Sociolinguistics

1. Language choice in multilingual
communities (diaglossia,
bilingualism, multilingualism)
1. Srie Novita Winda 22202289013
2. Zahrani Esa Muliya 22202289015

2. What is Language
Repertoire?
01

3. Linguistic repertoire is the set of skills and knowledge a person has of one or
more languages, as well as their different varieties. It is include all linguistic
varieties like registers, dialects, styles, accents, etc. Holmes (2008) states that
repertoire influenced the way people talk to others (including how to use the
style and dialect).

4. What is Diglossia?
02

5. Diglosia is a situation where there are two different codes
with an obvious functional separation; the two different codes
used in absolutely different set situation (Wardaugh & Fuller,
2015). One language is more prestigious and one another more
formal. In other words, the term diglossia describes a community
or institutional bilingualism, where two kinds of varieties are
needed to cover all community domains. In simple sentence,
diglossia is the situation where the speakers use two varieties of
language for different context or different situation.

6. 3 crucial features of Diglossia:
1.Two distinct varieties of the same language are used in the
community, with one regarded as a high (or H) variety and the
other a low (or L) variety.
2.Each variety is used for quite distinct functions; H and L
complement each other.
3. No one uses the H variety in everyday conversation.

7. The main difference between bilingualism and diglossia is that
bilingualism is the ability to speak and communicate using two
languages, whereas diglossia is the use of different varieties or
dialects in the same language. A simple way to distinguish
between the two is that bilingualism is more focused on
individuals who speak two languages while diglossia is a
community of people who use two languages or two dialects.

8. What is Bilingualism?
03

9. Bloomfield (1958) explains that bilingualism is a person's ability to master
two languages equally well, like a native speaker. So, people who are bilingualism must
be masters of both languages they use, if people who are bilingual only understand the
language but cannot use it, then that person is not categorized as bilingualism, as
stated by Bloomfield. but another opinion says that even though someone cannot speak
like a native speaker but understands the language, it is categorized as bilingualism
(Haugen, 1968). Bilingualism is two languages that are used by a person
interchangeably in associating with other people.

10. The types of bilingualism:
1. Horizontal bilingualism is when two language are similar in official, social and
cultural status in a country.
2. Vertical bilingualism is when there are two dialects in the same language but one
dialect is official and one other is colloquial.
3. Diagonal bilingualism is when a country uses a standard dialect of one language and
a colonial dialect of another language.

11. What is Multilingualism?
04

12. Multilingualism is related to the person who speaks many
languages. Multilingual is the ability of people to communicate
effectively in three or more languages. It is includes individuals who use
one language at home and another outside home, another at the
particular situation, and so on. Types of multilingualism are official
multilingualism and the factor.

13. What is Interference?
05

14. Interference is the deviations occur in bilingual speech
because of the familiarity with more than one language. Language
interference also known as language transfer or L1 Interference refers
to the speakers applying knowledge from their native language to
second language. The effect can be on any aspect of language, such as
grammar, vocabulary, accent, spelling, and so on. Grammatical
inference example is “she very loves her brother”.

15. REFERENCES
Holmes, J., & Wilson, N. (2017). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (5th
ed). Routledge.
Meyerhoff, M. (2018). Introducing Sociolinguistics (3rd ed). Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429507922
Wardaugh, R., & Fuller, J. M. (2015). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics
(7th ed). Wiley-Blackwell.

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