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TOPIC: SHARES<br />,[object Object],In Section 4 Companies Act 1965, shares means shares in the capital of a corporation, including stock. But there are differences between stocks and shares either expressed or implied.<br />Refers to the case Burland’s Trustee vs Steel Bros & Co. Ltd. <br />“Share an interest in the company's shareholders are assessed / measured by the amount       of money for purposes of liability, interest and also represents a mutual agreement between the shareholders inter se.”<br />Means that, shareholders' interests and liabilities of the company is operating and when the winding-up occurred. <br />,[object Object],There are two types of shares, namely ordinary shares and preferred shares.<br />2.1 Ordinary Shares<br />In Section 4 Companies Act 1965, ordinary shares which are common stock are also called equity shares, as known as risk capital of a company. It will give holders the rights of ownership in the company and obligations of ownership are also conferred. <br />2.2 Preference Shares<br />In Section 4 Companies Act 1965, preferred shares are also known as preferred stock which has the right to dividend before ordinary shareholders to receive the payment. If the company is dissolution, the preferred shares will get the distribution of asset. <br />Preference shares usually have restricted or non-existent voting rights, and will not participate in distribution of surplus assets on winding-up unless they have been issued as participating preference shares. There are various types of preference shares:  <br />,[object Object]
When the company is successful, the shareholder is entitled to participate in the profits beyond the fixed dividends by way of an additional fluctuating.
Cumulative preference share
Whose dividends accumulative until such time as the company is in a position to declare dividends. The accumulated dividends of the preference shares are to be paid first.
Non cumulative preference share
It is opposite with cumulative preferred share which is unpaid dividends do not accrue.
Redeemable preference share
In Section 61 Company Act 1965, on advance, notice of a period of time, the company may be redeemed at a stated redemption price.
Convertible preference share
Preferred stock that is includes an option for the holders to convert the preferred shares into a fixed number of ordinary shares.3.0 PROSPECTUS<br />Corporate disclosure in a prospectus in relation to a public issue can serve as essential material to aid public investors in making an informed investment judgment before deciding whether or not to accept the offer. A prospectus is defined by Section 4(1) of the Companies Act is any prospectus, notice, circular, advertisement or invitation inviting applications or offers from the public to subscribe for or purchase or offering to the public for subscription or purchase any shares in or debentures of or any units of shares in or units of debentures of a corporation or proposed corporation. <br />S42 (1)A prospectus shall not be issued, circulated or distributed by any person unless a copy thereof has first been registered by the Registrar.<br />S 37(1) A person shall not issue, circulate or distribute any form of application for shares in or debentures of a corporation unless the form is issued, circulated or distributed together with a prospectus, a copy of which has been registered by the Registrar.<br />Penalty: Imprisonment for five years or one hundred thousand ringgit or both.<br />The central prohibitions are that application forms for shares and debentures may not be issued unless accompanied by a registered and those corporations may not invite the public to lend money unless a prospectus has already been registered. If you notice, prospectus is an invitation suggestion and recommendations made by the applicant and the acceptance will be made by the company. Thus, the basic principles of contract will apply. Once the company makes acceptance, the companies should divide the shares related to the applicant. Distribution of shares will not make the applicant as a member of the company automatically. Distribution of shares is contractual agreement whereby the company must meet the total number of shares set for the division and the party making the proposal to purchase is dependent upon receipt of shares made by the company. <br />Upon acceptance, the directors shall apportion the shares and send a notice to applicant. Allotment of shares and issuance of share is bringing different meaning. Issuing of shares will involve the full control by the shareholder on the number of shares owned by him.<br />3.1 Effect of allotment of shares<br />When a notification in respect of the allotment of shares has been in force, applicant:<br />,[object Object]
tied to the company's memorandum and articles; and

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