INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 3 IN GHANA- Ghadafi

1. TERM ONETERM ONE
TERM TWOTERM TWO

2. LOCATING AND TRANSFERRING INFORMATION FROMLOCATING AND TRANSFERRING INFORMATION FROM
WEBSITES TO WORD PROCESSORSWEBSITES TO WORD PROCESSORS
COMPOSE AND SEND EMAIL MESSAGESCOMPOSE AND SEND EMAIL MESSAGES
ACCESSING AND REPLYING EMAILSACCESSING AND REPLYING EMAILS
WAYS OF SHARING INFORMATIONWAYS OF SHARING INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION TO SPREADSHEETINTRODUCTION TO SPREADSHEET

3. SCROLL BARS and THE HELP FACILITYSCROLL BARS and THE HELP FACILITY
FINDING FILES AND FOLDERS USING THE SEARCH TOOLFINDING FILES AND FOLDERS USING THE SEARCH TOOL
INTEGRATION OF ICT INTO LEARNINGINTEGRATION OF ICT INTO LEARNING
SEARCH ENGINESSEARCH ENGINES

4. INTRODUCTION
The Internet contains information for all types of people.The Internet contains information for all types of people.
Locating information however is sometimes a little difficult if youLocating information however is sometimes a little difficult if you
do not know where to look or where to find it. It is therefore verydo not know where to look or where to find it. It is therefore very
important to learn how to locate information on the internet andimportant to learn how to locate information on the internet and
how to capture the information.how to capture the information.

5. LOCATING INFORMATION FROM WEBSITES
The World Wide Web is designed to revolve around an interconnectionThe World Wide Web is designed to revolve around an interconnection
of links from one internet page to the other. Web pages can includeof links from one internet page to the other. Web pages can include
links to other files on the same computer or another computerlinks to other files on the same computer or another computer
connected to the Internet.connected to the Internet.
A web browser is a tool which aids computer users to display theA web browser is a tool which aids computer users to display the
content of web pages on theircomputer.content of web pages on theircomputer.

6. LOCATING INFORMATION FROM WEBSITES
There are many ways to locate information on the Internet. TheseThere are many ways to locate information on the Internet. These
include:include:
•• Clicking a linkin the currently visible pageClicking a linkin the currently visible page
•• Typing the website address of a new site in theTyping the website address of a new site in the
address baraddress bar
•• Choose a website address from a list of sites youChoose a website address from a list of sites you
have visited beforehave visited before
•• Use the Back and Forward buttons on the toolbarUse the Back and Forward buttons on the toolbar
to return to a site you have recently visited.to return to a site you have recently visited.

7. CLICKING A LINK IN THE CURRENTLY VISIBLE PAGE
A linkin a currently visible page is known as a hyperlink. AA linkin a currently visible page is known as a hyperlink. A
hyperlinkcan be defined as an electronic location on a webhyperlinkcan be defined as an electronic location on a web
page that contains jumps to otherweb pages orfiles.page that contains jumps to otherweb pages orfiles.
A hyperlinkmay eitherappearas a word, phrase, picture orA hyperlinkmay eitherappearas a word, phrase, picture or
headline on an internet page. Clicking on the hyperlinkheadline on an internet page. Clicking on the hyperlink
would result in loading a new page on the web browsertowould result in loading a new page on the web browserto
display new oradditional data.display new oradditional data.

8. TYPING THE WEBSITE ADDRESS
You can locate information fromthe internet by typing inYou can locate information fromthe internet by typing in
the website address in the address barof the web browser.the website address in the address barof the web browser.
You can find website addresses from magazines,You can find website addresses from magazines,
newspapers, radio and television.newspapers, radio and television.

9. CHOOSE A WEBSITE ADDRESS
Most web browsers keep trackof the websites that you visit.Most web browsers keep trackof the websites that you visit.
The addresses of these websites can be found when youThe addresses of these websites can be found when you
click on the arrow next to the address bar. From this list,click on the arrow next to the address bar. From this list,
you can visit a website to observe the information on theyou can visit a website to observe the information on the
website.website.

