3.  Introduction
 Structure of antibody
 Engineering
 Anti body monocolonal and poly
colonal
 Humanizing antibody
 Refrence


4.  Your immune system makes proteins called
ANTIBODIES
 Antibodies are produced by cells called B-
lymphocytes
 B lymphocytes are produced when your immune
system detects a foreign substance that has
invaded your body

7.  Polyclonal antibody  Monoclonal antibody
› Antigens possess multiple › Derived from a single
epitopes clone, specific for a single
› Serum antibodies are epitope
heterogeneous, › For most research,
 To increase immune diagnostic, and
protection in vivo therapeutic purposes
 To reduces the efficacy of
antiserum for various in
vitro uses
› To response facilitates the
localization, phagocytosis,
and complement-
mediated lysis of antigen
› To have clear
advantages for the
organism in vivo

11. CLASSES

 IgM, IgG, IgD, IgA, IgE
 SUBCLASSES
 IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4

12. MONOMER PENTAMER MONOMER DIMER MONOMER
MONOMER WHEN
ACTING AS B-CELL
RECEPTOR FOR ANTIGEN

14. Light Chain
Heavy Chain
Fab
Fc

15. Mu
Mu
Human
Chimeric Antibody

20. Mouse
VL VH
Human
VL VH
Humanized Antibody with Mouse Loops
VL VH

21.  • First step - development of  hybridomas
monoclonal antibodies  – Parallel work with isolated
 – Fusion of antibody- Fab fragments in bacteria
producing B cell with  • Third step - re-engineering
myeloma for desired properties
 – Results in immortalized  – Reducing immunogenicity
monospecific Ab-producing of mouse antibodies
cell  – Tailoring size and half-life
 line for specific need
 • Second step - ability to  – Adding or removing
clone and re-express Abs functions
 – Initially done with cloned,
rearranged genes from

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 with rationally designed exocyclic mimetics of antibodies: Structure-
 function analysis. J Med Chem 44:2565-2574.
 2-Drebin JA, Link VC, Greene MI. 1988. Monoclonal antibodies specific for
 the neu oncogene product directly mediate anti-tumor effects in vivo.
 Oncogene 2:387-394.
3-Norman C. Peterson Advances in Monoclonal Antibody Technology:
Genetic Engineering of Mice, Cells, and Immunoglobulins
 4-Sang Jick Kim, Youngwoo Park, and Hyo Jeong Hong-Antibody Engineering
for the Development of Therapeutic Antibodies(Received August 16, 2005;
Accepted August 18, 2005)
 5-Roland E KONTERMANN Recombinant bispecific antibodies for cancer
therapy (2005 Jan)
6-Harris JM, Chess RB. Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals.
 Nat Rev Drug Discov 2003;

23.  7-M. FRANEK, K. HRUSKA Antibody based methods for environmental
and food analysis: a review (Czech, 50, 2005)
 8-Laschi S., Franek M., Mascini M. (2000): Screen-printed
 electrochemical immunosensors for PCB detection.
 Electroanalysis,
 9-Zeravik J., Skryjova K., Nevorankova Z., Franek M. (2004):
 Development of direct ELISA for the determination of
 4-nonylphenol and octylphenol. Analytical Chemistry,