1. Spanish 3
Grammar Book
Zachary Hoggs

2. Table of Contents
1. Present Tense
2. Stem Changers
3. Irregular YO verbs
4. Saber vs. conocer
5. Reflexive verbs
6. "Se" impersonal
7. Verbs like gusta(an)
8. Dipthongs
9. Irregular verbs (ger/gir, uir/guir, cer/cir)
10. Hacer expressions (Hace+ __________+Que+_____)
11. Imperfect
12. Preterite Tense
13. Car/Gar/Zar
14. Cucaracha Verbs
15. Snake/Snakey
16. Comparatives/Superlatives
17. Future

3. Present Tense
-ar -er ir
Yo O O O
Tú -as -es -es
Él/Ella/Usted -a -e -e
Nosotros/as -amos -emos -imos
Ellos/Ellas/Ust -an -en -en
edes
Hablar: Ver: Vivir:
Hablo Veo Vivo
Hablas Ves Vives
Habla Ve Vive
Hablamos Vemos Vivimos
Hablan Ven Viven

4. Stem Changers
 Verbs that have a spelling change when
conjugated in all forms except nosotros,
and vosotros.
 e -> ie (Querer)
 e -> i (Pedir)
 o -> ue (Dormir)
 u -> ue (Jugar)

5. Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs in the present tense.
 Go Verbs
 Verbs that have a –go ending in the “yo” form.
 Hacer -> hago
 Poner -> Pongo
 Tener -> Tengo
 Zco Verbs
 Verbs that add a “Z” berfor the “C” in the “yo”
form.
 Producir -> Produzco
 Traducir -> traduzco
 Introducir -> Introduzco

6. Sober V.S Conocer
 Saber:
 Use saber to express knowledge, or lack of
knowledge, of information, or the performance
of a skill.
 No sé donde está
 Sé cocinar como un chef.
 Sé todo el alfabeto en español.
 Conocer:
 Use to express familiarity with a person, place, or
thing.
 Conoces a mi hermana?

7. Reflexives
 In a reflexive sentence the subject is the same as
the object.
 Reflexive verbs are followed by a reflexive
pronoun.
Subject Pronoun Reflexive Pronoun Example
Yo Me Me peino el pelo
Tú Te Te peinas el pelo.
Él/Ella/Usted Se Ella se peina el pelo.
Nosotros/as Nos Nos peinamos el pelo.
Ellos/Ellas/Ustedes Se Ellos se peinan el pelo.

8. “Se” Impersonal
 Verbs that are not directed towards a
specific person, place, or thing.

9. Dipthongs
 Some verbs require an accent to place stress on proper
syllables for correct pronunciation. A dipthong is a weak
vowel(I,y,u) and a strong vowel(a,e,o) or two weak
vowels coming together to form one syllable. An accent
is placed on the weak vowel.
 Esquiar-”To ski”
 Esquío
 Esquías
 Esquíos
 Esquiamos
 esquían

10. Ger/Gir Verbs
 Inthe present tense, verbs that end with
-ger or –gir changes the g to a j in the yo
form
 Coger  Exigir
 Cojo  Exijo
 Coges  Exiges
 Coge  Exige
 Cogemos  Exigimos
 Cogen  Exigen

11. Imperfecto
 Used to explain what continuously happened, to
describe people or places, explain a feeling, tell the
time of day, to tell what an action was interrupted by, or
to describe a setting in the past.
-ar -er/-ir
Yo -aba -ía
Tú -abas -ías
Él/Ella/Usted -aba -ía
Nosotros/as -abamos --íasmos
Ellos/Ellas/Us -aban --ían
tedes

12. Hace+ ____ + Que+ ____
 Shows length of time in which the action
has taken place.
Hace+ (time) + que + (Present tense form of
verb)

13. Preterite
 Pasttense
 Known beginning, and ending
 “Snapshot” of time

14. Trigger words for Preterite
 Ayer
 Anoche
 Anteayer
 La semana pasada…..

15. Preterite endings
E I
 Aste Iste
O io
 Amos imos
 Aron Ieron

16. Irregulares
 EN YO:
 Car - que
 Gar - gue
 Zar - ce

17. Spock: Irregular
 Hacer
 Ir
 Ser
 Dar
 Ver

18. Cucaracha
 Andar-anduve
 Estar-estuve
 Pder-pude
 Poner-puse
 Querrer-quise
 Saber-supe
 Tener-tuve
 Venir-vine
 Conducir-conduje
 Producir-produje
 Traducir-traduje
 Trajer-traje
 Decir-dice

19. Snake/ Snakey
 Stem Changers(3rd person)
 Dormir -> Duermo
Y Changers
Leer:
lei leimos
leiste
leyo leyeron

20. Comparatives/Superlatives
Mas/Menos +_________+ que
More/less than
Tan+ ______ + como
As ____ as
• Tantos+ _______ (noun) + como

21. El Futuro
 Infinitive +

 s

 Emos
 n
 Ir + a + infinitive = Immediate future