this ppt is the ppt of internship report on ethio telecom FAN division

1. ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY
College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Stream : Communication Engineering
Internship Final Report Under Hosting company of Ethio -Telecom
By Abdi Kissi …………..ID:ETS 0009/08
Academic Advisor :Dr. Muluneh Mokonen
Company Advisor :Mr.Zerihun Bade
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2. Outline:
■ Chapter one: Introduction
■ Chapter two: Over All Internship Experience
■ Chapter three: Over All Benefit Gained from Internship
■ Chapter four: Conclusion and Recommendations
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3. CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Company Background and Overviews
 It was begun during Menelik II ,since 1984.
 The first long distance link was made between Addis Ababa and Harar.
 After Italy war they reorganize the telephone, telegraph and postal service in1941.
 In 1952 the IBTE(Imperial Board of Telecommunication )was established.
 In 1981 IBTE become Ethiopia telecommunication authority, also in 1996 the reform it self in may
service and become EAT (Ethiopian telecommunication agency) the become ETC
 Recently ,Ethio Telecom have 1 headquarter ,6 zonal office and e regional office provide service like
o fixed telephone, mobile phone, internet ,CDMA etc.
 Out of 6 Zonal office NAAZ in one that play vital role in ethio telecom behalf of it self.
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4. 1.2 Vision, Mission, Values and Objectives of The Company
 Vision:
 To be a world-class provider of telecommunications services in Ethiopia.
 To be committed to understand, meet and exceed the telecommunication needs and expectations of
country at large and customers in particular etc.
 To be a center for advancement of ICT, via research, innovation, transfer, adoption, diffusion,
adaptation, integration and dissemination in Ethiopia in particular and in East/Horn of Africa in
general.
 Mission:
 Build reputable brand known for its customers‟ consideration.
 To connect every Ethiopian through ICT .
 Connect Ethiopia through state-of-the-art telecom services Provide high quality, innovative and
affordable telecom products and services that enhance the development of our nation and ensure high
customer satisfaction.
 Build its managerial capability and manpower talent that enables Ethio telecom to operate at
international level.
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5.  Organizational values
 Lead with vision
 Respect
 Excellence
 Integrity
 Accountability
 Objective Of The Company
 Being customer-focused company.
 Offering the best quality of service
 Building a financial sound company.
 Meeting excellent world class standards
 1.3 The Main Customers or The End User
 The two types : Enterprise customers and Residential customers.
• The Residential Customers: - are those customers who are single users like us.
• The Enterprise Customers: -are those customers like governmental organization, private companies and
nongovernmental organization.
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6.  1.4 Main Products and Service
 Fixed Line
 Mobile Service
 Internet and data
 1.5 Stake Holder of Ethio telecom
There are a few organization take a share from ethio telecom among them
 ZTE company, HUAWEI company, Ericsson company, Customers and Government
 1.6 Organizational Structure and Work Flow of The Company
■ Fig.1.1
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7. CHAPTER TWO
OVER ALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
 2.1 The Objective of The Internship
 To encourage the practical and theoretical knowledge through the practical work
 To gain experience in design, implementation, and evaluation of worksite
 Observe a corporate fitness center operation
 Enhance written and verbal communication skills
 Assist in program or product development
 To attend one professional meeting.
 2.2. How I Get Into Company
 After the completion of fourth year the UIL arranged for us to join ethio telecom with 9 students.
 Three department are given as the choice those are:
• Fixed access network (FAN).
• Operation &Maintenance(O&M).
• Network Engineering.
From above I sited on FAN on NAAZ zone
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8.  2.3. Fixed Access Network
 FAN: stands for Fixed Access Network, it is the part of telecommunications network which connects
subscriber to their immediate services provide through physical media either copper or fiber.
 Copper is a metal that used to carry electrical signal while fiber is a glass that used to carry light signal.
 Through the FAN network the provided service may be Voice, Data, Internet, and so on.
 The evolution of FAN network topology
key :EXCH: exchange
MDF: main distribution frame
CCC: cross connection cabinet
TB: terminal box
Figure 2.1The oldest FAN topology
o The above topology only support copper access network
 Later the MDF and CCC is replaced By MSAG(Multiple service Access Gateway) it adds, fiber ,data and internet as new version.
