This is an amateur analysis of Tata Steel by me for a course called "Value Engineering" which is a part of the curriculum of "Industrial Engineering and Management"
1. Value Engineering
ANALYSIS OF THE FINANCIALS OF A
COMPANY
Avinash Kumar Rai
Aakash Saluja
Bhavuk Singla
Aaditya Nagpal
2. TATA STEEL- A BRIEF INTRO
• Indian multi-national steel company headquartered in Mumbai
• Among top 10 global steel companies with annual crude steel
capacity of over 28 million
tonnes per annum (mtpa)
• Ranked 401st in the 2012 Fortune Global 500 ranking
• Has manufacturing operations in 26 countries, including Australia,
China, India, the Netherlands, Singapore, Thailand and the United
Kingdom, and commercial presence in
about 50 countries
• Employs about 81,000 people
• Part of the prestigious TATA GROUP
• The largest plant of the company is located in
Jamshedpur, India (6.8mtpa)
3. HISTORICAL TIMELINE
• 1907-1908 The town of Sakchi is
discovered which is to be the place
where the 1st steel plant of India
would be located and the
construction work begins and the
TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY is
formed.
• 1911-1912 The first blast furnace
went into operation successfully and
the first ingot of steel rolled out of the
Sakchi Plant amidst much rejoicing
• 1937 Retiring Gratuity Scheme was
launched
• 1941 manufacture of special steel for
war purpose was commenced
4. • 1980 First phase of the four-
phased modernisation
programme started
• 1999 SAP was introduced
• 2002 Tata Steel was conferred the
Prime Minister's Trophy for the
Best Integrated Steel Plant for the
third consecutive year and four
times in all
• 2007 Integration of Tata Steel and
Corus was accomplished at US $
12 billion, making Tata Steel one
among the top ten steel producers
globally and the second-most
geographically diversified steel
producer in the world
5. • 2005 The name of the
company was changed from
Tata Iron and Steel company
to Tata Steel Limited
• 2008 Indian Prime Minister Dr.
Manmohan Singh unveils the
Centenary Postage Stamp, to
commemorate Tata Steel's
Centenary year
• 2008 The company won the
Deming Application Prize
• 2012 Tata Steel became the
first steel company to win the
Deming grand prize
6. BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Cyrus P. Mistry
Non Executive Chairman of the Board
B. Muthuraman
Non Executive Vice-Chairman
H.M. Nerukar
Managing Director & CEO
Ishaat Husain
Non Executive Director
Karl-Ulrich Köhler
Non Executive Director
Koushik Chatterjee
Finance Director
Independent Directors
Nusli Neville Wadia
Subodh Bhargava
Jacobus Schraven
Andrew Robb
Mallika Srinivasan
D. K. Mehrotra
OP Bhatt
Ratan N. Tata
Chairman Emeritus
7. SUBSIDIARIES
Major International Acquisitions :
• Tata Steel Europe (formerly Corus PLC in 2007)
• Tata Steel Thailand (formerly Millennium Steel in 2005)
• Nat Steel Holdings, Singapore (in 2004)
Other Subsidiaries :
• Tata Sponge Iron Limited
• Tata Metaliks
• Tata Steel KZN Pte Limited
• TRL Krosaki Refractories Limited
• The Tinplate Company of India Limited
• Tata Steel Processing & Distribution Limited
9. BALANCE SHEET
The balance sheet is a summary of the
financial position of an organisation at a
particular point of time. This position is
conveyed by listing all the things of value
(assets) owned by the organisation on one
side and the payables owed by the
organisation on the other side.
11. PROFIT AND LOSS STATEMENT
(Income Statement)
An orderly list of all the revenues and all the
expenses at the end of the financial period .
The difference between revenues and
expenses gives an estimate of the profit or
loss of the period i.e. the net earnings of the
business.
12. CONTENTS OF PROFIT & LOSS STATEMENT
Sales (or revenue)
less : cost of goods sold
Gross profit
less operating expenses
Operating profit
less: non operating expenses
Profit before interest and tax (PBIT)
Less: interest
Profit before tax(PBT)
Less : tax
Profit after tax (PAT)
Add : previous year’s balance of P&L A/C
Profit available for distribution
Less : appropriations
Retained earnings
13. CONSOLIDATED AND STANDALONE
STATEMENTS
• CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT
A consolidated financial statement covers the activities of
the parent company and its subsidiaries in a single report, as
if they were all a single company operating under one roof.