10. BACK AND FORWARD BUTTONS
These buttons, the Back and Forward button can be foundThese buttons, the Back and Forward button can be found
on the standard toolbar on most web browsers. The Backon the standard toolbar on most web browsers. The Back
button is used to return to previously open web pages in abutton is used to return to previously open web pages in a
particular browser. Click the Back button to go back to theparticular browser. Click the Back button to go back to the
page that you were looking at before you followed the linkpage that you were looking at before you followed the link
to take you to the current page.to take you to the current page.

11. COPYING AND PASTING INFORMATION FROM
WEBSITES
One thing that most people do with the information theyOne thing that most people do with the information they
find on the internet is to copy the information and paste itfind on the internet is to copy the information and paste it
in a word processing document. Click on the box below toin a word processing document. Click on the box below to
watch a demonstration of how to copy text from thewatch a demonstration of how to copy text from the
internet and paste it in a Word processor as described oninternet and paste it in a Word processor as described on
page 7 of the textbook.page 7 of the textbook.

13. INTRODUCTION
Email services have improved greatly and this hasEmail services have improved greatly and this has
encouraged many individuals and organisations to useencouraged many individuals and organisations to use
this facility to aid their operations. Companies usethis facility to aid their operations. Companies use
their email resources to interact with their clients andtheir email resources to interact with their clients and
customers on an almost daily basis. Considering thecustomers on an almost daily basis. Considering the
fast and inexpensive nature of email in comparison tofast and inexpensive nature of email in comparison to
paperbased mail, it is important to learn about it.paperbased mail, it is important to learn about it.

14. COMPOSE AND SEND E-MAIL MESSAGES
To effectively make use of email, there are two basic thingsTo effectively make use of email, there are two basic things
that must be available. To start with, you must possess anthat must be available. To start with, you must possess an
email account to compose the message. Next, you must haveemail account to compose the message. Next, you must have
internet connectivity in order to send the composedinternet connectivity in order to send the composed
message.message.

15. LOG INTO YOUR EMAIL ACCOUNT
You cannot send an email without logging into an emailYou cannot send an email without logging into an email
account. Click on the box below to watch a video of how toaccount. Click on the box below to watch a video of how to
log into an email account as described on page 14 of thelog into an email account as described on page 14 of the
textbook.textbook.

16. COMPOSE YOUR EMAIL
Every email address has two major parts. The first part isEvery email address has two major parts. The first part is
the username of the email address. This usually comesthe username of the email address. This usually comes
before the @sign.before the @sign.
The second part of the email address comes after the @The second part of the email address comes after the @
sign. This is the address of the email service provider.sign. This is the address of the email service provider.

17. SENDING AN EMAIL
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to composeClick on the box below to watch a video of how to compose
and send an email as described on page 16-18 of theand send an email as described on page 16-18 of the
textbook.textbook.

18. LOGGING OUT OF AN EMAIL ACCOUNT
You need to log out of your email account after using it.You need to log out of your email account after using it.
This prevents people from having unauthorised access toThis prevents people from having unauthorised access to
your email account when you leave the computer. Click onyour email account when you leave the computer. Click on
the box below to watch a video of how to log out of an emailthe box below to watch a video of how to log out of an email
account as described on page 19 of the textbook.account as described on page 19 of the textbook.

