
the sales rep enters them.
The sales rep simulates a sales order to get a price.
The sales rep modifies the order and runs the service again
Check Sales Order Creation
Step 4: The customer wishes to purchase the vehicle, so the
sales representative creates
the sales order in SAP Vehicle Management for
Automotive
Create Sales Order
Step 5: The importer receives the sales order and creates a
vehicle in SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive
(no enterprise service operation is
invoked during this step)
Step 6 The customer calls back and the sales rep looks up
the sales order
Find Sales Order Basic Data by
Elements
Step 7: The sales rep reviews the sales order Read Sales Order
Step 8: The sales rep sees that a vehicle has been created
for this order and looks it up
Find Automotive Vehicle by Batch
ID
Read Automotive Vehicle
Step 9: The sales rep makes the changes the customer
requested
Update Sales Order
Use Case3: CustomerCallsto CheckonOrder:-
The customer is now so excited about the new car that she calls the sales rep every few days to
find out about the progress of the order. The sales rep uses the Find Sales Order Basic Data by
Elements enterprise service to find the sales order and Read Sales Order to see the details.
Clicking on the Batch ID for the vehicle invokes the ReadAutomotive Vehicle enterprise
service operation and the dealer can update the customer with information about how her new
car is progressing and the latest information about when she can expect delivery.
Step 1: A sales representative searches for the customer's
sales order
Find Sales Order Basic Data by
Elements
Step 2: The sales rep drills down into the batch ID
that identifies the car,
Find Automotive Vehicle by Batch
ID
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which invokes a service to search for the car by its ID
Step 3: The sales rep reviews the details about the new car
and
lets the customer know any updated information about the
progress
of her order
Read Automotive Vehicle
Future Directions
Future directions for the Vehicle Management System ES bundle may include additional service-
enablement of SAP Vehicle Management for Automotive and Warranty Management. In
addition, SAP's dealer portal will be service-enabled using the enterprise services in this ES
bundle (at this time, the dealer portal is integrated using BAPIs). Support for additional
accounting documents such as purchase orders, delivery documents, and goods receipts may also
be included in a future release.
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CHAPTER 4
Testing and Implementation
Objective of Testing
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about
the quality of the product or service under test. Software testing can also provide an objective,
independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of
software implementation. Test techniques include, but are not limited to, the process of executing
a program or application with the intent of finding software bugs (errors or other defects).
Software testing can be stated as the process of validating and verifying that a software
program/application/product:
1. meets the requirements that guided its design and development;
2. works as expected; and
3. can be implemented with the same characteristics.
Software testing, depending on the testing method employed, can be implemented at any time in
the development process. However, most of the test effort traditionally occurs after the
requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed having been shown
that fixing a bug is less expensive when found earlier in the development process. Although in
the Agile approaches most of the test effort is, conversely, on-going. As such, the methodology
of the test is governed by the software development methodology adopted.
Different software development models will focus the test effort at different points in the
development process. Newer development models, such as Agile, often employ test driven
development and place an increased portion of the testing in the hands of the developer, before it
reaches a formal team of testers. In a more traditional model, most of the test execution occurs
after the requirements have been defined and the coding process has been completed. Testing can
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never completely identify all the defects within software. Instead, it furnishes a criticism or
comparison that compares the state and behavior of the product against oracles—principles or
mechanisms by which someone might recognize a problem. These oracles may include (but are
not limited to) specifications, contracts,[3] comparable products, past versions of the same
product, inferences about intended or expected purpose, user or customer expectations,
relevant standards, applicable laws, or other criteria.
Every software product has a target audience. For example, the audience for video game
software is completely different from banking software. Therefore, when an organization
develops or otherwise invests in a software product, it can assess whether the software product
will be acceptable to its end users, its target audience, its purchasers, and other stakeholders.
Software testing is the process of attempting to make this assessment.
4.2 Types of Testing
4.2.1 Black BoxTesting
Black-box testing treats the software as a "black box"—without any knowledge of internal
implementation. Black-box testing methods include: equivalence partitioning, boundary value
analysis, all-pairs testing, fuzz testing, model-based testing, exploratory testing and specification-
based testing.
Specification-based testing: Specification-based testing aims to test the
functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. Thus, the
tester inputs data into, and only sees the output from, the test object. This level of
testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then
can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is"
or "is not" the same as the expected value specified in the test case.
Specification-based testing is necessary, but it is insufficient to guard against certain
risks.
Advantages and disadvantages: The black-box tester has no "bonds" with the
code, and a tester's perception is very simple: a code must have bugs. Using the
principle, "Ask and you shall receive," black-box testers find bugs where
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programmers do not. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be
"like a walk in a dark labyrinth without a flashlight," because the tester doesn't
know how the software being tested was actually constructed. As a result, there
are situations when (1) a tester writes many test cases to check something that
could have been tested by only one test case, and/or (2) some parts of the back-
end are not tested at all.
