fundamental of cancer treatement

1. UNDERSTANDING
CANCER

2. WHAT IS CANCER?
• Cancer is a huge group of diseases
characterized by unrestrained growth and
spread of odd cells.

3. Normal Cells Vs. Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells:
– Be unable to find control over growth and
multiplication
– Do not self-destruct when they become worn out
out or damaged
– Crowd out healthy cells

4. Growth of Cancer Cells
• Cancer cells reproduce every 2-6 weeks.
• Cancer cells size:
– One million cancer cells = head of a pin
– One billion cancer cells = a small grape

5. Signs and Symptoms of Cancer
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Change in bowel lifestyle or bladder functions
Sores that do not heal
Abnormal bleeding or discharge
Hickening of breast or other parts of the body
Difficulty swallowing
Recent change in mole
Determined coughing.

7. Causes Of
Cancer?
LIFESTYLE
ENVOURMENT
GENETIC

8. LIFESTYLE RISK
• Smoking
• Diet high fat and low in fruits and vegetables
• Lack of exercise
• Unprotected exposure to the UV rays
• Obesity.

9. Environmental Risks
• Second hand smoke
• Pollution from air
• Industrial pollution
• Chemical exposures

10. Inherited Risks
• Less than 15% of cancers are hereditary
• Gene mutations are linked to some inherited cancers
• Cancers that may be cause by inherited gene mutations are:
– Colon cancer
– Breast cancer
– Ovarian
– Prostate cancer
– Skin cancer

11. Screening Tests and Self-exams
Screening tests:
• Colon
• Breast
• Cervical
• Prostate
Self-exams:
• Testicular
• Skin

12. Why Screening Tests?
• The dealing with cancer is most successful
when the cancer is detected as early as
possible, often before symptoms take place.

13. Colon Cancer
• Most colon cancers start as a polyps
• Removing polyps can avoid colon cancer

14. Colon Cancer Screening Guidelines
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Age of 50 and older
younger if there is a family history
Yearly fecal occult blood test
Elastic sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Yearly FOBT and sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years
Colonoscopy every 10 years

15. Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
• Yearly mammograms starting at age 40
• Clinical breast exams
• about every three years for women in their
20s and 30s
• every year for women 40 and over.

16. Breast Cancer Screening Guidelines
• Women should report any breast change promptly
to their health care providers.
• Women at increased risk should speak with their
doctors about the benefits and restrictions of
starting mammography screening earlier, having
additional tests or having more regular exams.

17. Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines
• Annual pap testing should begin with the onset of sexual
activity or at age 18
• examine pros & cons of new HPV vaccine
• Pap testing should continue less frequently at the discretion
of the medical provider and patient after three or more
annual tests have been normal

18. Prostate Cancer Screening Guidelines
• Men should speak to their doctor about the
pros and cons of prostate cancer screening
• Prostate specific antigen and digital rectal
examinations are recommended for men
above 50

19. Testicular Cancer Screening Guidelines
• It is recommended that a testicular exam be
conducted through routine cancer-related
checkups.
• It is supposed that it is important to make
men aware of testicular cancer and that any
unusual mass should be evaluated by a health
care provider without delay.

20. Skin Cancer
•
The ABCD’s of melanoma of skin
cancer
– Asymmetry: one half is not like
the other
– Border: the edges are jagged or
irregular
– Color: the color is varied, tan,
red, black etch
– Diameter: the diameter is larger
than 8mm

21. Skin Cancer Prevention
• It is important to:
– Defend your skin with hats, long sleeves and
sunscreen
– Do a self examination of your skin monthly
– Become recognizable with any moles, freckles or
other abnormalities on your skin
– Check for changes once a month.

22. Good News!
• Other Ways to Reduce the Risks of Developing
Cancer…

23. Avoid Smoking or Chewing
Tobacco
• Cigarette smoking is
the leading cause of
preventable death in
the world
• Second hand smoke
affects everyone

24. Fruits and Vegetables Decrease Cancer
Risks
• Cancer rates could turn down by up to 20% if
everyone consumed 5 fruits and vegetables a day!
• Cancer struggle substances:
–
–
–
–
Antioxidants
Dietary fiber
Carotenoids
Flavenoids

25. Limit Alcohol to No More Than
• Men – 2 drinks per day
• Women - 1 drink per day

26. Reduce Your Skin Exposure to the Sun
 Limit time outside, between 10 a.m. & 4 p.m.
 Wear defending clothing.
 Prevent sunburns, especially for children under
18.
 Avoid tanning beds.

27. Be Active…Often
• Exercise for 30 minutes or more at least 4
days a week.

28. www.Goindiamedical.com
D-22,Sec 3,Near Noida
Near Sec 16 Metro Station
Noida, India – 201301
Cell-8860150009