Getting started with Appium 2.0
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Slides used in workshop on "Getting started with Appium 2.0" at AppiumConf 2021 https://confengine.com/conferences/appium-conf-2021/proposal/15634/getting-started-with-appium-20
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Getting started with Appium 2.0
- 1. @BagmarAnand Getting Started with Appium 2.0 @BagmarAnand Anand Bagmar Software Quality Evangelist
- 3. @BagmarAnand • Be on time • Make this an interactive workshop • Ask questions • We will try to address unrelated / long discussions towards the end Rules for the day @BagmarAnand
- 5. @BagmarAnand How do you setup your test execution machine? @BagmarAnand Manual setup? Scripted setup
- 6. @BagmarAnand Do your tests run in CI ? @BagmarAnand No Yes
- 7. @BagmarAnand If tests run in CI, do they run automatically? @BagmarAnand Manual trigger Auto triggers
- 8. @BagmarAnand How long does it take to run your functional tests? @BagmarAnand > 30 min < 30 min
- 9. @BagmarAnand For multiple platforms, do you implement separate tests? @BagmarAnand Duplicated tests Single test
- 10. @BagmarAnand What is the test passing percentage? @BagmarAnand Various reasons of failure Failures related to product issues
- 11. @BagmarAnand Do you automatically “rerun” the failing tests? @BagmarAnand Yes No
- 12. @BagmarAnand How do you debug and get to the root cause of failures? @BagmarAnand Rerun test All info available to debug
- 13. @BagmarAnand • Browser / Device types & versions • Device management • No easy way to identify locators • Changes in locators / data • Flaky tests / intermittent test failures • Test Data availability • Test Configuration in code? Typical challenges @BagmarAnand
- 15. @BagmarAnand Unit (xUnit / JavaScript) Manual / Exploratory Web Service UI / e2e Business-facing Tests Technology-facing Tests @BagmarAnand Test Pyramid Slow More integration Expensive Fast More isolation Cheap
- 16. @BagmarAnand
- 18. @BagmarAnand • Module 1 – Introduction to Appium • Module 2 – Get Started • Module 3 – How to write tests fast • Module 4 – Running Appium Tests • Module 5 – Practical Tips Agenda @BagmarAnand
- 19. @BagmarAnand Module 1 Introduction to Appium @BagmarAnand
- 20. @BagmarAnand What is Selenium? @BagmarAnand Selenium WebDriver IDE Grid https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/getting_started/quick/
- 21. @BagmarAnand How does WebDriver work? @BagmarAnand Selenium Browser Drivers Browsers Wire Protocol over HTTP HTTP over HTTP Server Test Scripts use Selenium Client Libraries
- 23. @BagmarAnand How does Appium work? @BagmarAnand HTTP over HTTP Server Test Scripts use Appium Client Libraries Devices https://appiumpro.com/editions/89-understanding-appium-drivers-and-how-to-choose-which-one-to-use Appium Drivers
- 24. @BagmarAnand How does Appium works? @BagmarAnand https://appiumpro.com/editions/89-understanding-appium-drivers-and-how-to-choose-which-one-to-use • You write your tests using one of Appium client libraries • Your tests calls the Webdriver API • The Webdriver sends the request in form of json via http request to the Appium server. • The Appium server, under the hood invokes vendor specific mechanisms to execute the test commands • The client (devices or emulators) responds back to Appium server • Appium server logs the results in console.