20. INTRODUCTION
Considering the widespread use of the internet, it isConsidering the widespread use of the internet, it is
appropriate to examine its importance. Email plays anappropriate to examine its importance. Email plays an
important role in everyday life. Email is used for theimportant role in everyday life. Email is used for the
followingfollowing
•• to send job applicationsto send job applications
•• for sending official information andfor sending official information and
communicationcommunication
•• to send academic papersto send academic papers
•• to advertise new productsto advertise new products

21. ACCESS AND REPLY EMAIL
Every email account has an inbox. The inbox refers to theEvery email account has an inbox. The inbox refers to the
location in the email account where email messages arelocation in the email account where email messages are
stored.stored.
Every email you receive goes to the inbox. To access andEvery email you receive goes to the inbox. To access and
read email, you must visit yourinbox. Clickon the box belowread email, you must visit yourinbox. Clickon the box below
to view how to access your inbox as described on page 23 ofto view how to access your inbox as described on page 23 of
the textbook.the textbook.

22. REPLY EMAILS
It is a good practice to reply an email when you receive one.It is a good practice to reply an email when you receive one.
This helps the sender to confirm that the email wasThis helps the sender to confirm that the email was
delivered. Click on the box below to view a video of how todelivered. Click on the box below to view a video of how to
reply emails as described on page 25 of the textbook.reply emails as described on page 25 of the textbook.

24. INTRODUCTION
Sending emails is not the only way of sharingSending emails is not the only way of sharing
information on the internet. There are many ways ofinformation on the internet. There are many ways of
sharing information on the internet.sharing information on the internet.
Information can be used for planning, controlling,Information can be used for planning, controlling,
decision making, recording and measuring. People usedecision making, recording and measuring. People use
the information they have to plan forthe future.the information they have to plan forthe future.

25. SHARING INFORMATION
Information on the internet can be shared through:Information on the internet can be shared through:
•• emailsemails
•• websiteswebsites
•• personal blogspersonal blogs
•• joining online collaborative projectsjoining online collaborative projects
•• RSS feedsRSS feeds
•• PodcastsPodcasts

26. THROUGH EMAILS
You can share information throughYou can share information through
emails anytime you send one to aemails anytime you send one to a
friend. You can tell yourfriendsfriend. You can tell yourfriends
almost anything you want whenalmost anything you want when
you send them an email. You canyou send them an email. You can
share not only text, but pictures asshare not only text, but pictures as
well as music and videos throughwell as music and videos through
email.email.

27. WEBSITES
Almost every website has someAlmost every website has some
sort of information on it. You cansort of information on it. You can
share information when you tellshare information when you tell
yourfriends about the websitesyourfriends about the websites
you have found. You can alsoyou have found. You can also
create yourown website to sharecreate yourown website to share
the information you have. Therethe information you have. There
are a lot of people who haveare a lot of people who have
personal websites where they sharepersonal websites where they share
information about themselves withinformation about themselves with
otherpeopleotherpeople.

28. PERSONAL
BLOGS
A blog is a website that allows people toA blog is a website that allows people to
post information orcomments on a givenpost information orcomments on a given
topic forothers to read. There are manytopic forothers to read. There are many
blogs on the Internet.blogs on the Internet.

29. JOINING ONLINE COLLABORATIVE
PROJECTS
Online collaborative projects oremail discussions groupsOnline collaborative projects oremail discussions groups
are groups orwebsites that treat a wealth of topics. Youare groups orwebsites that treat a wealth of topics. You
can askquestions that will be answered by experts as wellcan askquestions that will be answered by experts as well
as make contributions where possible. Some of theseas make contributions where possible. Some of these
online collaborative projects and daily emails on topicsonline collaborative projects and daily emails on topics
that interest you. There are a numberof onlinethat interest you. There are a numberof online
collaborative projects some of these include Listservecollaborative projects some of these include Listserve
and Majordomo.and Majordomo.

30. RSS FEEDS
RSS stands forReally Simple Syndication. It is anRSS stands forReally Simple Syndication. It is an
internet technology used to send frequently updatedinternet technology used to send frequently updated
information such as news. An RSS document containsinformation such as news. An RSS document contains
eithera summary of content froma website. RSS feedseithera summary of content froma website. RSS feeds
make it possible forpeople to keep up with theirmake it possible forpeople to keep up with their
favourite web site in an automated manner.favourite web site in an automated manner.

