Traditional and Modern of Aquaculture systems

1. Traditional and Modern
of Aquaculture systems
Dr.Abd El Rahman Ahmed Khattaby
Senior Researcher
Fish Production and Aquaculture systems Research Department,
Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt.
+201009016959 | a.a.khattaby@gmail.com | WhatsApp: +201009016959
August 7, 2022

2. What is the meaningof Aquaculture
Aquaculture is known as fish farming under systematic
conditions with the aim to obtain the largest possible fish
production at the lowest cost.
Aquaculture has started of the ancient Egyptians times,
which known the important of fish; and we show fish
ponds and methods of feeding on the temple's draw , as
well as the ancient Chinese cultured fish. and it spread
throw the time of the Romans and all the world.
EGYPT LEAD …

3. Why Aquaculture?
Aquaculture benefits :
1.maximum quantities of fish.
2.high-income works.
3.Covered Markets requests quantity and seasonality
4.Harvesting easier than in fisheries.
5.Use wasteland and desert lands
6. fresh fish in desert areas.
7.Aquaculture produces high quality fish with high marketing and
export value.
8.reduce pressure on natural resources and fisheries and not to stress
them.
30
70
70 % of our World is water…
Land
98
2
…but only 2% of the food production comes from there…
Land Water

4. Needs to develop Aquaculture:
The Aquaculture needs to :
1- the quantity and quality of fry and fingerlings necessary.
2- Need to good industrial feed for fish.
3- Need to tools and equipment for fish farms, including aerator,
fishing nets, automatic feeders and lift pumps.
4- Companies to establish and equip fish farms.
5- Unused places, wasteland and desert land to establish and equip
fish farms.
6- Markets that consume the fish produced and demand of fish by
the consumer to help to control the price of the final product and
not to fall in price.
If such elements exist, investors will already start to build fish
farms and choose places to help the growth and development of
this sector.

5. SPECIES DIVERSITY IN EGYPT
954164
59.96%
317807
19.97%
199494
12.54 %
10252
0.64%
32555
2.046 %
38737
2.43 %
36184
2.27 %
2146
0.14 %

6. Typeof Aquaculture
There are several divisions of
aquaculture
For kind of water ( Marin and fresh
water – Worm and cold water….
For kind of species ( Mono Culture –
and Poly culture – Integration Culture)
Water flow (close systems and open
systems)
For intensity ( extensive –sime and
intensive systems)
+
-
Saltwater
Freshwater
Atlantic Salmon
Rainbow Trout
Halibut
Sole
Sturgeon
AfricanCatfish
Whitefish
Carp
Turbot
Cod
Tilapia
Arctic Charr
Pike Perch
Perch
Brook Trout
Rainbow Trout
SeaBass
Grouper
Amberjack
SeaBream

7. Extensive Sime intensive Intensive
one of the simplest
methods used for fish
farming; it relies on
natural food available in
the ponds in the same
large areas.
the fish density in this
system is higher than
Extensive system and fish
are stocked in ponds with
large areas ranging from 8-
15 acers, the density of fish
increased by 2-20kg/m.
This system is widespread
in many developed
countries, where it is
necessary to follow this
system in the presence of
model fish farms reliable to
obtain a good economic
return. This system is based
on providing a balanced
diet rich in protein, which
meets the needs of fish
food according to different
ages, high densities of fish
are placed in ponds (20-30
kg/m3).
Open systems
Close systems

8. INTENSIVE AQUACULTURE POLLUTES?
Stress
Fish
Stocking
Density
Natural feed
Semi-
Intensive
Intensive
Chance
to
be
Hit
by
diseases
Managerial
Cost
Investment
cost
Extensive
With progress in
Aquaculture,
We are always
going to
intensify and
stress
25-30% of the feed provided to fish is absorbed and the rest is excreted in the form of solid and liquid waste into the
water

9. Fish Extract and drops
Settable solids :
Suspended Solids :
GAS as NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
NH3
Intensive aquaculture
• consumes many inputs
• discharges many waste materials

10. Traditional farms
Farm 4 Farm 3 Farm 2
Farm 1

11. Cages culture: Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish
are held in floating net pens. The system utilises existing water
bodies but encloses the fish in a cage or basket on all sides
(including the bottom), while permitting water exchange and
waste removal into the surrounding water.
Cages are constructed in a variety of shapes using materials
such as bamboo or wooden slats and wire, nylon and/or
alternative synthetic meshes. Support structures are used to
hold cages on the water surface or to suspend it above the
bottom of a body of water.
Cage culturing makes it possible to grow fish in different water
bodies (lakes, large reservoirs, and rivers) where draining and
seining would be difficult or impossible.
They are also a good alternative for estuaries and coastal bays. The use of cages in an existing water
body whether community or government owned, enhances aquaculture, and enables rural and small-
scale farmers to go into aquaculture for increased productivity in domestic fish production.
The system is also particularly suited to the rural poor who do not have access to land for any other
form of agricultural production.

12. Cages Components The important components of a cage culture system
are: I. Frame (this can be constructed from wood,
iron, steel, etc.),
II. Floating device,
III. Mesh or netting,
IV. Cage cover (to prevent fish losses from jumping or
predation), and
V. Feeding ring (to retain floating feed and prevent
wastage).
The selection of an appropriate site forms the most critical aspect of the cage culture
system, as it will help to minimise most of the risks associated with operating the system.
Lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, and streams can be used as potential sites, provided that
the water quality and carrying capacity is suitable and there is adequate water depth
beneath the cages to allow water movement. Furthermore, the cage units should be
designed to withstand prevailing wind and wave conditions at the selected site. Good water
exchange is also important in cage culture to replenish oxygen and flush away wastes.