- 25. @BagmarAnand How does Appium works? @BagmarAnand https://appiumpro.com/editions/89-understanding-appium-drivers-and-how-to-choose-which-one-to-use Test Scripts use Appium Client Libraries 1 2 3 5 4
- 27. @BagmarAnand What can you automate with Appium? @BagmarAnand
- 29. @BagmarAnand • Decouple the drivers! • Create a driver ecosystem • Create a plugin ecosystem • Miscellaneous standardization New changes of Appium 2.0 @BagmarAnand
- 30. @BagmarAnand • npm install -g appium@next Installing Appium 2.0 @BagmarAnand
- 31. @BagmarAnand • appium driver install xcuitest • appium driver install uiautomator2 • appium driver list Installing Appium 2.0 Drivers @BagmarAnand
- 32. @BagmarAnand • appium server -pa /wd/hub Starting Appium 2.0 Server @BagmarAnand
- 33. @BagmarAnand Module 2 Get Started Machine setup @BagmarAnand
- 34. @BagmarAnand • JDK 1.8 • ANDROID_HOME environment variable • OSX: • Homebrew • setup_mac.sh • Ubuntu: • apt-get • setup_linux.sh Setting up Appium on your machine @BagmarAnand
- 35. @BagmarAnand • appium-doctor • https://github.com/appium/appium-doctor Verifying Appium setup @BagmarAnand
- 36. @BagmarAnand • Android • Appium_Web_Android_HelloWorldTest.java • Appium_Native_Android_MessagesTest.java • iOS • Appium_Native_iOS_HelloWorldTest.java • Appium_Web_iOS_HelloWorldTest.java Running your 1st Test @BagmarAnand
- 37. @BagmarAnand Module 3 How To Write Tests! Driver Locators Test code @BagmarAnand
- 38. @BagmarAnand • Create Driver • Know your driver capabilities • https://appium.io/docs/en/writing-running-appium/caps/ • Locators • Appium Desktop - https://github.com/appium/appium- desktop/releases/tag/v1.21.0 Writing Tests @BagmarAnand
- 39. @BagmarAnand Module 4 Running Appium Tests @BagmarAnand
- 40. @BagmarAnand iOS • List of Devices: • xcrun simctl list devices • Create a simulator • xcrun simctl create "iPhone 5s" com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimDeviceType.iPhone-5s com.apple.CoreSimulator.SimRuntime.iOS-9-3 Simulators @BagmarAnand
- 41. @BagmarAnand Android • List of Devices: • emulator -list-avds • Create an emulator • android create avd -n "Nexus-4" -t "android-31" -c "1024M" --abi x86_64 -d "Nexus 4" Emulators @BagmarAnand
- 42. @BagmarAnand • Implement a new test using the sample app provided Exercise @BagmarAnand
- 44. @BagmarAnand • ADB Utils - https://adbshell.com/commands/ • Apple Simulator Utils: https://github.com/wix/AppleSimulatorUtils • Framework Architecture • Design Patterns • Test Data Management • Reporting • Running tests via CI • Visual Testing Tips @BagmarAnand
- 45. @BagmarAnand Architecture of e2e Automation Framework @BagmarAnand
- 46. @BagmarAnand gradle / groovy Manage Devices Wifi Management Optimize Device Utilization Appium Server Management Test Specifications Business Rules (cucumber-jvm) Business Flows Implement Domain functionality (actions, verifications, rules) Resources Entities / Models Pages / Screens Trigger e2e Tests in Jenkins Server - Jenkins File - Node Management Archive artefacts - logs, screenshots, videos, logcat, Appium logs, etc - Cucumber reports ‘x’ Jenkins Agents on ‘y’ Mac Minis Helpers / Utilities (Android / iOS) Driver utilities Loggers File utilities Custom Reporter Screenshot utilities ADB utilities Video capture Analytics GPU Profiling Command Executor Log files from Devices Enrich Test Execution Report Manage Failing Tests Upload to TTA @BagmarAnand
- 47. @BagmarAnand Running the Appium Tests Local & CI @BagmarAnand
- 48. @BagmarAnand • From IDE • From Command Line • From CI • Device management Running the Appium Tests @BagmarAnand
- 50. @BagmarAnand • Page-Object • Business Layer • Composition • Factory Method • Singleton -> DO NOT USE UNLESS YOU ARE VERY SURE Commonly used Design Patterns @BagmarAnand
- 51. @BagmarAnand • Get information from the page • Do actions on the page • Page Objects cannot differentiate between right or wrong! • No assertions in the Page Object Page-Object Model @BagmarAnand
- 52. @BagmarAnand • The page object will contain the representation of the page, and the services the page provides via methods • Single source for the services or operations offered by the page • Clean separation between test code and page specific code • Page objects themselves should never make verifications or assertions • “Page Component Objects” that represent discrete chunks of the page and can be included in page objects -> Composite Pattern • https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/page_objec t_models/ Page-Object Model @BagmarAnand
