Sikhism - Religion & Buildings Types

SIKHISM , FROM SIKH, MEANING A "DISCIPLE", "SEEKER" OR
"LEARNER“, IS A MONOTHEISTIC RELIGION THAT ORIGINATED IN
THE PUNJAB REGION OF THE INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AROUND THE
END OF THE 15TH CENTURY
IT IS ONE OF THE YOUNGEST OF THE MAJOR WORLD RELIGIONS
AND THE WORLD'S FIFTH LARGEST ORGANIZED RELIGION, AS WELL
AS BEING THE WORLD'S NINTH-LARGEST OVERALL RELIGION.
SIKHISM

 FAITH & MEDITATION ON THE NAME OF THE ONE CREATOR
 DIVINE UNITY AND EQUALITY OF ALL HUMANKIND
 ENGAGING IN SELFLESS SERVICE TO MANKIND
 STRIVING FOR JUSTICE FOR THE BENEFIT /PROSPERITY OF ALL
 HONEST CONDUCT AND LIVELIHOOD
The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred
scripture Guru Granth Sahib
FUNDAMENTAL BELIEFS

 GURU - "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge
Two words : Gu (dispeller of ignorance)
Ru (bringer of enlightenment)
Guru is who brings light into darkness or in
other words, the one who enlightens.
 GURDWARA - House of worship (Sikh Temple)
 WAHEGURU – One of the Name of God/Almighty
 KHALSA - belonging to the divine, ‘Pure’
 GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI - The Spiritual Scripture of Sikhs
 MOOL MANTAR – Basic Tenet(s)
 There is but one God
 True is his name
 The Creator, without fear, without enmity
 Timeless, Without birth i.e. unborn and Self illumined
RELIGIOUS TERMS

 BOLE SO NIHAL...SAT SRI AKAL
BOLE SO NIHAL...SAT SRI AKAL
 BOLE SO NIHAL...SAT SRI AKAL
 (Whoever utters, shall be fulfilled... True
is the Great Timeless One)
is the Sikh slogan of shout of victory,
triumph or exultation)
which means one will be blessed eternally
who says that God is the ultimate truth

NISAH SAHIB
The NISHAN SAHIB is a SIKH TRIANGULAR FLAG made of cotton or
silk cloth, with a tassel at its end. The word, NISHAN means
symbol, and the flag is hoisted on a tall flagpole, outside
most GURDWARAS
Traditional symbol of the KHALSA PANTH (corps of initiated
Sikhs), the Nishan Sahib can be seen from far away,
signifying the presence of Khalsa
in the neighbourhood

NISAH SAHIB
GURU GOBIND SINGH WITH FOLLOWERS CARRYING BASANTI FLAG WITH EMBLEMS

THE SIKH GURUS ARE SPIRITUAL MASTERS OF SIKHISM, WHO
ESTABLISHED THIS RELIGION OVER THE COURSE OF ABOUT TWO
AND A HALF CENTURIES, BEGINNING IN 1469. THE YEAR 1469
MARKS THE BIRTH OF GURU NANAK DEV JI, THE FOUNDER
OF SIKHISM. HE WAS SUCCEEDED BY NINE OTHER GURUS UNTIL, IN
1708, THE GURUSHIP WAS FINALLY PASSED ON BY THE TENTH GURU
TO THE HOLY SIKH SCRIPTURE, GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI, WHICH IS
NOW CONSIDERED THE LIVING GURU BY THE FOLLOWERS OF THE
SIKH FAITH
SIKHISM - GURUS

Guru Nanak Dev Ji
Guru Angad Dev Ji
Guru Amar Das Ji
Guru Ram Das Ji
Guru Arjan Dev Ji
Guru Hargobind Ji
Guru Har Rai Ji
Guru Harkrishan Ji
Guru Tegh Bhadur Ji
Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Sikhs have a student-teacher relationship with their Gurus since their
teachings, written in Guru Granth Sahib Ji, serve as a guide for them.
SIKHISM - GURUS

THE FIRST MASTER
GURU NANAK DEV JI MAHARAJ
(1469 - 1539)
FOUNDER OF THE SIKHISM BASED ON EQUALITY & JUSTICE FOR ALL

THE TEN GRUS "imaginary portrait"

Father Martyred to protect the Right of
Freedom of Religion
Created the Sikh Nation: KHALSA – legion
of the pure with Saint/Soldier qualities to
protect anyone from oppression and
injustice
Amrit - Baptism Ceremony in 1699
Prescribed the 5 Articles of Faith
Declared Guru Granth Sahib as the
eternal Guru and ultimate spiritual
authority for the Sikhs.
THE TENTH MASTER
GURU GOBIND SINGH JI

THE TENTH MASTER

PANJ PYARE
“KHALSA” to be pure, to be clear, to be free from" refers to both a community that considers
Sikhism as its faith, as well as a special group of initiated Sikhs. The Khalsa tradition was
initiated in 1699 by the last living Guru of Sikhism, Guru Gobind Singh.