Figure 2. 2 The latest topology for copper access network
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EXCH MDF CCC Terminal
Box(TB)
Central
office(CO)
MSAG Terminal
Box(TB)
Subscriber

9.  Later the TB is replace Patch panel mainly in fiber access network.
Figure 2. 3 The latest topology for fiber access network
 From Fixed access network subdivision majorly I have been seen about.
 Copper Access Network
 Backbone(Fiber Access Network)
 Transmission from O&M(from other division)
 2.3.1 Copper Access Network
 It is subsection of FAN , that connects the service provider to the customer through copper
cable. Copper cable is the oldest and most common transmission media. It can be used for the
short distance connections between the local exchange and subscribers.
 Under Copper Access Network majorly we have been seen about
1. Multiple Service Access Gateways (MSAG)
2. Materials used in copper access network
3. Work performed under Copper Access Network
4. Color Codes of a Copper Wire
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Central
office(CO)
MSAG Patch Panel Subscriber

10. 1.Multiple Service Access Gateways (MSAG).
 MSAG is stands for Multiple Service Access Gateway.
• Gateway: is one of a LAN component used to connect more than two dissimilar network together.
 It is an access device for data, internet and voice from single pat form.
 It is installed by ZTE or Huawei in telephone exchange or near road side.
 It has one fiber input from local switch and 1-100 outputs copper cables.
 It contains mainly
• Master shelves
• Four slave shelves
• Primary and secondary part etc.
 It is operated and maintained by different work division of site works of ethio telecom.
Figure 2.4 MSAG 10

11.  As a fiber line from NNOC(local exchange) reaches MSAG the line will be divided into
 Data, internet and voice to respective cards.
• here there are also lines which comes for optical fiber customers and they will get in to the fiber
processing card.
1.1 There are Different types of Cards in MSAG
 This card is placed in the Master and Slave shelfs.
 Master (main or zero)shelf contains the cards which mainly used for data services.
 Shelf one contains the cards witch used for internet service
 Shelf two and three contain the cards which mainly used for voice.
Click to See Master shelf and four slave shelf images.
 Among them some Cards we used that are in the MSAG are: Click her to see cards
 Analog Line Card (ALC) – used for PSTN or voice service only
 Reverse Analog Line Card (RALC) –used for PSTN, coin box and Fax service
 EPON Long Distance Card (EPOL) – used for fiber optics service
 MSAG Packet Processing & Resource Card (MRP) – used for data/VPN users
 Giga Ethernet Integrated Line Card (GILCA) – used for Ethernet/internet service
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12. 1.2 How to maintain (preserve) the Copper Access Network On MSAG?
• We preserve Copper access network on MSAG through the primary and secondary part of MSAG
• Internally the primary part of MSAG is connected to the card that provide the service respective to the
request like, voice service ,internet service and data service .
• Then this service is divided to the three shelf‘s occurred on primary part of MSAG.
 Shelf zero, Shelf one and Shelf two
 Shelf Zero:
• It is 12 upper most cards or crones on MSAG
• It gives internet service for customers
• In one crone 16 customers can possible to access since it have 16 ports
• We can start to count 1001 to 1080 .
• The cards are count down starting from 3 then 3,4,5,6,7,8,11,12,13,14,15and 16.
• 1,2,9,10 crone or cards are internally used for other purpose such like power.
 Shelf one:
 Shelfs next to zero
 Provide data service for customers
 16 customers can access from one card
 We can start to count 1211 12

13.  Shelf two and the other left shelf
• Next to shelf one
• It provides voice service for customer
• 32 customers are access one card
• Start to count 230
 Since, more shelf are given for voice because of in our country there are more customers that used the
payphone phone that is voice rather than internet and data.
 Port, fuse and frames are also exists on primary and secondary part of MSAG.
2.Material Used in Fixed Access Networks
 Terminals: it is network element before the customer device that use to make connection easy.
 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line):it converts the ordinary telephone line into a high-speed
passage for digital audio, video and data
• Its asymmetric that means different upload and download speed ,higher download speed.
 Signal finder and Tone generator: It generate the tone to copper wire then find the identify where fault
occur also used to identify which line.
 Insertion tool: insert jumper wire and cut unwanted jumper Wire
 Head set: is used to check whether there is tone or not on the port, on ADSL line and also Frames.
 ADSL splitter: to split the signal on ADSL into the voice and internet signal.
