2. WHAT IS SOCIAL SECURITY
Social security is a concept enshrined in Article 22 of
the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which states
that Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to
social security and is entitled to realization, through national
effort and international co-operation and in accordance with
the organization and resources of each State, of
the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for
his dignity and the free development of his personality.
In simple words it may be defined as a protection which
society provides to its members by various public measures
against social and economic distress.
3. To provide
medical care,
education
and other
basic needs.
To provide
To provide confidence to
medical and Purposes the individuals
income of Social that they are
security to Security socially and
members of economically
society. secure.
To provide
income security
by maintenance
and promotion of
job creation
4. SOCIAL SECURITY IN INDIA
According to article 41 of Indian
Constitution
“The State shall, within the limits of its
economic capacity and development,
make effective provision for securing the
right to work, to education and to public
assistance in cases of unemployment, old
age, sickness and disablement, and in
other cases of undeserved want”.
5. SOCIAL SECURITY IN INDIA-
SCHEMES
National Food For Work Programme
Jawahar Rozgar Yojana
Saakshar Bharat Mission
Antyodaya Anna Yojana
Integrated Education for Disabled Children
Indira Awaas Yojana
And the most recent – MGNREGA, enacted by
legislation on August 25,2005.
6. NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK
PROGRAMME
The objective of the programme was to provide
to150 most backward districts of the country with
the generation of supplementary wage
employment and providing of food-security
through creation of need based economic, social
and community assets in these districts. The
programme has since been subsumed in National
Rural Employment Guarantee Act which has come
in force in 200 identified districts of the country
including 150 NFFWP districts.
7. JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANA
It was launched on April 1,1989 by merging
the National Rural Employment Program
and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee
Programme.
It was the largest employment programme
at that time with a general objective of
providing 90-100 days employment per
person. Individuals below poverty line were
main targets.
8. SAAKSHAR BHARAT MISSION
It aims to further promote and strengthen Adult
Education, specially of women, by extending
educational options to those adults who having
lost the opportunity of access to formal education
and crossed the standard age for receiving such
education, now feel a need for learning of any
type, including, literacy, basic education
(equivalency to formal education), vocational
education (skill development), physical and
emotional development, practical arts, applied
science, sports, and recreation.
9. ANTYODAYA ANNA YOJANA
It was launched by government in
December 2000 aiming at the poorest of
the families.
It aimed at providing the poorest of the
poor 35 kg rice and wheat at Rs.2 per kg
wheat and Rs.3 per kg rice
10. INTEGRATED EDUCATION FOR
DISABLED CHILDREN
It was started with the objective of “ Education for
All”, and with a purpose of integrating the
physically and mentally challenged people in the
society as equal members.
Under this program children were to be provided
with financial support for books, stationery, school
uniforms, transportation, special equipment and
aids. The state governments were provided with
50 % of the financial assistance to implement this
program in regular schools.
11. INDIRA AWAAS YOJANA
This programme aims at providing
housing for the rural poor in India.
Under this programme ,Rural
Development Ministry provides financial
assistance to BPL families for
construction of their houses.
12. MGNREGA
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act was enacted on August
25,2005 by a legislation.
This scheme provides individuals with legal
Right to Employment for 100 days every
financial year to adult members of any rural
household willing to do public work related
unskilled manual work at the
statutory minimum wage of 120 .
13. BRIEF HISTORY OF MGNREGA
The act was enacted on August 25,2005 as
National Rural Employment Guarantee
Act(NREGA).
It was renamed as MGNREGA on 2nd
October,2009.
It was first launched on February 2,2006 from
Anantpur district, Andhra Pradesh.
The act has been extended in phases.
In Phase-1 it covered 200 most backward districts
of country.
Currently 625 districts are covered under this
scheme.
14. SOME PROVISIONS AND FEATURES OF
THE ACT
Households with adults who are willing to do unskilled
manual work have to first register with their local Gram
Panchayat after which they are provided with a Job
Card.
Now any Job Card holder may apply for employment
and the minimum days of employment must be 14
days.
If employment is not provided within 15 days of
application, then the applicant is entitled for
unemployment allowance.
Work is to be preferably provided within 5 km radius of
the village and if it is beyond 5 km, extra wage of 10%
of minimum wage are payable.
15. CONT.
At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries must be
women.
Wages are to be given on a weekly basis.
Work side facilities such as crèche , drinking
water , shade have to be provided.
A 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be
maintained.
No contractors and machinery is allowed.
16. FUNDING
Initially 11,300 crores rupees were allotted for
the programme in 2006-2007.
The allocation of budget has increased
considerably over the years.
The allocation was Rs. 40,000 crore in 2011-
12.
But the scheme witnessed its first cut in
funding in 2012-13 as it was allotted only Rs.
33,000 crore.
18. CONT.
All of the manual wage payment is
provided by the central government.
The unemployment allowance is to be
bearded by the state government.
Some percentage of administrative cost
is shared by the central government.
19. CONT.
Distribution of Material Cost
25
Central Government
State Government
75
21. MAIN OBJECTIVES
• Enhancing the livelihood security
UNEMPLOYMEN of rural households
T • Arresting rural migration
• Create rural assets and
SUSTAINABLE infrastructure
DEVELOPMEN • Create livelihood resource base
T • Restore environment
22. WORKS AND ACTIVITIES
As the objective of MGNREGA works is both employment
generation and sustainable rural development, the
activities done under this plan are done to achieve these
objectives. Some of the main activities are:-
Rain Water conservation and Harvesting
Afforestation
Developing Rural Connectivity
Flood Control
Digging of new tanks and ponds
28. PROBLEMS
Many times muster roles are not present at work sites
Sometimes these roles contain fake names
Facilities such as crèche are rarely provided. Due to this
reason women with small children are either forced to
leave their child at home or in some cases not to go for
work.
Payment of wages are often delayed.
Many of the time ,additional wage of 10% of minimum
wage for working more than 5 km away from village is not
given.
In many states the works undertake are rarely
completed(for example in Arunachal Pradesh it is 0%)
29. CONT.
Lack of initiative on the part of Sarpanch and the TDO
Lack of awareness at the Taluka and Village level
despite intensive IEC activities
Lack of technical support
30. WORKS TAKEN UNDER MGNREGA
Works(in lakhs)
80
70
60
50
40
30 Works taken up
20
10 Works completed
0
31. MEASURES TO IMPROVE
EFFICIENCY
In some states where the programme has been a great
failure till now , the center can take the responsibility of
implementation
There must be a nodal agency as a watchdog to overview
performance of programme
Emphasis should not be only on the employment
generation, rather it must focus on permanent asset
creation
The projects must be decided on the basis of suggestions
given by local people as far as possible
Instead of 100 days of work per household, it should
provide 100 days of work per adult individual.
