The document discusses new land reforms that are high on development agendas and their potential impacts. It outlines some key issues with land reforms, including whether private property rights are necessary for economic growth. The document also examines different approaches to land reform, including land titling, redistribution, and formalization of customary rights. It analyzes why many past land reforms have failed and highlights examples of successful reforms in Ethiopia and China. New challenges for land reforms in Africa are also discussed.