Therefore, black-box testing has the advantage of "an unaffiliated opinion", on the one hand, and
the disadvantage of "blind exploring", on the other
4.2.2 White Box Testing
White-box testing is when the tester has access to the internal data structures and algorithms
including the code that implements these.
Types of white-box testing
The following types of white-box testing exist:
API testing (application programming interface) - testing of the application using
public and private APIs
Code coverage - creating tests to satisfy some criteria of code coverage (e.g., the
test designer can create tests to cause all statements in the program to be executed
at least once)
Fault injection methods - improving the coverage of a test by introducing faults to
test code paths
Mutation testing methods
Static testing - All types
Test coverage
White-box testing methods can also be used to evaluate the completeness of a test suite
that was created with black-box testing methods. This allows the software team to
examine parts of a system that are rarely tested and ensures that the most important
function points have been tested.[21]
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Two common forms of code coverage are:
Function coverage, which reports on functions executed
Statement coverage, which reports on the number of lines executed to complete
the test
They both return a code coverage metric, measured as a percentage.
4.2.3 FunctionalTesting
Functional testing refers to activities that verify a specific action or function of the code. These
are usually found in the code requirements documentation, although some development
methodologies work from use cases or user stories. Functional tests tend to answer the question
of "can the user do this" or "does this particular feature work."
Non-functional testing refers to aspects of the software that may not be related to a specific
function or user action, such as scalability or other performance, behavior under certain
constraints, or security. Testing will determine the flake point, the point at which extremes of
scalability or performance leads to unstable execution. Non-functional requirements tend to be
those that reflect the quality of the product, particularly in the context of the suitability
perspective of its users.
4.2.4 SystemTesting
System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to
evaluate the system's compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the
scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the
code or logic.
As a rule, system testing takes, as its input, all of the "integrated" software components that have
successfully passed integration testing and also the software system itself integrated with any
applicable hardware system(s). The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies
between the software units that are integrated together (called assemblages) or between any of
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the assemblages and the hardware. System testing is a more limited type of testing; it seeks to
detect defects both within the "inter-assemblages" and also within the system as a whole.
4.3Various levelOf Testing
Before implementation the system is tested at two levels:
Level 1
Level 2
4.3.1 Level1 Testing (Alpha Testing)
Alpha testing is simulated or actual operational testing by potential users/customers or an
independent test team at the developers' site. Alpha testing is often employed for off-the-shelf
software as a form of internal acceptance testing, before the software goes to beta testing.
4.3.2 Level2 Testing (Beta testing)
Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance
testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience
outside of the programming team. The software is released to groups of people so that further
testing can ensure the product has few faults or bugs. Sometimes, beta versions are made
available to the open public to increase the feedback field to a maximal number of future users.
4.3.3 Recoveryand Security
A forced system failure is induced to test a backup recovery procedure for file integrity.
Inaccurate data are entered to see how the system responds in terms of error detection and
protection. Related to file integrity is a test to demonstrate that data and programs are secure
from unauthorized access.
4.3.4 Usability Documentationand Procedure:
The usability test verifies the user-friendly nature of the system. This relates to normal operating
and error-handling procedures.
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4.4 Quality Assurance
Though controversial, software testing is a part of the software quality assurance (SQA) process.
In SQA, software process specialists and auditors are concerned for the software development
process rather than just the artifacts such as documentation, code and systems. They examine and
change the software engineering process itself to reduce the number of faults that end up in the
delivered software: the so-called defect rate.
What constitutes an "acceptable defect rate" depends on the nature of the software; A flight
simulator video game would have much higher defect tolerance than software for an actual
airplane.
Although there are close links with SQA, testing departments often exist independently, and
there may be no SQA function in some companies.
Software testing is a task intended to detect defects in software by contrasting a computer
program's expected results with its actual results for a given set of inputs. By contrast, QA
(quality assurance) is the implementation of policies and procedures intended to prevent defects
from occurring in the first place.
4.5 System Implementation
During the implementation stage the system in physically created. Necessary programs are
coded, debugged and documented. A new hardware is selected, ordered and installed.
4.6 System Specification
Every computer system consists of three major elements.
1. The Hardware
2. Application software such as visual studio
3. Operating system
For successful operation of the package following must be kept in mind:
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Too many packages should not be used, as very few system may have all those packages
installed due to memory problem. Thus, the compatibility of the system development will get
reduced.