31. PODCASTS
Podcasts are video and audio recordings of programs thatPodcasts are video and audio recordings of programs that
can be downloaded by internet users and used to acquirecan be downloaded by internet users and used to acquire
information. Podcasts are very useful because internetinformation. Podcasts are very useful because internet
users can choose when to listen orwatch theirfavouriteusers can choose when to listen orwatch theirfavourite
programs.programs.

33. INTRODUCTION
A SPREADSHEET can be compared to a paper ledgerA SPREADSHEET can be compared to a paper ledger
sheet of an accountant. It consists of a grid or tablesheet of an accountant. It consists of a grid or table
made from columns and rows. It is an environmentmade from columns and rows. It is an environment
that can make the manipulation of numbers easy.that can make the manipulation of numbers easy.
There are a lot of mathematics that go on in theThere are a lot of mathematics that go on in the
background when the spreadsheet accepts data frombackground when the spreadsheet accepts data from
the computer user, but spreadsheets make it verythe computer user, but spreadsheets make it very
simple to use.simple to use.

34. SPREADSHEET
There are many software tools are currently available thatThere are many software tools are currently available that
make financial planning, the analysis of research data ormake financial planning, the analysis of research data or
creating graphs very simple. A number of commercialcreating graphs very simple. A number of commercial
spreadsheet programs are currently available for a numberspreadsheet programs are currently available for a number
of computerplatforms.of computerplatforms.
The common spreadsheet applications include Lotus 1-2-3,The common spreadsheet applications include Lotus 1-2-3,
Quattro Pro and MS-Excel.Quattro Pro and MS-Excel.
One of the major advantages of spreadsheet applications isOne of the major advantages of spreadsheet applications is
that they allow the computer user to experiment with a lotthat they allow the computer user to experiment with a lot
of numbers before settling on the final product.of numbers before settling on the final product.

35. FEATURES OF SPREADSHEET
APPLICATION
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to launch aClick on the box below to watch a video of how to launch a
spreadsheet application as described on page 34 of thespreadsheet application as described on page 34 of the
textbook.textbook.

36. PARTS OF THE EXCEL WINDOW

37. COLUMN
A column is defined as the vertical space that goes upA column is defined as the vertical space that goes up
and down the window. Letters of the alphabet are usedand down the window. Letters of the alphabet are used
to identify a columns location. There are 256 columnsto identify a columns location. There are 256 columns
in a single Excel worksheet. The first column isin a single Excel worksheet. The first column is
labelled A up to the 26th which is Z. The 27th columnlabelled A up to the 26th which is Z. The 27th column
is labelled as AA and 53rd, BA. The last column isis labelled as AA and 53rd, BA. The last column is
labelled IV. Office 2007 and 2010 is XFD.labelled IV. Office 2007 and 2010 is XFD.

38. ROWS
A row is defined as the horizontal space that movesA row is defined as the horizontal space that moves
across the window. In MS-Excel, numbers are used toacross the window. In MS-Excel, numbers are used to
identify a rows location. There are 65,536 rows in anidentify a rows location. There are 65,536 rows in an
Excel worksheet. The first row is labelled 1 and theExcel worksheet. The first row is labelled 1 and the
last row is labelled 65,536. Office 2007 and 2010last row is labelled 65,536. Office 2007 and 2010
1048576.1048576.

39. CELL
A cell is defined as the space where a specific row andA cell is defined as the space where a specific row and
column intersect. Each cell is assigned a namecolumn intersect. Each cell is assigned a name
according to its column letterand row number. Dataaccording to its column letterand row number. Data
and formulas are entered into cells.and formulas are entered into cells.