- 53. @BagmarAnand • Test intent gets polluted • Duplication of Test intent & implementation • Intent becomes Imperative • Maintenance challenges • Scaling challenges Limitations of Page-Object Pattern @BagmarAnand
- 54. @BagmarAnand • Test speaks the “business” language • Test orchestrates business operations • Business operations orchestrate other business operations & page objects • Assertions in business operations • Declarative style of writing the test • Clear intent • Executable business requirements / documentation • Great resource for onboarding new team members Business-Layer Page-Object Pattern @BagmarAnand
- 56. @BagmarAnand Why do we need to think differently about Test Data? @BagmarAnand
- 57. @BagmarAnand • Data is complex • Needs to mimic ‘real’ data • Needs to be unique • Data can be nested • Though specified as static, may need to be Dynamic • Data can be shared and reused Characteristics of Test Data @BagmarAnand
- 58. @BagmarAnand • In Test implementation • In Test specification / intent • In code … separate data structures / classes / etc. • External files Different ways to specify Test Data @BagmarAnand
- 59. @BagmarAnand • CSV • Property • XML • YAML • JSON • Database • Excel Examples of Test Data in External Sources @BagmarAnand
- 60. @BagmarAnand • Usable • Easy to specify • Easy to read and consume (by test implementation) • Ability to override specified data, easily Criteria for selecting Test Data file format @BagmarAnand
- 61. @BagmarAnand • Consistent way to specify test data • Read the data as Business Entities • Override as appropriate • Create DSL to giving meaning to data • Implement Test Data Entity Utilities – ex: Build / Equals / Copy / Find / etc. Tips for implementing Test Data Strategy @BagmarAnand
- 62. @BagmarAnand Which is the best Test Data pattern to use? @BagmarAnand
- 63. @BagmarAnand It depends on the “CONTEXT” @BagmarAnand https://theieltsgenius.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/depends.jpg
- 64. @BagmarAnand Test Reporting Default reports Custom reporters @BagmarAnand
- 65. @BagmarAnand • Intent of executed test is seen clearly • Includes logs / screenshots / video of test execution • Showcases the functional coverage from the execution • Identifies trends of execution results • Includes functional performance benchmarking Characteristics of a good report! @BagmarAnand
- 66. @BagmarAnand • TestNG reports • Junit reports • reportportal.io - https://reportportal.io/ • Cucumber-html-reporting - https://www.npmjs.com/package/cucumber-html-reporter • Allure - http://allure.qatools.ru/ • Extent - https://extentreports.com/ Test Reporting options @BagmarAnand
- 67. @BagmarAnand Resources - 1 @BagmarAnand Appium: • https://appium.io/docs/en/about-appium/intro/ • https://appium.io/docs/en/about-appium/getting-started/ • https://slides.com/vrunoa/getting-started-with-appium • https://appiumpro.com/editions/89-understanding-appium-drivers-and-how-to-choose-which-one-to-use • https://github.com/appium/appium/blob/master/docs/en/about-appium/appium-clients.md • https://appium.io/docs/en/writing-running-appium/caps/ Appium 2.0: • https://appiumpro.com/editions/122-installing-appium-20-and-the-driver-and-plugins-cli • https://applitools.com/blog/appium-2-0-beta/
- 68. @BagmarAnand Resources - 2 @BagmarAnand Android: • https://adbshell.com/commands/ • https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line/aapt2 • https://developer.android.com/studio/command-line iOS: • https://appiumpro.com/editions/40-how-to-test-on-real-ios-devices-with-appium-part-1 • https://github.com/wix/AppleSimulatorUtils • https://appium.io/docs/en/drivers/ios-xcuitest/ Sample Code: • https://github.com/anandbagmar/AppiumJavaSample/ • https://github.com/znsio/teswiz • https://github.com/appium/appium
- 69. @BagmarAnand Resources - 3 @BagmarAnand Selenium: • https://www.selenium.dev/ • https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/guidelines_and_recommendations/ • https://www.selenium.dev/documentation/en/worst_practices/ Test Runner: • https://testng.org/doc/documentation-main.html • https://junit.org/junit4/ • https://junit.org/junit5/ • https://www.infoq.com/articles/test-automation-ai-ml/