4.6.1 Hardware Requirements
Corei3 Processor
512 MB RAM
40 GB HDD
Color Monitor
Keyboard, Mouse
4.6.2 Software Requirements
1. Jdk1.7
2. my Sql Server5.1.7
3.Tomcat1.7
3. AJAX
4. Filezilla
5. Microsoft Office 2007
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4.7 Installation
The application installation script have to be generated from the current server where the
application source code saved and installed in the main server from where the application is to be
run. This was done using a special code, which generates all SQL-Statements to insert preliminary
data (like menu entries, code in code directories etc) at server and the operational modules of the
application made available to the end user successfully.
4.8 Implementation
The system is still under construction few report are yet to me made after that this system will be
implanted at client side. Users will be given a training to use the package and special work shop is
conducted by the courier for the purpose and according to their feedback the change implanted in
the software.
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</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Register.jsp:-
<script type="text/JavaScript">
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var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document;
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x=d.forms[i][n];
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x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
}
function MM_validateForm() { //v4.0
var
i,p,q,nm,test,num,min,max,errors='',args=MM_validateForm.arguments;
for (i=0; i<(args.length-2); i+=3) { test=args[i+2];
val=MM_findObj(args[i]);
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} } } else if (test.charAt(0) == 'R') errors += '- '+nm+' is
required.n'; }
} if (errors) alert('The following error(s) occurred:n'+errors);
document.MM_returnValue = (errors == '');
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</script>
<h3>If you want to Book any of the Vehicle then please register ypur
self.<br/>
After Registration You can Login-In and Book any of the Vehicle From
this site.<br/>
If You already Register with us then please <a
href="do?MOD=BOK&ACT=Login">Login In</a> to Book the vehicle for your
Trips.</h3>
<form id="form1" name="form1" method="post"
action="do?MOD=BOK&ACT=doReg">
<table width="70%" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="5"
cellspacing="2">
<tr>
<th colspan="5" scope="col"><div class="header">User
Registration</div></th>
</tr>
<tr>
<%= "Hello" %>
<td width="20%"> </td>
<td width="29%"> </td>
<td width="2%"> </td>
<td width="29%"> </td>
<td width="20%"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>Name</td>
<td>:</td>
<td><label>
<input name="Username" type="text" id="Username" />
</label></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td>Password</td>
<td>:</td>
<td><input name="Password" type="password" id="Password" /></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
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<div class="header">View Your Booking Status</div>
<h3>View Your Previous Booking status Here.<br/>If you want to book a
vehicle then please <a href="do?MOD=BOK&ACT=View&v=lux">click
here</a></h3>
<br/>
<table width="95%" align="center" style="border:#D22929 solid
2px;padding:10px;" border="0">
<tr>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span class="style10">Vehicle
Name </span></th>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span class="style10">Driver
Name </span></th>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span class="style10">Start
Date</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span class="style10">End Date
</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span
class="style10">Kilometer</span></th>
<th bgcolor="#D22929" scope="col"><span
class="style10">Status </span></th>
</tr>
<%
for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
ArrayList one=(ArrayList)all.get(i);
%>
<tr style="height:30px; padding:4px;">
<td><div align="center"><%=(String)one.get(0)%></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><%=(String)one.get(1)%></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><%=(String)one.get(2)%></div></td>
<td><div align="center"><%=(String)one.get(3)%></div></td>
<td><div
align="center"><%=(String)one.get(4)%> Km.</div></td>
<td><div align="center"><%=(String)one.get(5)%></div></td>
</tr>
<% } %>
</table>
Edit Vehicle:-
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" language="java"
import="java.sql.*,
java.util.*,
net.vehicle.*" errorPage="" %>
<%
int vid = Integer.parseInt((String)session.getAttribute("vid"));
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//out.println("<h3>Vehicle ID :"+vid);
ArrayList all = VehicleCommon.viewVehiclesByID(vid);
ArrayList al=VehicleCommon.getDrivers();
int size = all.size();
for(int i=0;i<size;i++){
ArrayList one=(ArrayList)all.get(i);
%>
<script type="text/JavaScript">
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function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01
var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document;
if((p=n.indexOf("?"))>0&&parent.frames.length) {
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if(!(x=d[n])&&d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x&&i<d.forms.length;i++)
x=d.forms[i][n];
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x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document);
if(!x && d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x;
}
function MM_validateForm() { //v4.0
var
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for (i=0; i<(args.length-2); i+=3) { test=args[i+2];
val=MM_findObj(args[i]);
if (val) { nm=val.name; if ((val=val.value)!="") {
if (test.indexOf('isEmail')!=-1) { p=val.indexOf('@');
if (p<1 || p==(val.length-1)) errors+='- '+nm+' must contain
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if (isNaN(val)) errors+='- '+nm+' must contain a number.n';
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required.n'; }
} if (errors) alert('The following error(s) occurred:n'+errors);
document.MM_returnValue = (errors == '');
}
//-->
</script>
<div class="header">Vehicle Edit </div>
<h3>Following are the Vehicle Details.You can Edit the Details </h3>
<br/>