• STAND-ALONE FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Stand-alone financial statements, by contrast, treat each
entity as if it were entirely separate -- the parent unrelated
to the subsidiaries, and the subsidiaries unrelated to one
another.
36. DEMAND AND SUPPLY
• This fundamental rule of economics holds good for the equity
market as well. The price is directly affected by the trend of stock
market trading. When more people are buying a certain stock, the
price of that stock increases and when more people are selling he
stock, the price of that particular stock falls. Now it is difficult to
predict the trend of the market but your stock broker can give you
fair idea of the ongoing trend of the market but be careful before
you blindly follow the advice.
38. MARKET SENTIMENTS
• The price of the stock of a
company is affected most of
the time by the general
market direction during a
session. In a bull market, the
stock price of most
companies will rise and in a
bear market the stock price
of most companies will fall.
One can gauge the market
sentiment by looking at stock
indexes or its future price
movement.
39. MARKET CAPITALISATION
• Market Cap - If you are trying to guess the worth
of a company from the price of the stock, you are
making a huge mistake. It is the market
capitalization of the company, rather than the
stock, that is more important when it comes to
determining the worth of the company. You need
to multiply the stock price with the total number
of outstanding stocks in the market to get the
market cap of a company and that is the worth of
the company.
40. NAME LAST PRICE(RS.) MARKET CAP.(CRORES)
TATA STEEL LTD. 218.45 21213.38
SAIL 40.1 16562.7
JINDAL STEEL 207 19387
COMPARE MARKET CAP WITH PEERS
46. TATA STEEL WRITEOFF
(Rs 8700 crores)
• $13 Billion dollar deal in 2007
to acquire Corus
• The shares were trading around
400 pence but were bought by
the Tatas at 608 pence
(premium of 34%)
• A write-off of $1.6 Billion
dollars (Rs. 8700 crores) of the
goodwill
• This is the reason for net loss in
FY ‘13.
47. MAJOR CHALLENGES
• Slump in the world steel
market. European demand has
fallen 30% since 2007
• Has a huge debt which could be
about 63,200 crore rupees by
the end of FY 14. Cash flows
would barely be able to match
the interest outflows.
• Huge debts have destroyed
value for the company and the
market capitalization is very low
• Tata Steel pays three fourths of
its EBITDA as interest
CYRUS P. MISTRY
Chairman
TATA Group & TATA STEEL
48. IMMEDIATE ACTION
• Reduce the fixed costs in the
European Operations
• Sell the non performing assets
in Europe
• Capacity addition in the
Indian operations as the OPM
is high
• Reduce the debt to at least
half in 2-3 years so as to stop
the huge interest outflow
This is the portrait of the founder of the Tata group, JN Tata
Talk about sap
Talk about demming
This is the list of the board of directors of the compnay. The board has 13 members out of which 2 are executive directors.More than half of the board ie. 7 members are independent directors.Ratan Tata used to be the chairman of the board until his retirement in December last year. Now he is the Chairman Emeritus which is an honorary post
This is the list of the subsidiaries of the company. The company has made 3 major acquisitions namely Corus, Millennium Steel and Nat Steel.. The buyout of corus was the biggest by any indian company ever.. It has changed the history of the company and that is why it is highlighted..
Now we are gonna do the financial analysis of the company.Balance sheet and profit and loss statement are two important statements which we are goin to use for the analysis. And nw I will tell u briefly what these two are.
Balance sheet represent company’s financial position at particular pt. of time. Its consists of assets , liabilities & capital of company or organisation.
Assets are the THINGS OF VALUE OWNED BY THE COMPANY , IT CAN BE IN THE FORM OF LAND ON WHICH THE COMPANY HAS BEEN BUILT, OR THE RAW MATERIAL THAT COMPANY HAS ON ITS SHOPFLOOR.Amount owed by an entity , which represents a claim by outsiders which include banks , financial institutes, is referred to as liabilities. In simple words, Its all about value payable by the company.AS you can see here,This is the balance sheet equation that gives the net worth of a company.Profit that a company makes in a year also adds to the the net worth of a company.