40. WORKSHEET
A worksheet is a “page” in the workbookof an ExcelA worksheet is a “page” in the workbookof an Excel
document. A worksheet is a single excel page with cellsdocument. A worksheet is a single excel page with cells
starting fromcell A1 through to cell IV65536. By defaultstarting fromcell A1 through to cell IV65536. By default
every excel document has three worksheets. You can add orevery excel document has three worksheets. You can add or
remove worksheets froma document.remove worksheets froma document.

41. WORKBOOK
A workbookis a Microsoft Excel file containing one ormoreA workbookis a Microsoft Excel file containing one ormore
worksheets. A workbookis the file you save anytime youworksheets. A workbookis the file you save anytime you
create a new document in MS-Excel.create a new document in MS-Excel.
ACTIVE CELL
An active cell refers to the cell ready to receive data that is entered in theAn active cell refers to the cell ready to receive data that is entered in the
Excel document. You can identify an active cell by the thickblackExcel document. You can identify an active cell by the thickblack
rectangularbox that surrounds the borders of a cell. The name of therectangularbox that surrounds the borders of a cell. The name of the
active cell is always displayed in the name box. You can change theactive cell is always displayed in the name box. You can change the
location of the active cell by clicking in a new cell using the mouse orbylocation of the active cell by clicking in a new cell using the mouse orby
using the cursorcontrol keys on the keyboard to move between cells.using the cursorcontrol keys on the keyboard to move between cells.

42. AUTOSUM
This is a unique feature of the spreadsheet application. Autosum asThis is a unique feature of the spreadsheet application. Autosum as
the name denotes is a function that the computer user can use tothe name denotes is a function that the computer user can use to
automatically add the figures within a certain range of cells andautomatically add the figures within a certain range of cells and
view the result in a cell designated to display the result.view the result in a cell designated to display the result.
IDENTIFYING CELL NAMES
The cell name or address that makes the cell different from otherThe cell name or address that makes the cell different from other
cells. You need to know the cell address or name in order to createcells. You need to know the cell address or name in order to create
a formula for automating calculations in excel. A cell namea formula for automating calculations in excel. A cell name
therefore bears the characteristics of a row and a column. A celltherefore bears the characteristics of a row and a column. A cell
name starts with the column letter and is preceded by the rowname starts with the column letter and is preceded by the row
number. Thus a cell name will be displayed as C2 not 2Cnumber. Thus a cell name will be displayed as C2 not 2C

43. ADJUSTING COLUMN WIDTH
You can adjust the width of a column by using the mouse to dragYou can adjust the width of a column by using the mouse to drag
the borders of the column or entering a value. Click on the boxthe borders of the column or entering a value. Click on the box
below to watch a video of how to adjust column width.below to watch a video of how to adjust column width.

44. ADJUSTING ROW HEIGHT
You can adjust the height of a row by using the mouse to drag theYou can adjust the height of a row by using the mouse to drag the
borders of the row or entering values. Click on the box below toborders of the row or entering values. Click on the box below to
watch a video of how to adjust row height.watch a video of how to adjust row height.

45. ENTERING DATA
The process of entering data in spreadsheet is a simple process.The process of entering data in spreadsheet is a simple process.
You only have to make sure of two things. The first is that you areYou only have to make sure of two things. The first is that you are
entering the correct data and secondly, you are entering the data inentering the correct data and secondly, you are entering the data in
the right cell or location. Click on the box below to watch a videothe right cell or location. Click on the box below to watch a video
of how to enterdata as described on page 47 of the textbook.of how to enterdata as described on page 47 of the textbook.

46. ADDING FIGURES USING
AUTOSUM
This function helps users of the software to add figures on theThis function helps users of the software to add figures on the
program automatically. Click on the box below to watch a video ofprogram automatically. Click on the box below to watch a video of
how to add figures using AutoSum as described on page 47 of thehow to add figures using AutoSum as described on page 47 of the
textbook.textbook.

47. EDITING A WORKBOOK
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to apply bold,Click on the box below to watch a video of how to apply bold,
underline and italics a workbook as described on page 49 of theunderline and italics a workbook as described on page 49 of the
textbook.textbook.