The basis of Sikhism lies in the teachings of GURU NANAK JI and his
successors. Many sources call Sikhism a MONOTHEISTIC religion
In Sikhism, the concept of "GOD" is WAHEGURU considered
 NIRANKAR Shapeless
 AKAL Timeless
 AGAM AGOCHAR Incomprehensible and Invisible
IK ONKAR (ੴ) Formless one and understood in the Sikh
tradition as monotheistic unity of God.
Sikh ethics emphasize the congruence between spiritual development and
everyday moral conduct. Its founder Guru Nanak summarized this perspective
with "Truth is the highest virtue, but higher still is truthful living"
PHILOSOPHY AND TEACHINGS

GURU GRANTH SAHIB – LIVING GURU
Sri Guru Granth Sahib is the principal scripture
of SIKHISM.
It was written by the TEN GURUS OF
SIKHISM and is itself regarded by Sikhs as the
final, sovereign, and ETERNAL LIVING GURU.
 Adi Granth, the first rendition, was compiled by
the fifth Sikh guru, GURU ARJAN. The tenth
guru, GURU GOBIND SINGH, added one shloka,
dohra mahala 9 ang, 1429 and all 115 hymns of
his father, GURU TEGH BAHADUR.
 This second rendition came to be known as Sri
Guru Granth Sahib

 Compiled by the Sikh Guru’s themselves
 Guru Granth Sahib ji revered as living
Master
 Any member, male or female, of the
congregation can read from Guru Granth
Sahib Ji.
 All religious activity of the Sikhs are
focused upon and revolves around the
Spiritual Scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib.
 Contains teachings of the Gurus and also
other Muslim and Hindu saints

VALUE & PRACTICE
SARBAT DA BHALLA : Welfare unto all
SEVA : Daily selfless
Service to humanity
Service to god through selfless
Service to humanity and Gods creation.
VAND CHAKNA : Sharing with the needy
KIRAT KARNIYEE : Honest Labor
Honest earnings by hard work
Do not become burden on the society
Daily Prayers & Meditation
BHAI KANHAYIA -
PIONEER OF THE RED CROSS &
HUMANITARIAN AID
ORGANIZATIONS

BEHOLD ALL HUMAN RACE AS ONE
LANGAR – Free Community Kitchen
The tradition of Langar (wherein everyone sit
together and share a meal after services
regardless of social class or whether they are
rich or poor) expresses the ideals of equality,
sharing and the Oneness of all humankind
A Sikh (Bhai Kanhaiya Ji) serving water to
friend and foes alike in the battlefield.
The Hymns of Muslim, Hindu and so-called
‘lower caste’ saints were incorporated into
Guru Granth Sahib ji alongside Sikh Gurus
Hymns without any kind of distinction.

SIKH BELIEFS
 Origin of universe is from ONE eternal light source
 One god/creator - ALL humans created equal
 Men and Women have same rights
 Human life - a precious blessing
 All carry a spark of divine light: consequently no race, pigmentation,
gender, is intrinsically superior to others
 We are to behave as Role Models for those around us
 Freedom and Liberty for all
 - Protect yours and others rights
 Truth, fearless, non-hateful spirit are important in attaining salvation
 Justice and liberty for all
 Only Those who practice LOVE obtain God
 Respect for all Religions
 Equality of all faiths, caste, creed, race, and all are welcome to the
Gurudwara

PRACTICES & DRESS CODE
 NO MAGIC: antidote for evil is to remember God (recite His name)
 NO RITUALS.
 NO SUPERSTITIONS.
 NO STATUES OR IDOL WORSHIP
 SIKH MEN AND WOMEN KEEP UNCUT HAIR
 Dress Code given by tenth Guru: Guru Gobind Singh, as a form of
identity and uniqueness.
 Sikhs wear the five K’s: Kesh (unshorn hair) Kanga (small comb) Kara
(iron bangle) Kirpaan (symbolic sword) Kachera (underpants)
 Color of turban is personal preference

VAISAKHI – KHALSA SIKH
 Vaisakhi observes major events in the history of Sikhism and
the Indian subcontinent that happened in the Punjab region.
 The significance of Vaisakhi as a major Sikh festival marking
the birth of Sikh order started after the persecution and
execution of Guru Tegh Bahadur for refusing to convert to
Islam under the orders of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.
 This triggered the coronation of the tenth Guru of Sikhism
and the historic formation of KHALSA, both on the Vaisakhi
day.