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14. 3. Work Under Copper Access Network
 Survey
 Copper Installation
 CPE(Customer Premise Equipment) configuration
 Termination
 Trouble shouting telephone, FAX machine lines and ADSL lines
4. Color Codes of a Copper Wire
 Color code is a system of marking things with different colors as a means of identification.
2.3.2 Fiber Access Network
 It is subsection of FAN that connects the service provider to the customer through fiber optics.
 Fiber optics is a medium for the transmission of signal (information) using light signal.
 It’sVery high resistance to noise.
 It’s Excellent security.
 It’s Ability to carry signals for much longer distances before requiring repeaters than copper cable.
 It’s Industry standard for high-speed networking.
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15.  Fiber optics have two major types, mainly based on mode of propagation.
 Single mode fiber.
• It has one mode(path) for transmission optical signal.
• Has higher bandwidth with narrower spectral width
• Have least signal attenuations, so it used for transmission of long distance
• Narrow core size
 Multi mode fiber.
• It has more than one mode(path) for transmission of optical signal.
• Has narrower band width with wide spectra width
• Have high attenuation due to chromatic dispersion
• Wide core size
 Under Fiber Access Network majorly we have been seen about
1. Materials used in Fiber access network
2. Common faults in Fiber access network
3. Works under fiber access network
4. Fiber Color Coding
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16. 1.Materials used in Fiber access network
 EPON (Ethernet passive optical networks) :to provide high speed(>3Mbps) internet through optical fiber
 OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflect meter) :used to detect light losses in single fiber by injecting the
pulses in to core then measure the reflected signal and where it reflected.
 Fusion Splicing Machine: is a machine to splice the fiber together bay an electrical arc
 Cutting machine/cleaver: used to cut or cleave optical fiber for termination or splice
 Protection sleeve: is protection for spliced fiber
 Power meter and handle light source meter: used to measure average power in an optics system
 Fiber Optic splices closure (FOSC):to provide protection for the fused fiber joint point and fiber cable
 Patch panel: passive device which have row port, for cable management, to bundle multiple ntw together
to connect incoming and out going cable
 Fiber optic patch cord: used as fiber jumper, medium for transmission of data via light .
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17. 2.Work mainly done under fiber access network
 To solve troubles happening in related to backbone interconnecting like MSAG to MSAG,MSAG to
switches, etc..
 To troubleshoot the fault occur on fiber like, cutoff fiber, bend of fiber, decrease the speed of internet.
 Upgrading the speed of internet.
 Fiber splicing .
3.Fiber color coding :for identification purpose .
2.3.3 Transmission
 Is the sub section of O&M(operation and maintenance) division.
 It’s defined as the electrical transfer of a signal, message, or other form of intelligence from one
location to another and also a process of transferring any coming network, signal, message from
stakeholder to the central exchanger and again that comeback in to the user.
 Under Transmission majorly we have been seen about.
1.Part of Multiple System Access Gateways (MSAG)
2.Major functions of transmission division
3.Material used In Transmission
4.Common faults in Transmission
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18. 1. Part of Multiple System Access Gateways (MSAG)
As whole the Transmission is operating /working in the MSAG by the ways of:-
Figure 2.5 Operating System of Transmission on MSAG
 The transmission process will be working/operating by linking of fiber optics with two different line (i.e.,
line A and line B). Each line that of A and B are having input-OAD and output-OAD, like as: -
 The arriving/ incoming message, signal, network is concealing inline-A (ETH1), and then it is departing/
outgoing in line-A (ETH2).
 The arriving /incoming message, signal, network is concealing inline-B (ETH1), and then it is departing
/outgoing in line-B (ETH2).
 The function of ETM card is mainly to convert unstandardized signal into standard signal.
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19. 1.1. How to maintain (preserve) the transmission on MSAG?
 We can maintain transmission on MSAG through ETM card and that is shown in below figure
Figure 2. 5 Transmission part of MSAG
1.2.How ETM-CARD is operate?
 Is operated by blinking a green light on both GE2 and NACT.
 GE2:Used to transmit and receive the data
 NACT: is used to up the system then the card will be activated.
 As the distance from the NNOC is increase the quality of signal is decreased, then the standard signal
becomes unstandardized signal. 19

20.  There are two basic sending and receiving process in the MSAG-System. These are: -
a) OAD and
b) OMD
 OAD
 It stands from optical added and dropped
 Mainly it used to select/dropped the network/message/signal for its want and send to The remain
network/message/signal.
