Demo graphic transition

1. DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPT OF TRANSITION
SIZE, COMPOSITION AND GROWTH OF POPULATION
Presented By, Group E
Hitendra Kumai, 2017FT21
Iftikhar Rakib, 2017FT22
Jahnob Konwar, 2017FT23
Jyoti Sharma, 2017FT24
Kironmoyee Borkakoty, 2017FT25

2. INTRODUCTION
• Demographic transition is the study of size, density and distribution of
human population.
• It was discovered that there was a connection between the population
growth and economic development of the country.
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3. • Demographic factors are growth rate, age composition, ethnic composition, rural-
urban distribution etc.
• Warren Thomson noticed a pattern in birth and death rate over a period of time
giving rise to demographic transition theory.
• A country goes through transition from non industrialization to industrial phase.
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STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION

5. STAGES OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Reasons for high birth rate include:
o Due to early marriages
o Widespread prevalence of illiteracy
o Absence of knowledge about family planning
techniques
o Attitudes towards children for
supplementing family income
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Reasons of high death rate include:
o High incidence of disease
o Due to insufficient diets
o Poor levels of hygiene
Stage 1:High fluctuation-high birth rates and death rates-however population growth is small.

6. Stage 2: High birth rate but falling death rate . Total population begins to
expand rapidly.
Reasons for falling death rate:
o Improved public health
o Better nutrition
o Lower child mortality
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7. Stage 3: Falling birth rate , continuing falling death rate .The population growth slows
down.
Reasons for falling birth rate include:
o Preferences for smaller families(cheaper)
o Changes in social trends and fashions
o Rise in materialism (i.e. would rather spend money on expensive goods than pay for
more kids)
o Lower infant mortality rate
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8. STAGE 4
• Stable population
• There are more deaths then birth
• Good education and hygiene
• Birth control available
• Desire for smaller families
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9. STAGE 5
• Total population is high
• Ageing population
• Less birth and more death
• Financial independence of women
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10. HOW BIRTH RATE ARE CONTROLLED?
Empowering women reduces fertility rates
Educate women to use contraceptives in case of unwanted pregnancy
Educate about family planning and programs
Educational opportunities
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11. ADVANTAGES
• It is a universal concept that can be applied to all countries in the world.
• It provides a starting point for the study of demographic change over time.
• The timescale of each stage is flexible.
• It enables comparisons to be made demographically between countries.
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12. DISADVANTAGES
• The original model did not include the fifth stage as this was noted until the 1960s in some
western European countries.
• It is based on Europe, and presumed that all countries will follow the sequence of
socioeconomic changes experienced there.
• It does not include the impacts of migration.
• It does not include the role played by the Governments.
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13. EVALUATION
• The DTM is a simple method of comparison between different countries and it enables us to quickly and
easily estimate the stage of development of a country over time.
• But it is based upon Europe and assumes the other countries will follow the same path of socioeconomic
changes.
• Overall this means the model should be used with caution.
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14. WHY IT IS USEFUL ?
 It shows changes of population over the time
 It can be use to estimate the population structure
 It can be applied to all the country
 It is Universal

15. WHAT ABOUT INDIA?
• Recent evidence shows that India too is following the pattern but with a late beginning and
slower pace
• The death rate began to fall after 1920 but the birth rate remained high up to the 1960s opening
up a gap and consequent population growth
• Clearly, India is passing through the demographic transition and is moving from the middle
transitional stage to the late transitional stage
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Conclusion
 The human population is larger than at time in the past.
 Growing population as well as growing consumption, will affect the environment.
 Growth rate has decreased nearly everywhere.
 Progress has been made in expanding rights for women worldwide.
 How will the population stop rising ?
 Demographic transition.
 Governmental intervention.
 Diseases.
 Social conflict.

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bibliography
Davis, Kingsley. "The World Demographic Transition." Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, 1945 237: 1-11. in JSTOR, classic article that
introduced concept of transition
Friedlander, Dov, Barbara S. Okun and Sharon Segal, "The Demographic Transition
Then and Now: Processes, Perspectives, and Analyses." Journal of Family History 1999
24(4): 493-533. Issn: 0363-1990 Fulltext: in Ebsco
Caldwell, John C. et al. Demographic Transition Theory. (2006)
And few more!