THE FIVE Ks
KESH : uncut hair: Sikhs do not cut hair or beards to
demonstrate their Love and obedience to their faith.
KACHERA: undershot to represent modesty & fidelity
KANGA : wooden comb to keep uncut hair neat and clean
KARA : Bracelet, made of steel worn on dominant hand
a reminder of noble actions, a symbol of eternity
KIRPAAN: Ceremonial knife symbolizing freedom, liberty and
justice
 Never to be used as an offensive weapon
DON’Ts
 Shaving or cutting of Hair
 Eating Halal ( Kutta ) meat
 Adultery
 Use of tobacco or intoxicants (Smoking,
Drugs, Alcohol etc)

TURBAN - THE HERITAGE & PRIDE OF SIKHS
95% OF PEOPLE WEARING TURBANS IN SIKHS
• Covers long, uncut hair
• Approx. 15 feet of cloth wrapped neatly
around the head every time it is put on
• Symbolizes discipline, integrity, humility, and
spirituality
• Religious requirement - must be worn at all
times in public

SIKHISM AND WOMEN RIGHTS
 Spiritual scripture ( Guru Granth
Sahib ) mandate women must be
respected and treated as equal to
man
 Sikh Gurus rejected the old myth
of females being inferior to men.
 Sikh followers are instructed not
to associate with those who
discriminate against Women
 Sikh Women can do everything
 Both men and women are
considered capable of reaching
the highest levels of spirituality

GURU’s LEAD BY EXAMPLE
GURU ARJAN DEV JI (5th Guru)
serving the lepers
GURU AMARDAS JI conferred equal
status on men & women
Community Service
- Helping the poor and needy
Honest labor and work ("Kirat karni") are the
approved way of life in Sikhism.
Equal Right to Women
Bhai Lehna ji working with
GURU NANAK DEV JI in the
fields

VISIT A GURDWARA
 HARMANDER SAHIB (also
known as Golden Temple): It
has four entrances: symbolizing
people of any faith, any race
are welcomed and encouraged
to attend the services.
 This concept underscores the
peaceful co-existence with all
other religions and people.
Daily prayer ends with asking
God for the good of all
humanity
 Worshipers of both sexes
remove their shoes and cover
their heads before entering the
Gurdwara, to show respect to
teachings of Guru.

SIKH ARCHITECTURE
 Sikh Architecture is a style of architecture that is characterized
with values of progressiveness, exquisite intricacy, austere
beauty and logical flowing lines.
 Due to its progressive style, it is constantly evolving into many
newly developing branches with new CONTEMPORARY styles.
Although Sikh architecture was initially developed
within SIKHISM its style has been used in many non-religious
buildings due to its beauty. 300 years ago, Sikh architecture
was distinguished for its many curves and straight lines
 Sikh Architecture is heavily influenced
by MUGHAL and RAJPUT styles. The ONION DOME, FRESCOES,
in-lay work, and multi-foil arches, are Mughal influences, more
specially from Shah Jahan's period, whereas ,
oriel windows, bracket supported eaves at the string-course,
and ornamented friezes are derived from elements of Rajput
architecture.

SIKH ARCHITECTURE
THE HARMANDIR SAHIB

SIKH ARCHITECTURE
SAROVAR (SACRED POOL) AT FATEHGARH SAHIB GURDWARA

GURDWARA PANGA SAHIB
GURDWARA PANJA SAHIB ‫صاحب‬ ‫پنجہ‬ ‫گردوارہ‬ is
famous GURDWARA located in HASAN ABDAL, PAKISTAN. The shrine
is considered to be particularly important as the handprint of the
founder of SIKHI, GURU NANAK, is believed to be imprinted on a
boulder at the Gurdwara.

GURDWARA JANAM ASTHAN
GURDWARA JANAM ASTHAN , also referred to as GURDWARA
NANKANA SAHIB, is a highly revered GURDWARA that was built at
the site where the founder of Sikhism, Guru Nanak ji , was born.
The shrine is located in the city of NANKAN SAHIB ,

SELECTED VERSES – GURU GRANTH SAHIB JI
• The one who earns an honest living, gives to the underprivileged, (Nanak says),
he realizes the true path
• You do good for us, but we do not see it as good, you are kind and
compassionate for ever and ever
• The Supreme Religion of all relegion is to remember Gods name and perform
serene and pious deeds.
• There are millions upon millions of suns, planets and orbs in the sky, with
millions upon millions of skies”
• The universe has been created and destroyed many times before, at His will
• There is no enemy and no alien, we are friends to everyone.

GURDWARA DARBAR SAHIB - KARTARPUR

Sikhism - Religion & Buildings Types

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