Revenue and expenses are mentioned in the profit and loss statement and the difference between them give us the profit or the loss or the net earning of the company in the particular financial period.
i will explain the various types of profits in a profit loss statementWhen we subtract the cost of goods sold frm the sales, we get the gross profit.Frm the gross profit when we subtract the operating expenses we get operating profitAnd finally after subtracting non operating expenses, depriciation, interest and tax we finally get net profit/profit aftr tax.
If a subsidiary earned $1 in income, for example, that $1 would show up on the parent's consolidated statement and the subsidiary's stand-alone statement -- but not the parent's stand-alone statement.
Debt has been pretty much constant… but networth has been increasing
Investments hav been growing… total assets have been growing.. These are the investments in the subsidaries
The debt factor is very high…
NOW LETS TALK ABOUT SHARE HOLDING PATTERN OF THE COMPANYFIRST PROMOTER AND PROMOTER GROUP WHICH IS TATASSECOND PUBLIC INSTITUTIONAL BANKS AND FINANCIAL INSTITUTESTHIRD PUBLIC NON INSTITUTIONAL ARE COMMON PUBLIC
TATA SONS LTD. IS THE HOLDING COMPANY OF TATA GROUP THESE OTHERS ARE THE GROUP COMPANIES ,THERE ARE TWO TRUSTS – SRI DORABJI TATA AND RATAN TATA TRUST WHICH WERE CREATED BY THE FAMLIES OF SONS OF JAMSETJI TATA, WHO WAS THE GROUP FOUNDER OF TATA SONS
NOW I WOULD LIKE TO DISCUSS THE FACTORS AFFECTING SHARE PRICE OF A COMPANY.
SOME PART OF EARNING BECAUSE SHARE PRICE is the price you are willing to pay for the future stream of earnings.
THIS SHOWS THAT STOCK PRICE IS HIGH WHEN THE EARNING PER SHARE IS LOW
As buyers move into the market, demand grows faster than supply and the price goes up. More sellers than buyers means there is more supply than demand, so the price falls.
Technical factors are the mix of external conditions that alter the supply of and demand for a company's stocklow inflation drives high multiples and high inflation drives low multiples 1) middle-aged investors, who are peak earners that tend to invest in the stock market, and 2) older investors who tend to pull out of the market in order to meet the demands of retirement.
Crowd psychology, typically a measurement of bullish or bearish attitudes among investors and trader.
an estimation of the value of a business that is obtained by multiplying the number of shares outstanding by the current price of a share.
THIS IS THE MARKET CAP. COMPARISION WITH THE PEERS
TATA STEEL IS LISTED IN BOMBAY STOCK EXCHANGE ,NSE AND LUSEMBURG STOCK EXCHAMGE OF EUROPE
THIS IS A SHARE PRICE CHART ,IN WHICH BLUE COLOUR SHOWS THE TREND OF TATA STEEL,ORANGE COLOUR SHOWS THE TREND OF NIFTY,IN THIS CHART THERE IS SO MANY PEAKS AND VALLEY S IN SHARE PRICE,SOME OF THEM ARE DUE TO FUNDAMENTAL FACTORS OR TECHNICAL FACTORS OR MARKET SENTIMENTSAFTER AUGUST 2007, THERE WAS A PEAK IN SHARE PRICE THIS IS BECAUSE COMP. AQUIREd CORUS IN EUROPE AND WHICH MAde TATA STEEL the SIXTH LARGEST STEEL PRODUCER IN THE WORLD AND THE COMPANY’S TURNOVER FIGURE BECame 5 TIMES than THE LAST YEAR AND THERE IS VALLEY IN 2008 ,THIS was BECAUSE OF RECESSION IN THE WORLD…….AND IN THIS ZONE THERE IS A HUGE RECESSION IN EUROPE AND SLUMP IN THE WORLD STEEL MARKET THAT LOWERS THE MARKET CAP.AND IN LAST TO THREE YEARS THE COMPANy’s PROFIT IS ALSO LESS DUE TO THE DEBT’S which has lowerd down the SHARE PRICE .
THIS IS THE OVERALL SHARE PRICE CHART OF THE COMPANY FROM 2000 TO 2013