13. I. Ease of installation,
II. Flexibility of management,
III. Effective use of fish feeds,
IV. Low labour requirements,
V. Better control of fish population,
VI. The mobility and flexibility of the system allows it to be removed from one place to
another, in case of emergencies,
VII. It requires less investment, because it uses existing water bodies, simple technology, and
swift return of investment,
VIII. It allows for simple close observation and sampling of fish; therefore, only minimum
supervision is needed, and
IX. Fish handling and harvesting are very simple and helps to maintain the non-seasonal
supply of the fish.
Advantages of Cage culture
Systems:

14. Disadvantages of Cage culture
Systems:
I. Feed must be nutritionally complete and kept fresh,
II. External water problems can impact on fish (oxygen levels, pH levels, water quality etc),
III. Diseases are a common problem in cage culture. The crowding in cages promotes stress and
allows disease organisms spread rapidly. Also, wild fish around the cage can transmit diseases to
the caged fish,
IV. Caged fish are unable to access natural food sources,
V. A high food loss is recorded with cage culture as feed is lost through the cage mesh/materials into
the water,
VI. The high fish density with the high feeding rates, often reduces dissolved oxygen and increases
ammonia concentration in and around the cage, especially if there is no water movement through
the cage, and
VII. It is difficult to control aspects such as water temperature and quality specifically if using natural
water bodies such as dams, lakes, or rivers

15. Race way ponds:
It is one of the methods of intensive production of fish,
where it is driven by a constant water stream, which helps
to removal of waste, resulting from fish feeding, and help
to increase level of Oxygen by water move
Raceways for fish culture are series of tanks (rearing units)
which are relatively shallow and continuously supplied with
high-water flow (usually along the long axis), to sustain
aquatic life. A typical raceway culture system consists of a
long and narrow canal of concrete with a water inlet and
outlet to maintain a continuous flow of fresh water. With
fresh water continuously flowing through the canal, the
water quality is always high, and fish can be cultured at high
densities.

16. Close systems:
These systems are based on high technology, and
require high experience in operating, and
understanding the meaning of water quality and its
various measurements.
These systems mainly rely on filters for the disposal of
fish residues as well as special rooms to control water
quality, which may raise the cost of operation.
However, it can be constructed in places that may not
be suitable for open systems such as places with
temperatures that are not suitable for the cultured
species where the water temperature is accurately
adjusted within the system as well as the rest of the
water characteristics. This increases the market value
of farmed fish in this area.
RAS is typically an intensive system that allows farmers
to control environmental conditions year-round.
Although the construction of this system requires a
higher start-up cost than that of either pond or cage
culture, if designed and managed properly, fish can be
produced all year round, thereby making the
economic returns worth the increased investment.
The use of RAS can reduce the use of fresh water to a
minimum and has been proven to be a feasible
method to produce fish,

17. Advantages of using RAS:
I. The RAS is advantageous over other aquaculture systems in the
reduction of incoming water volume,
II. Reuse more water within the culture system,
III. Reduction in the amount of water released and the effluent quality,
IV. Higher level of biosecurity and lower risks from external
contaminants,
V. The system allows for intensive aquaculture production to be
undertaken on a smaller footprint,
VI. The system can also be located closer to markets and infrastructure,
such as highway connections and utilities,
VII. Indoor operations protect the fish stock from seasonal variations in
temperature, allowing year-round production that satisfies constant
market demand,
VIII. Relatively small area is needed,
IX. Suitable for a wide range of climatic conditions, and
X. Security is easy to manage.

18. Disadvantages of using RAS:
I. High capital investment required to establish system,
II. Technology driven system – not always user friendly,
III. There are many different bio filtration systems involved in
operating the systems. These would need to be screened with the
best adapted to local conditions,
IV. High and constant demand of power,
V. Highly technical installation, and
VI. Maintenance is relatively high.

19. Biofloc System
Bioflocs provide two critical services—treating wastes from feeding and providing nutrition from
floc consumption. Biofloc systems can operate with low water exchange rates (0.5 to 1 percent
per day). This long water residence time allows the development of a dense and active biofloc
community to enhance the treatment of waste organic matter and nutrients.

20. Egyptian Aquaculture Ponds

22. In Pond Raceway (IPRs) Systems
-Well-Mixed water column.
- Phytoplankton Management.
- Improved dissolved Oxygen levels.
- Solid waste collection and removal.
- Conservation and reuse of water.
-Environmental protection.

24. POND-RECIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR
SHRIMP
- Production pond & Treatment ponds
- Central sump – To trap Sediments
- Anoxic pond for sludge treatment
- Baffled partitions for sedimentation
- Fish, bivalves, and seaweed stocked for
water quality control
- Clear water flows back to the production
pond

25. Integrated Fish farms

26. PLANT INTEGRATED FARMING
SYSTEMS
Wheat in the winter
Rice with fish

27. Aquaponic
Aquaponic is a production system that falls under the aquaculture sector and is in fact
a hybrid production system between aquaculture and hydroponics.

28. BIVALVES FOR WATER TREATMENT