• that of one-lambda is dropped and seven-lambda are send. This system takes place for balancing.
 It reduced the amount of surplus/unwanted signal/clamor due to the incidence/presence of selection.
 On this system the wave-length does not seen evidently which are taking by considering
 OMD
 It stands from optical multiplexer and de multiplexer.
 Chiefly it used to propel/send the all coming network/message/signal in to the exchanger.
 Failure/losses are happened due to the absence of selection.
 The wave-length will be seen able to clearly
 OMD have three basic generator of the signal called G1,G2 and G3
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21.  G1 :which generate the standard or original signals
 G2 and G3 used to regenerate the week or lossy signal.
2.Major work performed under transmission division
 Confirm the master exchanger or GIS
 Well verify the ETM card.
 Check up the fiber board and power board.
 Looked GE1,GE2 and NACT is blinking or not.
 Troubleshoots the fault occur on ETM cards and ODF.
3.Material used In Transmission
 Optical Power Meter (OPM):used to measure average power in optical signal.
 Optical Attenuator: used to reduce the power signal without appropriate deformation
o It is mainly grouped into 3 based on shape i.e. variable, line and connector attenuator
4.Common faults in Transmission
 Power down: occurs while there is no power faded to MSAG
 Card failures: occurs while there is some internal trouble in card
 ODF failure: occurs due to unstable of optical signal.
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22. 2.4. Procedures I have been using while performing my work tasks
1. Understanding general MSAG, Primary and Secondary part of MSAG, Functions of some cards on
MSAG.
2. Read the type of fault occur report.
3. Identifying the types of maintenance.
4. Differentiating/knowing the faults on MSAG like Alarm and notification check, Equipment running
status check and Module fiber check.
2.5. My performance at the company
• Supervising the works that have been done.
• Discussing on FAN problem & giving solutions.
• Checking alarm and notification.
• Checking the equipment running status.
• Cleaning the equipment’s
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23. 2.6. Challenges I have been facing while performing my work tasks
 The time of internships is summer that was the most challenging part while we out on-site work there
is a rain.
 No data manual regarding to our section FAN, the devices name is a full of abbreviation and we
haven’t learnt prerequisite courses for example networking etc.
 The shortage of money is also another difficult problem for the internship because of the
expensiveness of food and transportation.
 The technicians sometimes they didn’t know the place of customers house of fault occurred and also
the didn’t know the place of fault MSAG that was kill more of our time on searching it.
2.7 Measuring or solution I have used for the challenges I have been facing
 I have dot short notes at each practical time that help for the report.
 Communicated with my experienced friends and take the soft copy by flash and email
 We ask questions by identifying who is concerned for that working areas.
 By making observation repeatedly we minimize the error.
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24. CHAPTER THREE
OVERALL BENEFITS GAINED FROM THE INTERNSHIP
 From internship many experiences are gained when what theoretically learned is brought to practical
one. Therefor internship enables students comparing theoretical knowledge with practical world.
Generally, benefits gained from internship can be in terms of:
 Improving practical skills.
 Upgrading theoretical knowledge .
 Industrial problem-solving capability.
 Improving interpersonal communication skills .
 Improving team playing skills .
 Improving leadership skills .
 Understanding the work ethics.
 Improving entrepreneurship skills.
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25. CHAPTER FOUR
CONCLUSION AND RECOMONDATION
4.1 Conclusion
 Ethio telecom is the biggest and well organized governmental company, that provide many service for
subscriber or customer like, data internet and voice ,etc.
 We can get telecom service using fiber and copper cables as a transmission medium, fiber is best way
to access the service .
 The internship program is useful for improving and up grading theoretical knowledge by practical skill
and I had gained new practical knowledge, skill and the working environment of Ethio telecom.
 Now a day Ethio telecom uses fiber cable to deliver internet service to the customer.
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26. 4.2. Recommendation
 The company should give priority to safety and quality rather than economical profit, but as we have
observed in the company most of the devices are china products manufactured at low price.
 Some staffs were not cooperative to explain things due to their lack of interest or sometimes
inefficiency as they get along with only the world of work. Others were too busy.
 It is better to rotation the students from one division to other division for the scheduled time. This helps
the students to capture all necessary knowledge in different divisions.
 The division that students take part must be only the divisions that their work has relation with
communication engineering.
 Also the university must pay attention to the courses that are given before intern period.
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■ The End