48. EDITING A WORKBOOK
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to align text in aClick on the box below to watch a video of how to align text in a
workbookas described on page 50 of the textbook.workbookas described on page 50 of the textbook.

49. EDITING A WORKBOOK
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to merge andClick on the box below to watch a video of how to merge and
centre text in a workbookas described on page 51 of the textbook.centre text in a workbookas described on page 51 of the textbook.

50. EDITING A WORKBOOK
Clickon the box below to watch a video of how to save a workbookClickon the box below to watch a video of how to save a workbook
as described on page 52 of the textbook.as described on page 52 of the textbook.

52. INTRODUCTION
Scroll bars can be described as the horizontal and verticalScroll bars can be described as the horizontal and vertical
bars along the bottom and right corners of an open window.bars along the bottom and right corners of an open window.
Scroll bars appear when all the items in a window cannot beScroll bars appear when all the items in a window cannot be
displayed on the computer screen. Scroll bars are designeddisplayed on the computer screen. Scroll bars are designed
for you to be able to click and drag items so you can viewfor you to be able to click and drag items so you can view
the additional content of a window.the additional content of a window.

53. SCROLL BARS
When you need to scroll only a short distance, you can use theWhen you need to scroll only a short distance, you can use the
scroll arrows.scroll arrows.

54. SCROLL BARS
Click on the box below to watch a video of how to use the scrollClick on the box below to watch a video of how to use the scroll
baras described on page 65 of the textbook.baras described on page 65 of the textbook.

55. USING THE HELP FACILITY
There is a systemin MS-Word that gives users immediate accessThere is a systemin MS-Word that gives users immediate access
to definitions, instructions and useful tips. This systemis the Helpto definitions, instructions and useful tips. This systemis the Help
system. The Type a question forhelp box on the menu baris onesystem. The Type a question forhelp box on the menu baris one
of the quickest ways to access the help system. Clickon the boxof the quickest ways to access the help system. Clickon the box
below to see a demonstration of how to use the Help facility.below to see a demonstration of how to use the Help facility.

57. INTRODUCTION
The computersystembasicallyThe computersystembasically
contains two things, these are files andcontains two things, these are files and
folders.folders.
A special tool in the WindowsA special tool in the Windows
operating systemhelps computerusersoperating systemhelps computerusers
to identify missing ormisplaced filesto identify missing ormisplaced files
and folder, provided they have notand folder, provided they have not
been deleted. This tool is very useful inbeen deleted. This tool is very useful in
locating files regardless of the programlocating files regardless of the program
used in theircreation.used in theircreation.

58. USING THE SEARCH TOOL
The search tool can be found on both the start menu and mostThe search tool can be found on both the start menu and most
windows. Click on the box below to watch a video of how use thewindows. Click on the box below to watch a video of how use the
search tool to find a file or folder as described on page 70 of thesearch tool to find a file or folder as described on page 70 of the
textbook.textbook.

60. INTRODUCTION
The benefits of information and communication technologyThe benefits of information and communication technology
can be seen all around us. ICT has changed the way peoplecan be seen all around us. ICT has changed the way people
do things. People use ICT in many ways to benefitdo things. People use ICT in many ways to benefit
themselves as well as otherpeople.themselves as well as otherpeople.
Advances in ICT have been integrated into medicine,Advances in ICT have been integrated into medicine,
making it very easy for doctors and their patients to workmaking it very easy for doctors and their patients to work
together. Doctors can use medical devices fitted with ICTtogether. Doctors can use medical devices fitted with ICT
to conduct surgeries and diagnosis without having to cutto conduct surgeries and diagnosis without having to cut
any part of the patient.any part of the patient.

61. INTEGRATING ICT INTO SPECIFIC LEARNING
AREAS
ICT can be used in many ways toICT can be used in many ways to
encourage teaching and learning.encourage teaching and learning.
Students can benefit fromtheStudents can benefit fromthe
provisions made by ICT to improveprovisions made by ICT to improve
and enhance learning. Teachers canand enhance learning. Teachers can
also benefit fromICT. Let us lookatalso benefit fromICT. Let us lookat
how ICT has been integrated intohow ICT has been integrated into
some learning areas such assome learning areas such as
mathematics, English and science.mathematics, English and science.

62. MATHEMATICS
ICT has helped teachers and students to do mathematics. TheICT has helped teachers and students to do mathematics. The
calculatoris an ICT tool that has been used by most students andcalculatoris an ICT tool that has been used by most students and
teachers forcalculations. This eliminates mistakes frommanyteachers forcalculations. This eliminates mistakes frommany
calculations. Also, spreadsheet applications can be used forcalculations. Also, spreadsheet applications can be used for
calculations. As you learnt earlierin this book, you can performcalculations. As you learnt earlierin this book, you can perform
mathematical calculations using a spreadsheet application. This ismathematical calculations using a spreadsheet application. This is
usually fasterand easier.usually fasterand easier.

63. ENGLISH
Studying the English language has been made simple and possibleStudying the English language has been made simple and possible
through ICT tools such as the radio, word processorand computerthrough ICT tools such as the radio, word processorand computer
games such as scrabble. Word processors can help to improvegames such as scrabble. Word processors can help to improve
vocabulary, spelling and grammar. Some computerprograms canvocabulary, spelling and grammar. Some computerprograms can
help students to learn new words, learn more synonyms andhelp students to learn new words, learn more synonyms and
antonyms.antonyms.

64. SCIENCE
As already mentioned, the Brilliant Science andAs already mentioned, the Brilliant Science and
Maths quiz and the PSI distance educationMaths quiz and the PSI distance education
programcan help and encourage students toprogramcan help and encourage students to
appreciate the study of science. There are manyappreciate the study of science. There are many
softwares on the market that help students to seesoftwares on the market that help students to see
pictures of the things they are learning about.pictures of the things they are learning about.
Teachers can use the internet to find betterTeachers can use the internet to find better
teaching techniques to learn about science.teaching techniques to learn about science.
In addition to this, Microsoft Encarta hasIn addition to this, Microsoft Encarta has
specially designed features to aid students in thespecially designed features to aid students in the
study of science as well.study of science as well.

65. BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
There are many benefits of using ICT in teaching and learning.There are many benefits of using ICT in teaching and learning.
Some of the benefits include:Some of the benefits include:
•• Makes learning easyMakes learning easy
Students gain access to many examples and practicalStudents gain access to many examples and practical
information as well as memory techniques wheninformation as well as memory techniques when
they make use of ICT tools. The calculatorforthey make use of ICT tools. The calculatorfor
example makes calculations easy.example makes calculations easy.

66. BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
• Makes learning interestingMakes learning interesting
ICT tools do not require that students need to be inICT tools do not require that students need to be in
the classroomalways to learn. Students can be inthe classroomalways to learn. Students can be in
the comfort of theirhomes and learn. ICT tools alsothe comfort of theirhomes and learn. ICT tools also
make colourful images available. Students can playmake colourful images available. Students can play
computergames whilst learning. e.g. Playingcomputergames whilst learning. e.g. Playing
scrabble helps improve vocabulary.scrabble helps improve vocabulary.

67. BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
•• Makes students learn at theirown paceMakes students learn at theirown pace
With ICT tools, students can continue learning atWith ICT tools, students can continue learning at
anytime of the day. Students can take theirtime andanytime of the day. Students can take theirtime and
learn new concepts. They can choose to learn morelearn new concepts. They can choose to learn more
about a particulartopic by surfing the web orabout a particulartopic by surfing the web or
Encarta witherbefore it is taught in school orafterEncarta witherbefore it is taught in school orafter

68. BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
•• Helps deprived studentsHelps deprived students
Students in deprived communities where there isStudents in deprived communities where there is
not enough materials to teach certain subjects cannot enough materials to teach certain subjects can
still benefit fromwatching the long distancestill benefit fromwatching the long distance
education programon television.education programon television.

69. BENEFITS OF USING ICT IN TEACHING AND LEARNING
•• Encourages teamworkand self developmentEncourages teamworkand self development
Television programs like the brilliant science andTelevision programs like the brilliant science and
maths quiz and the radio programwhat do youmaths quiz and the radio programwhat do you
know encourage students to workas a teamto winknow encourage students to workas a teamto win
competitions and learn hard to develop theircompetitions and learn hard to develop their
intellect. This all helps to make teaching andintellect. This all helps to make teaching and
learning better.learning better.

71. INTRODUCTION
The internet, also known as the information superhighwayThe internet, also known as the information superhighway
grants several users the opportunity to access informationgrants several users the opportunity to access information
of all sorts at any given time. There is no limit to theof all sorts at any given time. There is no limit to the
information found on the internet and internet users onlyinformation found on the internet and internet users only
need to lookat the right place to find the information theyneed to lookat the right place to find the information they
need.need.
Internet search engines are powerful tools in the hands ofInternet search engines are powerful tools in the hands of
internet users who know and understand how to use theminternet users who know and understand how to use them
properly.properly.

72. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEARCH ENGINES
The common internet search engines are ask.com, google.comThe common internet search engines are ask.com, google.com
and yahoo.comand yahoo.com
There are three different types of search engines. These includeThere are three different types of search engines. These include
indexers orcrawlers, directories and metasearchers orindexers orcrawlers, directories and metasearchers or
metacrawlers.metacrawlers.

73. INDEXERS
These are search engines that use an automated method ofThese are search engines that use an automated method of
collecting information. They are referred to as crawlers becausecollecting information. They are referred to as crawlers because
these programs crawl through the Internet twenty fourhours athese programs crawl through the Internet twenty fourhours a
day, cataloguing orindexing web sites. The results of indexersday, cataloguing orindexing web sites. The results of indexers
are usually full of worthless information, but if you take yourare usually full of worthless information, but if you take your
time to go through the results, you will find the information youtime to go through the results, you will find the information you
are looking for. Examples of indexers are include AltaVista,are looking for. Examples of indexers are include AltaVista,
Excite, HotBot and Magellan.Excite, HotBot and Magellan.

74. DIRECTORIES
Directories rely on human beings catloging websites. Due to theDirectories rely on human beings catloging websites. Due to the
human factor, these search engines have a higherdegree ofhuman factor, these search engines have a higherdegree of
accuracy but do not display a lot of search results. Due to theaccuracy but do not display a lot of search results. Due to the
human factor, they are not frequently updated. Some exampleshuman factor, they are not frequently updated. Some examples
of directories are Galaxy, LookSmart and Lycos.of directories are Galaxy, LookSmart and Lycos.

75. METACRAWLERS
Metacrawlers are the best of the three types of search engines.Metacrawlers are the best of the three types of search engines.
Metacrawlers use multiple search programs to lookthrough theMetacrawlers use multiple search programs to lookthrough the
databases of multiple search engines to deliverthe results as onedatabases of multiple search engines to deliverthe results as one
page of results. Some examples of metacrawlers are Dogpile,page of results. Some examples of metacrawlers are Dogpile,
Infid and Google.Infid and Google.

76. USING SEARCH ENGINES
When using a search engine, remember:When using a search engine, remember:
• Topics should not be too broadTopics should not be too broad
• Relevant information always appearat the topRelevant information always appearat the top

77. USING SEARCH ENGINES
Clickon the box below to watch a video of how to use the GoogleClickon the box below to watch a video of how to use the Google
search engine to find information.search engine to find information.